THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


so 

V 


AN   ACCOUNT 


liNSTITUTION  AND  PROGRESS 


COLLEGE  OF  PHYSICIANS  OF  PHILADELPHIA 

DURING  A  HUNDRED  YEARS, 
FKOM  JANUARY,  1787. 

BY 
W.  S.  ^y.  RUSCHENBERGER,  M.D. 


PHILADELPHIA: 
WM.  J.  DORNAN,  PRINTER, 

1887. 


Siomedical 
Library 

I 


PREFACE. 


Desire  to  know  the  origin  as  well  as  the  conduct  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia  during  its  existence,  and  also  some- 
thing of  its  fellows  from  first  to  last,  prompted  this  enterprise. 

Except  the  minutes  of  proceedings  at  the  meetings,  the  reports, 
papers,  etc.,  pertinent  to  a  history  of  the  college,  have  not  been  kept 
together  and  conveniently  arranged  for  ready  reference  as  they  might 
have  been,  had  an  archivist  been  charged  with  the  care  of  them. 

Data  from  many  sources  had  to  be  collected,  verified,  and  compiled. 
Assuming  that  others  may  be  interested  in  the  subject,  the  result 
has  been  printed.  It  is  conjectured  that  the  work,  like  a  register  of 
marriages,  births,  and  deaths,  may  be  convenient  for  occasional  refer- 
ence by  some  of  the  present  fellows,  as  well  as  by  some  of  those  who 
may  hereafter  join  this  somewhat  numerous  fraternity  of  physicians — 
should  it  hold  together  and  thrive,  through  all  time,  as  now  hoped. 
This  is  the  only  reason  offered  for  spending  considerable  time  and 
labor,  which  might  have  been  applied  more  profitably  otherwise  than 
in  producing  Avhat  has  little  intrinsic  value,  and  is  likely  to  interest  few. 

A  part  only — the  first  forty-eight  pages — was  read  at  a  stated 
meeting  of  the  college,  October  6,  1886,  probably  near  the  centen- 
nial anniversary  of  the  conception  of  the  society :  the  rest  has  been 
since  added. 

The  Roll  of  the  College,  prepared  in  compliance  with  a  suggestion 
of  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell,  has  been  placed  in  an  appendix,  following 
lists  of  the  officers,  etc.  It  is  defective  in  many  places.  In  some 
instances  satisfactory  records  of  deceased  fellows  have  not  been 
found ;  and  some  living  fellows  did  not  reply  to  an  application  to 
them  for  desired  information. 

The  Roll,  which  has  upon  it  the  names  of  all  who  have  been 
elected  members  of  the  society  during  the  century  ending  in  January, 
1887,  shows  that  the  fellows  generally,  past  and  present,  have  been 


820966 


iv  PREFACE. 

and  are  active  in  professional  work  ;  sincerely  desirous  to  promote 
the  acquisition  and  diffusion  of  medical  knowledge ;  charitable,  in 
rendering  gratuitous  service  to  hospitals  and  asylums,  and  benevo- 
lent in  seconding,  from  time  to  time,  efforts  to  improve  the  hygienic 
conditions  of  the  community,  and  to  prevent  the  introduction  and 
spread  of  diseases ;  and  also,  by  pointing  out  the  injurious  conse- 
quences arising  from  the  use  of  adulterated  foods  and  drinks,  and 
whatever  is  prejudicial  to  health  and  life;  and  in  war  times  a  fair 
proportion  always  cheerfully  served  in  the  army  or  navy. 

As  the  purpose  of  a  society  is  generally  expressed  in  its  title,  the 
names  of  associations  joined  to  that  of  each  fellow  on  the  roll,  like 
catch  words,  give  a  clew  to  the  nature  of  his  scientific  inclinations, 
and  tell  the  branch  of  the  profession  which  he  prefers.  Collegiate 
decrees,  titles  of  offices  held,  names  of  societies  in  which  enrolled, 
imply  the  nature  of  his  education  and  public  occupations.  But 
altoo-ether  they  do  not  constitute  a  standard  for  the  measurement  of 
either  his  intellectual  force  or  the  extent  of  his  acquirements,  notwith- 
standing a  popular  notion  to  the  contrary.  Membership  of  societies 
established  in  his  place  of  residence,  signifies  that  his  standing  is 
good  among  those  upon  whom  election  depends,  but  not  necessarily 
that  he  has  high  attainments,  for  the  reason  that  qualifications  are 
not  scanned  alike,  in  all  societiess  everywhere,  before  admission  of  the 
candidate  to  pay  entrance  and  annual  fees.  But  enrollment  on  the 
lists  of  first-class  medical  or  scientific  associations  of  distant  places, 
which  involve  no  annual  payment,  may  be  accepted  in  evidence  of 
merit,  especially  if  the  number  of  their  members  be  restricted  in  any 
sense.  For  example,  the  Royal  Academy  of  Berlin  limits  its  foreign 
associates  to  sixteen ;  the  Royal  Society  of  London  to  fifty  ;  the 
Academy  of  Paris  to  eight ;  the  Academic  des  Inscriptions  et  Belles 
Lettres  to  eight ;  and  the  Royal  Sardinian  Academy  to  six.  Persons 
to  fill  vacancies  on  those  lists  are  selected  without  their  knowledge  by 
a  council  or  competent  committee,  after  an  impartial  scrutiny  of  their 
writings  and  public  character,  and  the  names  of  the  proposed  candi- 
dates are  then  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  society.^     The  electors  are 

*  Histoire  des  Sciences  et  des  Savants,  depuis  deux  Siecles.  Par  Alphonse  de 
CandoUe.  Deuxieme  edition  considerablement  augmentee.  H.  Georg.,  Geneve- 
Bale,  1885. 


PREFACE.  V 

experts  in  science  and,  therefore,  supposed  to  know  who  are  qualified 
to  be  their  peers.  None  unworthy  is  likely  to  pass  such  an  ordeal, 
but  some  worthy  men  are,  no  doubt,  rejected.  The  honor  of  an 
election  of  the  kind  is  obviously  great.  The  science  of  medicine 
has  not  now  a  representative  among  their  foreign  associates.  The 
names  of  physicians  and  surgeons  are,  however,  on  their  lists  of  resi- 
dent or  native  members. 

It  is  notable  in  this  connection  that  only  three  native  American 
practitioners  of  medicine  have  ever  been  elected  fellows  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  London ;  and  other  Americans  so  distinguished 
have  been  comparatively  few.  Dr.  Zabdiel  Boylston,  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  Avho  was  the  first  in  America  to  inoculate  for  smallpox,  1721, 
was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Society,  July  7,  1726 ;  Benjamin 
Franklin,  April  29,  1756:  John  Morgan,  M.D.,  March  7,  1765, 
and  David  Hosack,  M.D.,  of  New  York,  in  1816.  Since  then  no 
American  practitioner  has  been  made  a  fellow.  Americans,  besides 
those  just  named,  who  have  been  so  honored,  ai*e:  Benjamin  Thomp- 
son (Count  Rumford),  of  Woburn,  ^lass.,  elected  April  27,  1779  ; 
James  Bowdoin,  of  Boston,  April  3,  1788 ;  David  Rittenhouse,  of 
Philadelphia,  April  16,  1794  ;^  Benjamin  Pierce,  of  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  1852;  Henry  Darwin  Rogers,  M.D.,  of  Philadelphia,  1858 
[he  was  credited  to  Scotland,  being  Professor  of  Natural  History  in 
the  University  of  Glasgow  at  the  time  of  his  election] ;  Alexander 
Dallas  Bache,  of  Philadelphia,  1860;  Asa  Cray,  M.D.,  of  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  1873  ;  Simon  Newcomb,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  1877, 
and  James  D wight  Dana,  of  New  Haven,  Conn.,  1884.  Only 
thirteen  natives  of  America  have  been  elected  within  the  past  one 
hundred  and  sixty  years.  Of  these  one  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia, 
three  in  New  York,  four  in  Philadelphia,  and  five  in  Massachusetts. 

The  dignity  of  a  physician  cannot  be  justly  estimated  by  member- 
ship in  this  or  that  society,  in  spite  of  the  adage  that  "a  man  i& 
known  by  the  company  he  keeps."  Since  "specialties" — with  a 
society  for  the  cultivation  of  each  of  them — have  come  into  fashion, 
many  general  practitioners  join  several  such  associations,  not  for  the 

^  History  of  the  Royal  Society  from  its  institution  to  the  end  of  the  eighteenth 
century.    By  Thomas  Thompson,  M.D.,  F.R.S.L.  and  E.  Quarto.  London, 1812. 


vi  PREFACE. 

sake  of  renown,  but  as  a  pleasant  way  of  keeping  pace  with  progress 
in  branches  in  which  they  are  interested.  Hence  it  is,  perhaps,  that 
many  of  these  societies,  holding  meetings  at  different  times,  are 
largely  composed  of  the  same  persons,  who  meet  in  different  depart- 
ments of  the  same  workshop. 

Some  physicians  are  conspicuous  among  their  neighbors  in  the 
county  in  which  they  reside.  Some  are  more  or  less  known  through- 
out the  State.  The  names  of  a  few  become  generally  familiar  to  all 
their  countrymen.  A  comparatively  small  number  obtain  a  world- 
wide renown,  for  the  reason  that  professional  ministrations,  which  are 
serious,  private,  sometimes  confidential  in  their  nature,  consist  almost 
exclusively  in  direct  personal  services.  Such  services  are  not  usually 
witnessed  by  many  spectators.  They  need  to  be  successfully  rendered 
to  very  many  individuals  to  establish  even  a  local  reputation.  jNIedi- 
cine  honestly  practised  does  not  afford  the  materials,  the  opportunities 
which  lead  men  to  fame.  Physicians  do  become  famous,  but  not  by 
their  practice  alone.  An  important  discovery,  a  marked  aptitude  in 
teaching  or  in  writing,  or  eminent  success  in  some  collateral  science, 
or  in  something  outside  of  the  profession,  lays  the  foundation  of  the 
doctor's  fame.  For  illustration :  Edward  Jenner  is  famous  because 
he  discovered  vaccination;  Asa  Gray,  because  he  is  an  eminent 
botanist;  Joseph  Leidy,  because  he  is  a  distinguished  naturalist; 
Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  because  his  prose  and  poetry  ever  and  anon 
twinkle  with  genial  humor;  and  Richard  J.  Gatling,  of  North 
Carolina,  because  he  invented  a  gun  which  is  known  by  his  name. 

Looking  through  Routledge's  Dictionary  of  Contempoi'aries,  12th 
edition,  January',  1887,  Ave  find  the  names  of  2060  persons,  of  both 
sexes,  and  many  nations.  Of  the  whole  number,  including  Ameri- 
can cx-presidents,  the  president  and  members  of  his  cabinet,  163 
(0.7815  per  cent.)  were  born  in  the  United  States.  Ten  of  them  are 
natives  of  Philadelphia.  All  these  names  belong  to  the  clerical, 
literary,  military,  musical,  naval,  political,  scientific,  theatrical  classes. 
Among  them  are  15  surgeons,  and  77  holding  the  degree  of  M.D., 
of  whom  nine  are  Americans.  Two  are  fellows  of  this  college. 
According  to  a  necrology  appended  to  the  work,  2129  notable  per- 
sons, who  were  the  celebrities  of  previous  editions,  died  in  the  course 
of  thirty  years,  from  1856  to  1886.     Fifty-three  of  these,  2.48  per 


PREFACE.  Vll 

cent,  of  the  whole  number,  had  obtained  the  degree  of  M.D.,  and 
also  that  kind  of  renown  which,  in  the  opinion  of  the  editor,  made 
them  eligible  to  a  place  among  those  about  whom  the  public  is 
curious,  and,  therefore,  likely  to  enhance  the  commercial  value  of  the 
book,  which  is  always  an  object.  But  the  notices  are  too  brief  and 
general  for  just  appraisement  of  their  subjects.  The  information  of 
the  editor  enables  him  to  name  only  about  two  thousand  persons  in 
the  Christian  world  who  are  conspicuous  on  account  of  merit  of  some 
kind.  About  three  per  cent,  of  them  belong  to  the  medical  profes- 
sion. Of  more  than  fifty  millions  of  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
he  knew  of  only  163  natives  suitably  qualified  to  be  enrolled  among 
those  selected  by  him  to  gratify  the  curiosity  of  English  readers.  If 
his  capability  to  judge  be  acknowledged,  the  intellectuality  of  a  com- 
paratively small  number  is  above  the  average  of  Americans ;  yet, 
they  have  achieved  more  to  promote  the  common  welfare  of  man 
than  any  other  people. 

These  citations  recall  a  conjecture,  long  ago  uttered  by  a  French 
naturalist,  that  the  development  of  all  native  animals,  including  man 
and  his  intellectual  force,  is  continuously  retarded — implying  that 
they  are  all  under  such  climatic  and  other  influences  and  conditions  in 
America,  that  the  total  extinction  of  the  aboriginal  races  must  follow, 
sooner  or  later.  Immigrants  and  their  progeny  are,  of  course,  under 
the  same  natural  influences.  Therefore,  they  also  must  gradually 
become  degraded,  and  finally  extinct  in  the  course  of  an  indefinitely 
long  period.  The  natives  of  all  localities  on  the  inhabited  earth  not 
being  alike,  equal  in  their  physical  and  mental  endowments,  an  im- 
plication from  the  Frenchman's  conjecture  is  that  the  native  mind 
here  will  never  grow  enough  to  be  properly  arranged  in  the  highest 
class — that  its  palpable  manifestations  in  any  sense,  are  not  likely  to 
rival  fairly  or  excel  those  of  mind  grown  in  Europe — chiefly  in  Ger- 
many and  Great  Britain — which  is  ours  ancestorily,  and  assumed  to 
be  the  preeminent  mind  of  the  world.  The  quality  of  work  of  all 
kinds,  philosophical,  literary,  mechanical,  executed  in  past  or  present 
times,  may  be  adduced  as  evidence  of  the  superior  intellectual  char- 
acter of  those  people.  If  facts  sustain  this  notion,  it  may  be  well  to 
learn  what  they  are;  for  truth — often  the  sole  reward  of  that  love  of 
truth  which  prompts    quest  of  truth    for  the  truth's  sake — should 


Vlll  PREFACE, 

always  be  sought.  Whatever  it  may  be,  ignorance  or  knowledge  of 
it  cannot  alter  any  relative  condition.  Proper  scrutiny  is  likely  to 
prove  the  conjecture  wholly  untenable.  In  that  event  the  time  will 
come  when  native  Americans  will  paint  original  pictures,  make 
statues,  write  and  enact  original  dramas  and  operas,  cast  chiming 
church  bells,  and  do  whatever  need  or  taste  may  suggest,  as  perfectly 
as  any  other  people  ;  and  then  the  names  of  eminent  native  Ameri- 
cans may  be  often  found  on  the  lists  of  foreign  members  of  learned 
societies  of  the  first  class  in  Europe. 

The  roll  shows  that  of  the  496  fellows  elected,  29  have  resigned, 
24  have  forfeited  fellowship  by  neglecting  to  pay  in  due  time  their 
annual  contributions  under  the  law,  and  208  have  died  fellows  of 
the  college,  leaving  235  living,  of  whom  29  are  non-resident,  and, 
therefore,  exempt  from  contributions. 

Of  the  64  American  associate  fellows  elected,  84  have  died ;  and 
of  the  30  foreign  associate  felloAvs  elected,  15  are  dead.  There  are 
five  corresponding  members. 

In  his  quest  for  information  on  many  points  the  compiler  has  been 
helped  in  his  work.     He  takes  pleasure  in  acknowledging  himself 
indebted  to  the  Rev.  Jesse  Y.  Burke,  Secretary  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania ;  to  the  late  Lloyd  P.  Smith,  Librarian  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Library  Company,  and  Mr.  Kumford    Samuels,  Assistant 
Librarian  in   the   Ridgway  Branch ;  to   Mr.    Frederick  D.    Stone, 
Librarian  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania ;  to  ^Ir.  John 
Edmands,  Librarian  of  the  Mercantile  Librar^^;  to  Dr.  Joseph  M. 
I    Toner,  of  Washington,  D,  C. ;  to  Mr.  Thompson  Westcott,  of  Phila- 
^  I    delphia;    to  Mr.   Charles  J.  Fisher,  Assistant  Librarian,  and  Miss 
'     Emily  Thomas,  his  aid,  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  as  well  as  to 
many  fellows  of  the  college. 

1932  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia,  Xov.  1887. 


AN  ACCOUNT 


INSTITUTION  OF  THE  COLLEGE  OF  PHYSICIANS  OF 
PHILADELPHIA. 

By 

W.  S.  W.  RUSCHENBERGER,  M.D. 

[Read  October  6,  1886.] 


The  formation  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia  has 
not  been  traced  to  any  one  member  of  the  profession.  Its  genesis 
began  before  the  middle  and  during  the  closing  half  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  and  within  the  first  decade  of  our  national  life. 

Under  the  provincial  government,  society  in  Philadelphia  was 
essentially  as  refined  and  cultivated  as  it  is  in  the  present  day.  Then 
as  now,  men  of  high  order  of  intellect,  character,  and  education  were 
among  its  citizens.  They  influenced  others  to  join  in  enterprises  to 
provide  for  the  public  wants  of  the  young  and  growing  community, 
as  rapidly  as  means  permitted.  Societies  were  formed  for  charitable 
and  other  uses.  The  Philadelphia  Library  Company  (1731);  the 
American  Philosophical  Society  (1743);  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 
(1752);  the  College  of  Philadeli^hia  (1755);  the  Medical  School 
(1765) ;  the  American  Medical  Society  (1773) ;  an  Abolition  Society, 
1774  (which  increased  its  membership  and  enlarged  its  purposes  in 
1787);  the  Humane  Society,  for  resuscitation  of  drowned  persons 
(1780);^  a  Society  for  Promoting  Agriculture  (1785);  the  Philadel- 

^  The  phj^sicians  of  the  Humane  Society,  August,  1787,  were  John  Jones, 
President;  Benjamin  Rush,  Benjamin  DufBeld,  Caspar  Wistar,  Samuel  P. 
Griffitts,  J.  R.  B.  Rodgers. — American  Museum,  1787. 

1 


2  RUSCHENBERGER, 

phia  Dispensary  (1786) ;  and  the  United  Company  for  Promoting 
Manufactures,  before  which  Robert  Stretel  Jones,  Esq.,  delivered  an 
oration,  March,  1777  ; '  are  indicative  of  the  active  public  spirit  of  the 
period. 

Institutions  for  the  common  welfare,  though  designed  for  the  attain- 
ment of  different  objects,  are  in  some  sense  akin.  The  establishment 
of  one  leads  to  the  setting  up  of  another.  The  experience  of  one 
lends  help  to  another,  in  the  way  of  example ;  possibly  observation 
and  comparison  of  methods  of  conduct  in  the  older  organizations 
may  teach  the  juniors  the  wisdom  of  administration.  In  such  aspect, 
corporate  bodies  seem  to  have  a  pedigree,  direct  and  collateral,  like 
men. 

We  are  told,  for  example,  that  in  his  boyhood  Benjamin  Franklin 
had  probably  been  present  with  his  father  at  meetings  of  some  of  the 
Boston  Benefit  Societies,  devised  by  Cotton  Mather,^  and  that,  at 
Philadelphia  in  the  autumn  of  1727,  imitating  their  plan  he  formed 
most  of  his  ingenious  acquaintances  (mostly  journeyman  mechanics 
like  himself  at  that  time)  into  the  famous  club  called  the  Junto,  the 
declared  purpose  of  which  was  the  improvement  of  its  members  and 
their  fellow-citizens  in  virtue  and  practical  wisdom.  The  Junto  Avas 
restricted  to  twelve  members,  and  their  proceedings  were  designed  to 
be  kept  secret.  But  attractive  whisperings  about  them  got  out,  and 
"  caused  frequent  applications  for  admission  to  the  charmed  circle  of 
the  leather-aproned  philosophers.  The  founder  of  the  club  at  length 
proposed  that  each  member  of  the  Junto  should  form  a  subordinate 
club  (another  idea  from  Cotton  ^Mather),  Avhich  should  report  its  pro- 
ceedings to  the  parent  society,  and  thus  extend  the  area  of  its  in- 
fluence. Five  or  six  of  these  subordinate  clubs  were  formed,  which 
were  called  by  such  names  as  the  Vine,  the  Union,  and  the  Hand."' 

The  Junto  met  every  Friday  evening  at  tavern,  or  ale-house, 
during  the  first  three  years  of  the  club's  existence,  but  afterward  "in 
a  little  room  of  Mr.  Grace's  set  apart  for  that  purpose."  Sometimes 
the  grave  proceedings  were  enlivened  with  wine  and  songs,  some  of 

'  Columbian  Magazine,  vol.  5,  p.  175. 

*  Life  and  Times  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  by  James  Parton.     London,  New 
York,  and  Philadelphia,  18G4.     Vol.  i.  p.  154. 

*  Parton's  Life  and  Times  of  Benjamin  Franklin. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.      3 

which  were  written  and  sung  by  Franklin  himself.  After  the  club 
was  established  in  the  house  of  Mr.  Robert  Grace,  who  was  one  of  the 
members,  Franklin  suggested,  in  1730,  that  as  their  books  were  often 
referred  to  in  their  discussions,  it  would  be  well  for  the  sake  of  con- 
venience to  keep  all  their  books  where  they  met,  and  in  this  way 
give  each  the  advantage  of  using  the  books  of  all  the  other  members.^ 

The  plan  of  the  Philadelphia  Library  Company,  which  he  pub- 
lished early  in  1731,  was  an  outcome  of  this  idea. 

The  Junto,  long  known  in  Philadelphia  as  the  leathern  apron  club, 
continued  during  many  years.  When  the  activity  of  its  members 
abated  or  ceased,  it  seems  that  the  name  was  assumed  by  others,  and 
a  new  Junto  was  formed  probably  in  February,  1750,  which  revised 
its  rules  and  changed,  its  title,  December,  1766,  to  "  The  American 
Society  for  Promoting  and  Propagating  Useful  Knowledge,  held  at 
Philadelphia,"  and  enlarged  its  roll  of  members. 

May  25,  1743,  Benjamin  Franklin  issued  a  circular,  entitled  "A 
Proposal  for  Promoting  Useful  Knowledge  among  the  British  Planta- 
tions in  America,"  in  which  he  recommended  "that  one  society  be 
formed  of  virtuosi,  or  ingenious  men,  residing  in  the  several  colonies, 
to  be  called  The  American  Philosophical  Society."  It  is  supposed 
that  the  proposition  had  been  discussed  in  the  original  Junto.  The 
Society  was  formed  in  accordance  with  the  plan  submitted,  but  after 
some  years  became  inactive.  About  the  year  1767  it  was  revived 
and  carried  on  with  much  spirit. 

It  was  proposed  in  1768  to  unite  The  American  Society  and  The 
American  Philosophical  Society,  under  the  name  of  The  American 
Philosophical  Society  held  at  Philadelphia  for  Promoting  Useful 
Knowledge.  The  terms  of  union  were  agreed  upon.  The  spirit  of 
the  ancient  Junto  transmigrated  from  the  dead  corporations  into  the 
new  organization,  and,  as  if  in  commemoration  of  its  ancestry,  its 
stated  meetings  have  been  held  ever  since  on  Friday,  as  were  those 
of  the  first  Junto  as  well  as  of  all  its  offspring. 

The  purpose  of  this  organization  was  very  broad — to  foster  the 

'  Autobiography  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  edited  from  his  manuscript,  with 
notes  and  an  introduction  by  John  Bigelow.  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.,  Philadel- 
phia, 18G8. 


4  RUSCHENBERGER, 

cultivation  of  all  useful  knowledge.  The  Tranmctioyis  show  that 
attention  was  given  to  questions  in  physics,  natural  history,  medicine, 
until  institutions  for  each  special  subject  gradually  narroAved  the  field. 
This  sort  of  segregation  continues  in  every  grand  department  of 
science,  very  considerably  abating  the  activity  of  those  societies 
which  were  established  to  encourage  the  pursuit  of  one  great  subject 
in  all  its  branches.  The  special  seems  to  be  everywhere  superseding 
general  science. 

On  Friday,  January  2,  1769,  the  new  society  held  its  first  meet- 
ing,^ at  which  Dr.  Franklin  was  elected  President,  and  Dr.  Thomas 
Cadwalader,  Dr.  Thomas  Bond,  and  Joseph  Galloway,  Esq.,  Vice- 
Presidents.  The  total  number  of  members  then  was  251,  of  whom 
124  resided  in  the  city  and  county.  Seventeen  of  them  were  among 
the  founders  of  the  College  of  Physicians. 

At  that  time  the  American  Philosophical  Society  had  no  perma- 
nent abode.  Its  meetings  were  held  sometimes  in  the  State  House, 
sometimes  at  the  house  of  a  member,  but  more  frequently  in  the 
building  known  at  different  times  as  the  Academy,  the  College  of 
Philadelphia,  the  University ;  the  apartment  in  which  the  Society 
usually  met  was  commonly  called  Philosophical  Hall. 

The  building  which  it  now  occupies  (lO-l  South  Fifth  Street)  was 
so  far  advanced  in  construction  that  the  Society  met  in  it  for  the 
first  time  Nov.  21,  1789.- 

Another  example  of  institutional  heredity  may  be  cited,  which  has 
connection  with  the  College  of  Physicians. 

We  are  told  that,  perceiving  the  lack  of  provision  for  a  complete 
education,  as  neither  college  nor  high  school  existed  in  the  Province, 
Benjamin  Franklin,  in  1743,  devised  a  plan  for  an  academy  and 
confided  its  realization  to  the  Rev.  Richard  Peters.  He  did  not 
attempt  to  execute  the  project.     In  1749,  Franklin  recurred  to  it 

'  Discourse  of  Dr.  Robert  M.  Patterson,  at  the  Celebration  of  the  Hundredth 
Anniversary,  May  25,  1843,  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society,  held  at  Philadelphia  for  promoting  useful  knowledge,  vol.  iii.  No.  27, 
May  25-30,  1843. 

*  Commemoration  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Incorporation  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society.  Address  of  the  President,  Frederick  Fralev, 
LL.D. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OP    PHILADELPHIA.      5 

and  secured  the  cooperation  of  friends.  Twenty-four  gentlemen 
associated  together  as  a  Board  of  Trustees,  formed  rules  for  the  con- 
duct of  the  proposed  institution,  and  signed  them  Nov.  13,  1749. 
The  next  day  they  subscribed  money  liberally  among  themselves  to 
carry  on  the  work. 

In  December,  1749,  they  procured  a  lot  and  a  large  church  build- 
ing, covering  an  area  of  70  by  120  feet,  which  had  been  constructed 
thereon  for  the  use  of  the  Rev.  George  Whitfield,  a  celebrated  "  New- 
light"  Presbyterian  preacher,  near  the  southwest  corner  of  Fourth 
and  Arch  Streets.  Alterations  were  made  in  the  edifice  to  adapt  it 
properly  to  its  new  purposes,  and,  in  1751,  the  pupils,  who  from 
1750  had  been  taught  in  private  houses,  were  introduced  into  the 
building,  known  from  that  time  as  "The  Academy."  Here  they 
were  taught  by  three  masters  aided  by  ushers,  Latin,  English,  and 
mathematics.  They  numbered  "little  short  of  300,"  April  5,  1752  ;^ 
and  Richard  Peters  wrote  to  a  friend,  1753,  that  the  Academy  was 
in  great  repute,  and  had  165  boys  from  neighboring  colonies.^ 

"■  The  Trustees  of  the  Academy  and  Charitable  School  in  the 
Province  of  Pennsylvania, "  were  incorporated  July  13,  1753. 

The  Proprietors  granted  an  additional  charter  INIay  14,  1755,  in 
which  the  style  of  the  board  was  changed  to  "  The  Trustees  of  the 
College,  Academy  and  Charitable  School  of  Philadelphia,"  reciting 
and  confirming  all  the  franchises  and  powers  of  the  first,  with  the 
further  power  of  conferring  degrees.^ 

At  the  first  Commencement  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  May 
17,  1757,  there  were  seven  graduates,  one  of  whom  Avas  John  Mor- 
gan. 

In  1762,  an  additional  building  was  erected  on  the  lot,  designed 
in  part  as  a  residence  of  pupils  whose  homes  were  not  in  the  city. 

^  Pennsylvania  Letters,  Portfolio,  January,  1813. 

2  John  F.  Watson,  MS.  Annals  of  Philadelphia,  p.  76.  Collection  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

'  For  a  description  and  an  account  of  the  Academy  and  College  of  Philadel- 
phia in  detail,  see  The  American  Magazine  and  Monthly  Chronicle  of  the 
British  Colonies,  vol.  i.,  from  October,  1757,  to  October,  1758.  By  a  Society  of 
Gentlemen.  Printed  and  sold  by  Thomas  Bradford,  at  the  corner  house  at 
Front  and  Market  Streets.     Pp.  630-641. 


6  RUSCHENBERGER, 

Upon  the  plant  rooted  in  these  premises  was  grafted  the  first 
medical  school  in  the  country  which,  in  time,  grew  to  be  the  most 
fruitful  and  renowned  of  its  branches. 

Immediately  after  his  return  from  Europe,  Dr.  John  ^Morgan  sub- 
mitted to  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  a 
scheme  of  medical  professorships,  to  be  added  to  the  College.  His 
communication  was  accompanied  by  letters  from  the  Hon.  Thomas 
Penn  and  others  in  England,  recommending  the  Doctor  and  his 
plan.  At  the  time,  Thomas  Bond,  Phineas  Bond,  Thomas  Cad- 
walader,  William  Shippen,  Sr.,  and  John  Redman — five  prominent 
physicians — were  of  the  Board.  The  Trustees  adopted  the  proposed 
plan  May  3,  1765,  and  appointed  Dr.  Morgan  professor  of  the 
theory  and  practice  of  medicine. 

At  the  Annual  Commencement  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia, 
held  May  30  and  31,  1765,  Dr.  Morgan  delivered  an  appropriate 
"Discourse  upon  the  Institution  of  Medical  Schools  in  America." 

Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  who  had  given  three  successive  courses 
of  lectures  on  anatomy,  the  first  beginning  November  26,  1762,  was 
appointed  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery,  September  17,  1765. 
The  Provost  of  the  College,  the  five  physicians  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  and  the  two  professors  united  and  formed  a  code  of  rules 
for  the  new  establishment.^ 

The  two  professors  delivered  their  introductory  lectures  Novem- 
ber 18,  1765.  In  addition  to  the  practice  of  medicine.  Dr.  Morgan 
taught  materia  medica  and  read  lectures  on  chemistry  for  three  years, 
and  Dr.  Shippen,  besides  anatomy  and  surgery,  taught  midwifery. 

In  1768,  Dr.  Adam  Kuhn  was  elected  professor  of  materia  medica 
and  botany;  and  Dr.  Thomas  Bond^  (who  was  one  of  the  physicians 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  which  was  started  in  a  rented  house 

'  Eulogiura  on  Doctor  William  Shippen,  delivered  before  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians of  Philadelphia,  March,  1809.  By  Doctor  Caspar  Wistar,  one  of  the 
Censors.  Published  May,  1818,  after  Dr.  Wistar's  death.  Vol.  8,  Pamphlets, 
Libr.  Coll.  of  Phys.  Phila. 

Both  Drs.  Morgan  and  Shippen  seem  to  have  used  the  word  "school  "  as  a 
synonyme  of  the  word  profes.=orship. 

*  History  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.     By  George  B.  Wood,  M.D. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.      7 

on  the  south  side  of  Market  Street  west  of  Fifth,  in  February,  1752) 
professor  of  clinical  medicine. 

The  next  year,  1769,  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush,  on  his  return  from 
Europe,  Avas  appointed  professor  of  chemistry,  chiefly  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  Dr.  William  Cullen,  of  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
conveyed  in  a  letter  to  Dr.  John  Morgan.^ 

At  the  first  medical  commencement  held  in  America,  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Medicine  was  conferred  by  the  College  of  Philadel- 
phia on  ten  of  its  students,  June  21, 1768.*  This  notable  ceremony 
took  place  in  the  building  of  the  College  on  Fourth  south  of  Arch 
Street.^ 

All  the  medical  professors  could  not  be  accommodated  in  the  col- 
lege buildings.  Apartments  suitable  for  teaching  anatomy  had  been 
constructed  by  Dr.  Shippen,  1762—63,  for  the  use  of  his  private 
classes,  in  the  rear  of  his  father's  residence  on  Fourth  Street  north 
of  Market.  The  entrance  to  them  was  by  an  alley- way  from  Market 
Street  Avest  of  Fourth  Street.  After  he  was  installed  professor  he 
taught  the  college  classes  in  these  rooms  until  Anatomical  Hall  was 
built. 

That  building,  a  picture  of  which  is  among  Bii'clis  Views  of 
Philadelphia,  published  in  1799,  stood  on  Fifth  Street,  112  feet  north 
of  Walnut  Street.  The  Commonwealth  conveyed  the  piece  of  land 
on  which  it  stood  to  the  University  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
September  22,  1785. 

1  In  the  Rush  Manuscripts,  Eidgeway  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  Library, 
vol.  24,  p.  64,  is  a  copy  of  the  letter  from  Dr.  William  Cullen,  Edinburgh,  Sep- 
tember 18,  1768,  to  Dr.  .John  Morgan,  recommending  the  appointment  of  Dr. 
Rush  to  the  chair  of  chemistry. 

2  History  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
By  Joseph  Carson,  M.D.,  Philadelphia,  1869. 

^  On  the  site  of  the  old  building  is  a  tall  structure  which,  until  very  recently 
— 1886 — was  occupied  as  a  shoe  factory. 

The  building  known  as  the  Academy,  as  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  as  the 
University  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and  as  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, was  erected  in  1740,  by  those  who  seceded  from  the  Presbyterian  Church 
to  follow  "  the  new  light  "  teaching  of  the  Rev.  George  "Whitfield.  The  lot 
was  198  by  150  feet.  The  church  edifice,  which  was  70  by  120  feet,  stood  66 
feet  west  of  Fourth  Street,  between  Market  and  Arch  Streets.  See  A  Picture 
of  Philadelphia.     By  James  Mease,  M.D.,  Philadelphia,  1811. 


8  RUSCHENBERGER, 

Anatomical  Hall,  sometimes  called  the  Laboratory,  was  in  use 
several  years  after  the  University,  in  1802,  took  possession  of  the 
premises  on  Ninth  Street  north  of  Chestnut.  About  April,  1806, 
it  was  rented  to  the  Board  of  Health,  which  occupied  the  first  floor 
and  sublet  the  second,  April  1,  1807,  for  five  years  to  Drs.  Thomas 
C.  James  and  Nathaniel  Chapman. 

In  1840,  the  house  No,  131  South  Fifth  Street,  took  its  place. 

The  Philadelphia  Dispensary,  instituted  April  12,  1786,  is  some 
feet  north  of  the  site  of  Anatomical  Hall.  The  attending  physicians 
of  the  Dispensai'y,  then  first  appointed,  were  Samuel  P.  Griffitts, 
John  Morris,  AVilliam  Clarkson,  John  R.  B.  Rogers,  Caspar  Wistar, 
and  Michael  Leib ;  and  the  consulting  physicians  and  surgeons  were 
John  Jones,  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  Adam  Kuhn,  and  Benjamin  Rush, 
all  of  them  Fellows  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  in  1787. 

The  Medical  School  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia  begun  in  1765, 
continued  in  operation  till  June  1, 1777,  when  all  the  departments  of 
the  College  were  closed'  in  consequence  of  the  occupation  of  the  city 
by  the  British  army,  and  were  not  opened  again  till  September  25, 
1778 — sixteen  months. 

November  27,  1779,  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania  incorporated 
the  University  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  for  which  a  Board  of 
Trustees  was  appointed,  abrogated  the  charter  of  the  college,  dis- 
missed its  officers,  confiscated  all  its  possessions,  and  transferred 
them  with  other  confiscated  estates  to  the  new  institution. 

The  reasons  assigned  for  this  radical  measure  were  that  the  charter 
of  the  college  required  its  trustees  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
the  Sovereign  of  Great  Britain,  and  that  some  of  them  had  been  and 
were  actively  hostile  to  the  interests  of  America,  giving  aid  and  com- 
fort to  the  enemy. 

The  trustees  of  the  new  university  held  their  first  meeting  in  De- 
cember, 1779,  organized  the  board  and  filled  several  of  the  professor- 
ships. There  was  difficulty  in  establishing  the  medical  department. 
Temporary  arrangements  were  made  which  prevented  its  suspension. 
In  the  autumn  of  1783,  however,  those  who  had  been  professors  of 
the  College  of  Philadelphia  accepted  appointments  from  the  Univer- 

^  Minutes  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.       9 

sity  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  The  conduct  and  progress  of  the 
new  institution  were  satisfactory  ;  but  the  trustees  and  friends  of  the 
extinct  College  of  Philadelphia  did  not  acquiesce  and  rest  passively 
under  the  sequestration  of  their  charter  and  property. 

At  their  instance,  no  doubt,  the  Legislature  enacted  a  law,  March 

6,  1789,  by  a  great  majority^  Avhich  reinstated  the  College  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  restored  to  it  all  its  estates,  franchises,  and  privileges. 
The  University  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  was  ejected  from  the 
premises,  but  retained  the  other  confiscated  properties  which  had 
been  given  to  it.  Rooms  in  the  new  hall  of  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society  were  leased  in  March,  1789,  and  the  institution  con- 
tinued in  operation. 

Three  days  after  this  act  of  restoration^  fourteen  of  the  twenty- 
four  original  Trustees  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia  met  March  9, 
1789,  at  the  residence  of  Dr.  Franklin,  and  filled  the  vacancies  in 
the  board  caused  by  death  or  desertion  during  the  revolution.  In 
the  course  of  a  month  or  two  the  schools  were  again  opened,  and  the 
college  was  again  in  full  operation. 

It  soon  became  apparent  that  the  separate  existence  of  the  two  in- 
stitutions was  incompatible  with  the  successful  progress  of  either. 
For  such  reason  they  agreed  to  combine.  An  act  was  obtained  from 
the  Legislature,  September  30,  1791,  which  united  the  two  corpora- 
tions under  the  title  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

This  outline  of  the  pedigree  of  the  first  medical  school  established 
in  America  may  indicate  the  associations  and  site  of  its  origin.  The 
locality  of  an  important  event,  such  as  a  great  battle,  long  retains  a 
vague  attractiveness.  The  birthplace  of  an  illustrious  man  has  an 
interest  for  those  who  appreciate  his  work  which  lasts  for  ages  after 
his  death.  For  such  reason  it  may  be  pleasing  to  remember  that 
within  the  walls  of  the  old  Academy,  where  the  medical  school  was 
born,  the  College  of  Physicians  was  organized,  and  held  its  stated 
meetings  during  several  years. 

1  The  act  restoring  its  franchises,  etc.,  to  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  was 
passed  March  4,  1789,  by  yeas  44,  nays  18.     See  Pennsylvania  Packet,  March 

7,  1798,  Proceedings  of  the  General  Assembly. 

^  Minutes  of  the  Trustees  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 
History  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.     By  George  B.  Wood,  M.D.,  etc. 


? 


10  RUSCUENBERGER, 

Besides  its  connection  witli  the  institution  first  established  in  the 
Province  of  Pennsylvania,  the  College  of  Physicians  is  related — in 
a  remote  degree,  however — to  some  of  the  earliest  practitioners. 

The  physicians  who  came  to  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania  with 
the  first  settlers  in  1682,  were  Thomas  AVynne  and  .(grriflfith  Owen, 
both  Welshmen.        ♦       ; 

Dr.  AVynne  is  said  to  have"  practised  in  London  with  reputation, 
but  he  soon  engaged  in  the  political  affairs  of  the  colony,  and  died  ten 
years  after  his  arrival  in  Philadelphia.  Edward  Jones,  of  Merion, 
a  pupil  and  son-in-law  of  Dr.  \Yynne,  educated  his  son,  Evan,  in 
medicine.  Evan  became  the  preceptor  of  Thomas  Cadwalader,  who 
in  turn  assisted  in  teaching  John  Jones,  a  son  of  Evan,  who  was  the 
first  Vice-President  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia. 

Griffith  Owen,  who  was  highly  respected  for  his  talents,  integrity, 
and  spirit,  seems  to  have  been  the  leading  practitioner  in  the  city. 
He  died  in  1717,  at  the  age  of  about  seventy  years.  In  this  same 
year  Dr.  Graeme,  a  man  of  excellent  education  and  agreeable  manners, 
of  about  thirty  years  of  age,  came  from  Great  Britain  with  the  Gov- 
ernor, Sir  William  Keith.  He  obtained  the  confidence  and  respect 
of  his  fellow  colonists,  and  consequently  a  good  practice.  He  was 
preceded,  however,  during  a  considerable  time  by  Dr.  John  Kearsley, 
who  came  in  quest  of  professional  business. 

Dr.  Kearsley  was  for  a  long  time  a  very  industrious  practitioner  of 
medicine  and  surgery.  The  building  of  Christ  Church  is  ascribed 
lai'gely  to  his  personal  attention  and  influence.  He  founded  and  en- 
dowed Christ  Church  Hospital  for  poor  widows. 

He  was  the  professional  master  of  Dr.  John  Redman,  the  first 
President  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  as  well  as  of 
the  worthy  Dr.  John  Bard,  of  New  York. 

At  the  time  these  gentlemen  flourished,  the  number  of  residents 
in  the  city  Avas  not  great.  The  population  of  Philadelphia,  in  July, 
1750,  was  estimated  at  16,000 ;  according  to  the  census  made  by 
Lord  Cornwallis,  in  1777,  it  was  23,784;'  and  in  1785  at  about 
25,000.  The  first  census  of  the  United  States  was  taken  in  1790, 
then  the  population  of  the  County  of  Philadelphia  was  54,391. 

^  Pennsylvania  Letters,  Portfolio,  vol.  1.     Philadelphia,  1813. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        11 

In  the  provincial  times  and  long  afterward,  people  generally  asked 
the  advice  of  a  physician  only  after  domestic  remedies  had  foiled,  or 
when  surgical  aid  was  needed,  or  in  cases  of  difficult  childbirth. 

Before  the  establishment  of  the  medical  department  of  the  College 
of  Philadelphia,  the  colonist  who  sought  a  medical  career  was  bound 
apprentice  to  some  well-known  practitioner — the  fame  of  the  physi- 
cians of  the  city  brought  them  many  apprentices  from  distant  points 
— and  worked  and  studied  under  his  directions  six  years,  and  then 
went  to  England  or  Scotland  to  complete  his  education.  John 
Morgan  and  Benjamin  Rush,  for  example,  served  an  apprenticeship 
of  six  years  with  Dr.  John  Redman,  and  then  went  to  Europe  to 
finish  their  studies. 

Some  from  lack  of  means  to  follow  this  course  at  the  end  of  their 
apprenticeship,  without  other  qualifications  than  those  derived  from 
the  instructions  of  the  master,  in  compounding  his  prescriptions,  and 
witnessing  his  treatment  of  cases,  at  once  began  to  practise,  the  title 
of  doctor  coming  to  them  directly  from  the  people  without  diploma 
fee.  They  were  successful  and  respected;  some  of  them  were  dis- 
tinguished in  the  community.  It  is  pleasant  to  cite  two  of  them 
here. 

One  of  the  apprentices  of  Dr.  John  Kearsley,  Dr.  Lloyd  Zachary, 
who  began  to  practise  medicine  between  1720  and  1730,  died  in  the 
year  1756,  having  received  all  his  education  in  this  city.  He  was 
greatly  and  deservedly  respected.  He  was  among  the  founders  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  and  a 
liberal  contributor  to  both  institutions.  He  and  Drs.  Thomas  and 
Phineas  Bond  were  the  physicians  first  appointed  to  the  hospital. 

Dr.  William  Shippen,  the  elder,  who  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
October  1,  1712,  and  died  November  4,  1801,  was  one  of  the  many 
apprentices  of  Dr.  John  Kearsley,  represented  to  have  been  a  very 
rigorous  master.  Though  restricted  to  the  educational  resources  of 
the  city,  Dr.  Shippen  held  equal  professional  rank  with  his  contem- 
poraries in  public  estimation,  and  actively  participated  Avith  them  in 
promoting  the  interests  of  public  institutions.^ 

1  In  his  Eulogium  on  Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  Dr.  Wistar  s&ys,  "Dr. 
Shippen,  Senior,  was  educated  wholly  in  Philadelphia Yet  by  the 


12  RUSCHENBERGER, 

On  his  return  from  Europe  Dr.  Thomas  Cadwalacler  (a  grandson 
of  Edward  Jones,  of  Morion),  who  had  studied  anatomy  with  Chesel- 
den,  "made  dissections  and  demonstrations,  1752,  for  the  instruction 
of  Dr.  Shippen,  the  elder,  and  some  others  who  had  not  been 
abroad."  This  was  probably  the  first  work  of  the  kind  ever  done  in 
Pennsylvania.^ 

Dr.  William  Shippen,  the  elder,  it  is  stated,  applied  himself  at  an 
early  age  to  the  study  of  medicine,  for  "  which  he  had  a  remarkable 
genius,  possessing  that  kind  of  instinctive  knowledge  of  diseases 
which  cannot  be  acquired  from  books."  Being  congratulated  upon 
the  success  of  his  practice,  he  replied,  "My  friend  !  Nature  does  a 
great  deal,  and  the  grave  covers  up  our  mistakes."  Animated  by  a 
patriotic  desire  to  remedy  the  then  lack  of  means  for  medical  educa- 
tion in  the  colonies,  he  trained  his  son  to  the  profession,  sent  him  to 
Europe,  and  on  his  return,  in  1762,  encouraged  him  to  deliver  a 
series  of  lectures  on  anatomy.  He  thus  prepared  the  way  to  the 
establishment  of  the  first  medical  school  in  America. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Continental  Congress  by  the 
Assembly  of  Pennsylvania,  November  20,  1778,  and  reelected  No- 
vember 13,  1779.  He  devoted  himself  to  the  duties  of  his  office, 
and  won  general  approbation. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society  from 
November,  1767  ;  and  a  vice-president  in  1779-80.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  he  was  a 
member  nearly  sixty  years.  His  mode  of  living  was  simple ;  he 
had  tasted  neither  wine  nor  spirits  until  his  last  illness.     It  was  said 

force  of  his  native  genius,  he  rose  to  a  very  respectable  rank  among  his  col- 
leagues, who  had  the  benefit  of  education  in  Europe  on  a  liberal  and  extensive 
plan."  See  Pamphlets,  vol.  8  ;  Library  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

1  The  Eclectic  Eepertory  and  Analytical  Eeview,  vol.  viii.  Philadelphia, 
1818. 

It  is  stated  in  a  note,  p.  14,  Biographia  Americana,  by  a  gentleman  of  Phila- 
delphia, published  by  D.  Mallory,  New  York,  1825,  that  "  in  1750  Dr.  John 
Bard  dissected  the  body  of  Hermanus  Carroll,  who  had  been  executed  for 
murder;  and  injected  the  bloodvessels  for  the  use  of  his  pupils."  Dr.  John 
Bard  was  the  first  to  teach  anatomy  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  by  demonstra- 
tion. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        13 

that  his  temper  was  never  ruffled,  and  that  his  benevolence  was 
without  stint. ^ 

In  those  times  there  were  few  apothecaries.  Christopher  Marshall, 
who  was  a  retired  druggist  when  the  War  of  Independence  began, 
was  succeeded  in  the  business  in  turn  by  several  of  his  name — lineal 
descendants — all  reputable  men.  Sharp  and  William  Delaney  were 
long  established  at  the  sign  of  the  Fothergill  Head,  on  the  west  side 
of  Second  Street  between  Chestnut  and  Market  Streets,  and  sold 
drugs  and  medicines.  Those  were  prominent  names  in  the  trade. 
The  names  of  ten  druggists  are  in  the  City  Directory  of  1785. 

Physicians,  aided  by  their  apprentices,  dispensed  whatever  medi- 
cines they  prescribed.  Dr.  Rush  imported  from  London  the  drugs 
used  in  his  own  business.  Other  practitioners  probably  did  the 
same. 

It  js  related  that  Dr.  Rush,  during  the  prevalence  of  yellow  fever 
in  1793,  kept  three  of  his  apprentices  employed,  night  and  day,  in 
putting  up  powders  of  calomel  and  jalap — "ten  and  ten" — or 
calomel  and  rhubarb,  which  he  gave  to  his  fever  patients.  He 
asserted,  substantially,  that  yellow  fever  with  opportune  and  free 
venesection  and  the  use  of  mercury — purging  with  calomel  and  jalap 
— was  as  much  under  control  as  intermittent ;  that  no  case  died  after 
salivation  was  induced.  Dr.  Samuel  P.  Griffitts  was  bled  by  Dr. 
Rush  seven  times  in  five  days,^  and  survived  the  treatment  very 
many  years. 

Many  of  the  inhabited  streets  of  the  small  provincial  city  were 
unpaved.  Their  clayey  soil  softened  on  rainy  days,  adhered  to  the 
shoes  of  pedestrians  and  impeded  their  progress.  Only  the  most 
prosperous  physicians  rode  on  horseback  to  visit  their  patients.  The 
majority  of  practitioners  had  to  go  on  foot  in  all  kinds  of  weather, 
and  at  night  light  their  way  with  a  lantern  in  hand  or  borne  by  a 
servant  in  advance. 

All  through  this  long  period  referred  to  there  were  nostrum 
mongers  and  charlatans  as    now.     A   Dr.   Le   Mayeur  advertised 

*  Thomas  Balch,  The  Pennsylvania  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography, 
Philadelphia,  1877.     Vol.  1,  p.  12. 

*  Rush  MS.,  vol.  36  ;  Ridgeway  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  Library. 


14  RUSCHENBERGER, 

(1784)  that  he  transplanted  teeth,  and  would  give  two  guineas  for 
each  front  tooth  the  owner  would  permit  him  to  draw.^  Dr.  Hugh 
Martin  cured  cancers  Avith  a  purely  vegetable  powder,  which  nobody 
else  knew  how  to  make.  In  popular  estimation  it  was  efficacious. 
Under  a  belief  that  he  had  died  without  confiding  the  secret  of  its 
composition  to  any  person,  Dr.  Rush  procured  from  his  executors  a 
few  ounces  of  the  powder  to  use  in  a  case,  and  endeavored  to  dis- 
cover it ;  he  examined  the  powder  and  reported  to  the  American 
Philosophical  Society  that  it  contained  arsenic. 

Dr.  Martin  had  been  one  of  Dr.  Rush's  apprentices,  and  was  sur- 
geon of  a  Pennsylvania  regiment  at  Fort  Pitt.  He  died  early  in 
1784. 

Dr.  Rush  says  :  "It  gave  me  great  pleasure  to  witness  the  efficacy 
of  the  doctor's  applications.  In  several  cancerous  ulcers  the  cures 
were  complete.  Where  the  cancers  were  connected  with  the.  lym- 
phatic system,  or  accompanied  by  a  scrophulous  habit  of  body,  his 
medicine  always  failed,  and  in  some  instances  did  evident  mischief."* 

There  were  few  if  any  of  those  dazzling  yet  transient  medical 
lights,  so  frequent  now  in  great  cities,  who  may  be  called  charla- 
tanoids.  As  a  rule,  they  are  regularly  trained,  but  not  profoundly 
learned,  charmingly  urbane  doctors  who  observe  the  law,  but  do  not 
despise  those  indirect  ways  which  are  not  absolutely  in  conflict  with 
its  letter.  They  are  known  by  their  showy  equipages  and  liveries, 
as  well  as  by  an  occasional  scientific  or  literary  essay,  nicely  and 
opportunely  prepared  to  please  the  general  readers  of  current  maga- 
zines. The  love  of  the  charlatanoid  for  veracity  is  never  so  rigidly 
exclusive  as  to  prevent  him  from  flirting  with  fiction  whenever  a 
chance  of  substantial  gain  is  discerned. 

But  there  was  no  want  of  self-respecting,  scrupulously  conscientious 
practitioners — some  without  diploma — who  did  all  their  work  faith- 
fully, without  ostentation.  Specialists  were  not  known.  All  were 
general  practitioners,  though  some  were  noted  for  skill  in  particular 

^  Watson's  Annals  of  Philadelphia,  vol.  1. 

*  An  Account  of  the  late  Dr.  Hugh  Martin's  Cancer  Powder,  with  Brief  Ob- 
servations on  Cancer.  By  Benjamin  Bush,  M.D.,  etc.  Read  February  3,  1786. 
—  Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc,  vol.  2,  p.  212. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        15 

lines  of  practice.  They  were  honest,  and  willing  to  increase  and 
diffuse  medical  knowledge. 

The  Philadeljihia  Medical  Society,  the  first  medical  society  estab- 
lished in  the  city,  was  begun,  probably  about  1766  or  1767,  by  Dr. 
John  Morgan  and  others,  including  Drs.  J.  Kearsley,  Jr.,  Gerardus 
Clarkson,  James  A.  Bayard,  Robert  Harris,  and  George  Glentworth. 
No  record  of  its  proceedings  has  been  found.  It  did  not  survive  the 
revolution.^ 

Students  who  came  to  Philadelphia  from  different  parts  of  the 
country  to  attend  medical  lectures,  founded  in  1773  the  American 
Medical  Society.  According  to  its  published  constitution,  it  was  com- 
posed of  senior  and  junior  members.  Stated  meetings  were  held  in 
the  building  of  the  college  every  Monday  evening,  from  the  first 
Monday  in  November  until  the  second  Monday  in  February.  Some 
of  the  papers  read  before  it  were  published;  for  example,  "A  Case  of 
Scrophula.  Read  before  the  American  Medical  Society,  January  7, 
1785,  by  Samuel  Knox,  of  York  Co.,  Pa."  ''  "  Two  Cases  of  Hepa- 
titis. Read  before  the  American  Medical  Society,  January  27, 1787, 
by  John  Purnell,  of  Maryland."^ 

The  officers  of  the  Society,  in  1790,  were  William  Shippen,  M.D., 
President;  William  B.  Duffield,  A.M.,  Vice-President;  Henry  Stuber, 
M.B.,  Treasurer  and  Perpetual  Secretary;  and  John  Baldwin,  A.M., 
Annual  Secretary.^ 

Dr.  Henry  Stuber  died  May,  1792,  at  the  early  age  of  twenty- 
four.  He  seems  to  have  possessed  more  than  average  ability  and 
unusual  attainments.  His  merits  are  related  in  verse  by  John  Swan- 
wick,^  a  poet  of  that  time. 

^  A  History  of  the  ]Medieal  Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
By  Joseph  Carson,  M.D.,  etc. 

The  Philadelphia  Medical  Society,  instituted  in  1789,  was  first  incorporated 
in  1792,  and  rechartered  in  1827. 

^  Columbian  Magazine,  for  July,  1790. 

'  Columbian  Magazine,  for  May,  1790. 

*  Columbian  Magazine,  April,  1790,  vol.  4,  pp.  206-8. 

*  Columbian  Magazine,  May,  1792. 

Poems  on  Several  Occasions.  By  John  .Swanwick,  Esq.,  one  of  the  Kepre- 
sentatives  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  from  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 
16mo.,  Philadelphia,  1797. 

Henry  Stuber  was,  in  1781,  a  pupil  in  the  German  school. 


16  RUSCHENBERGER, 

As  long  as  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania  was  under  the  flag  of 
Great  Britain,  intercourse  between  the  medical  men  of  Philadelphia 
and  those  of  England  and  Scotland  was  very  kindly.  Many  of  them 
had  been  students  in  the  Edinburgh  and  London  schools.  The 
friendships  which  they  had  formed  while  abroad  were  maintained 
long  after  they  returned  home  through  frequent  exchange  of  letters. 
The  medical  school  of  Edinburgh  and  its  professors  were  highly 
esteemed  here.  Their  theories  were  generally  accepted,  and  their 
methods  imitated.  The  War  of  Independence  did  not  sunder  the 
ties  of  professional  brotherhood.  The  College  of  Physicians,  to 
manifest  its  sympathy  on  the  occasion,  appointed,  May  4,  1790,  Dr. 
Rush  to  deliver  an  eulogium  in  honor  of  the  late  Dr.  William  Cullen, 
Professor  of  Physic  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh.^ 

As  soon  as  the  "stars  and  stripes  "  were  recognized  by  the  govern- 
ment of  Great  Britain  as  a  symbol  of  an  independent  nation,  several 
medical  men  of  Philadelphia  visited  the  British  schools.  In  the 
letters  of  some  of  them  statements  are  made  which  are  of  sufficient 
interest  to  be  repeated  now. 

Dr.  James  Hall,  by  advice  of  Dr.  Lettsom,  had  become  a  pupil, 
for  anatomical  instruction  in  London,  of  the  celebrated  surgeon  ]\Ir. 
Cline. 

Dr.  Hall  wrote  to  Dr.  Rush,  October  18,  1 783 :  "  I  was  not  a  little 
surprised  at  the  distinction  they  make  here  in  the  hospitals  between  a 
physician's  and  a  surgeon's  pupil.  I  expected  Avhen  I  had  paid  my 
^50,  that  I  was  entitled  to  every  advantage  the  hospital  afforded ;  and 
when  I  first  became  a  dresser  I  used  to  go  through  the  ward  every  day 
with  a  physician  in  order  to  see  him  prescribe  for  his  patients,  but  I 
was  told  at  last  that  it  was  a  privilege  I  Avas  not  entitled  to  ;  that 
unless  I  paid  a  separate  fee  to  a  physician  I  could  not  be  allowed 

1  An  Eulogium  in  honor  of  the  late  Dr.  William  Cullen,  Professor  of  the 
Practice  of  Physic  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh.  Delivered  before  the 
College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  on  the  9th  of  July,  agreeably  to  their 
vote  on  the  4th  of  May,  1790.  By  Benjamin  Rush,  M.D.,  Professor  of  the 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  College  of  Philadelphia.  Published  by 
order  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia.  Printed  by  Thomas  Dob- 
son,  Philadelphia,  1790. 

Published  also  in  the  Columbian  Magazine. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.      17 

that  advantage.  On  the  other  hand,  a  physician's  pupil  has  no  right 
to  attend  any  of  the  surgical  operations  in  the  hospital.  The  fee  to  a 
physician  is  twenty-two  guineas.  I  was  certain  I  could  not  afford  it. 
Neither  is  it  possible  to  do  the  duties  of  both  without  neglecting  each 
of  them.  Dr.  Crawford  was  last  week  elected  physician  to  St. 
Thomas'  Hospital — perhaps  I  may  get  some  instruction  from  him." 

Again,  March  4,  1784,  he  says  he  is  attending  the  lectures  of 
John  Hunter,  "more  for  the  "name  of  the  thing  than  anything  else  " 
(parenthetically  it  may  be  said  that  this  is  an  unconscious  expres- 
sion of  homage,  a  tribute  to  the  fame  of  John  Hunter).  "'Dr.  Wistar 
lives  in  the  same  house  with  me ;  we  attend  him  together."^ 

Dr.  James  Lyons  states,  London,  September  6,  1784,  that  he  was 
much  indebted  to  Mr.  \Yistar's  friendship  for  the  loan  of  his  notes, 
taken  very  fully  from  the  lectures  of  John  Hunter  last  winter.^ 

Dr.  John  Rodgers  says,  London,  August  9,  1784,  "but  I  am 
somewhat  disappointed  in  my  high-raised  expectations  of  its  medical 
perfections.  I  am  persuaded  that  medicine  is  taught  more  scientifi- 
cally in  Philadelphia  than  in  London,  and  that  our  teachers  are  more 
attentive  to  the  improvement  of  their  pupils  than  they  are  here.  The 
hospitals  here  afford  great  numbers  of  chirurgical  cases,  but  yet  the 
distinction  between  the  physician's  and  surgeon's  pupils  prevents  the 
students  from  seeing  the  prescriptions  of  the  one  and  the  chirurgical 
practice  of  the  other,  and  the  fees  to  accommodate  this  matter  are 
monstrously  enormous." 

Dr.  John  R.  B.  Rodgers  wrote,  London,  July  7,  1784,  Dr.  Grif- 
fitts  "returns  to  Philadelphia  with  a  high  idea  of  our  University; 
he  will  be  able  to  tell  you,  what  he  has  often  told  me,  that  he  has  re- 
ceived more  satisfaction  and  improvement  from  his  medical  masters 
in  Philadelphia  than  anywhere  else."^ 

The  coming  of  the  College  of  Physicians  is  foreshadowed  in  the 
following  extracts : 

Dr.  Francis  Rigby  Brodbelt,  of  Spanish  Town,  Jamaica,  wrote 
June  25,  1783  :  "I  wish  much  to  belong  to  your  Philosophical  Society 
at  Philadelphia,  and  to  be  an  honorary  or  ordinary  fellow  of  your 
College  of  Physicians."* 

1  Rush  MS.,  vol.  7.  "  Rush  MS.,  vol.  9. 

3  Rush  MS.,  vol.  7.  *  Rush  MS.,  vol.  29. 


18  RUSCHENBERGER, 

Dr.  Samuel  Powel  Griffitts  wrote,  Loudon,  August  10,  1783: 
"Your  idea  of  an  American  college  of  physicians  is  what  has  several 
times  occurred  to  me."^ 

Dr.  John  Coakley  Lettsom  says,  London,  September  8,  1783 : 
"I  think  were  I  in  Philadelphia,  I  should  not  only  have  a  Philo- 
sophical Society,  like  our  Royal  Society  or  the  French  Academic  des 
Sciences,  but  likewise  a  medical  college  taking  in  likewise  foreign 
members." 

Again,  September  7,  1785 :  "  When  that  legion  of  Science,  Dr. 
Franklin,  arrives,  which  may  Heaven  permit,  I  hope  he  will  spread 
an  intellectual  shock  throughout  your  continent.  The  season  of  peace 
is  the  harvest  of  science.  Set  your  men  of  science  upon  studying 
your  own  country,  its  native  and  improvable  productions.  Your  re- 
sources would  influence  Europe.  Your  reflections  would  instruct 
her."* 

Dr.  Rush,  who  was  a  free  and  fascinating  talker,  probably  men- 
tioned these  suggestions  to  his  colleagues  of  the  medical  faculty  of 
the  University  of  the  State.  They  knew,  as  well  as  Dr.  Lettsom, 
that  London  had  then  a  College  of  Physicians,  and  that  in  the  popu- 
lation of  the  great  city  a  sufficient  number  of  suitably  qualified  men 
from  which  to  fill  and  recruit  its  membership  could  always  be  found. 
They  may  have  thought  that  what  was  easy  to  do  in  London  might 
be  very  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  in  this,  then  small  community. 
Although  Philadelphia  had  physicians  who  were  peers  of  the  fellows 
of  any  medical  fraternity  in  the  Avorld,  they  were  not  numerous 
enough  to  constitute  an  efficient  and  stable  college.  At  any  rate,  no 
evidence  appears  that  any  one  at  that  time  proposed  to  form  a  society 
exclusively  of  physicians  of  established  reputation. 

The  City  Directory — the  first  ever  issued — which  was  published 
November,  1785,  contains  the  names  of  forty-six  practitioners  of 
medicine  and  surgery  and  two  dentists.  But  they  were  not  all. 
Many,  no  doubt,  resided  beyond  the  city  limits,  in  the  rural  districts, 
and  were  not  included  in  this  directory.  The  total  number  of  persons 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  in  the  county  was  possibly  not 

1  Kush  MS.,  vol.  21.  2  Rush  MS.,  vol.  28. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.      19 

less  than  sixty.     Some  of  them  were  at  the  time  members  of  the 
American  Medical  Society. 

The  idea  of  a  College  of  Physicians  seems  to  have  been  in  shape 
of  rumor  for  some  time  before  an  attempt  to  realize  it  was  made. 
No  record  has  been  found  which  precisely  fixes  the  day  of  its  begin- 
ning. 

The  archives  of  the  College  contain  a  copy  of  the  first  address  of 
the  first  president,  but  the  date  of  its  delivery  is  not  given ;  a  copy 
of  the  first  constitution,  also  without  date ;  and  a  record  of  minutes 
of  proceedings  at  the  meetings,  beginning  January  2,  1787,  and  con- 
tinued ever  since.  The  first  Tuesday  of  every  month  was  appointed 
for  the  stated  meetings. 

At  the  meeting  January  2,  1787,  nine  senior  and  four  junior 
fellows  were  present. 

Drs.  Benjamin  Rush,  Benjamin  Duffield,  and  Samuel  P.  Griffitts 
were  appointed  a  committee  to  prepare  a  form  of  diploma  or  certificate 
of  membership,  and  a  device  of  a  seal  for  the  College. 

The  constitution,  with  an  invitation  to  the  friends  of  medical  science 
for  communications,  was  ordered  to  be  published  in  the  newspapers. 

A  fair  copy  of  the  constitution  was  presented  and  signed  by  the 
members  present. 

Drs.  William  Shippen,  Adam  Kuhn,  and  William  W.  Smith  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  draft  by-laws.     Adjourned. 

The  form  of  the  constitution  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Phila- 
delphia was  published  in  The  Pennsylvania  Packet  and  Daily  Ad- 
vertiser, February  1,  1787,  p.  2.     (See  Appendix.) 

The  College  was  to  consist  of  twelve  senior  fellows,  who  were  tlie 
only  fellows  eligible  to  office,  and  an  indefinite  number  of  junior 
fellows. 

At  the  date  of  publication  of  the  constitution  the  list  of  members 
was  printed  as  follows  : 

Senior  Fellows.  Junior  Fellows. 

John  Redman,  Robert  Harris, 

John  Jones,  Benjamin  Duffield, 

William  Shippen,  Jr.,  John  Foulke, 

Benjamin  Rush,  James  Hall, 


V 


\  V^         CA 


V.Vj 


20 


RUSCHENBERGER,  Q 


Senior  Fellows. 
Samuel  DuflBeld, 
James  Hutchinson, 
Abraham  Chovet, 
John  Morgan, 
Adam  Kuhn, 
Gerardus  Clarkson, 
Thomas  Parke, 
George  Glentworth. 


Junior  Fellows. 
Andrew  Koss, 
William  Currie, 
John  Carson, 
William  W.  Smith, 
Samuel  P.  Griffitts, 
John  Morris, 
William  Clarkson, 
Benjamin  Say, 
John  Lynn.'     > 


"All  communications  that  are  included  in  the  objects  of  the  Col- 
lege, specified  in  the  preamble  of  the  constitution,  may  be  addressed 
to  the  Secretary  (post-paid,  when  they  are  sent  by  that  conveyance), 
or  to  any  fellow  of  the  College. 

"It  is  to  be  hoped  the  friends  of  medical  science  in  every  part  of 
the  United  States  will  concur  in  promoting  by  useful  communica- 
tions the  important  designs  of  this  institution. 

"Published  by  order  of  the  College, 

"James  Hutchinson, 

"  Secretary. 

"  The  present  ofiicers  of  the  college  are : 


President. 
John  Redman. 

Vice-President. 
John  Jones. 


Censors. 


William  ^hippen,  Jr., 
Benjamin  Rush, 


Treasurer. 

Gerardus  Clarkson. 

Secretary. 
James  Hutchinson. 


John  Morgan, 
Adam  Kuhn. 


'The  different  printers  in  the  United  States  are  requested  to 
publish  this  in  their  papers." 

^  The  name  of  John  Lynn  was  dropped  from  the  list  of  members,  probably 
because  he  did  not  sign  the  constitution,  nor  pay  entrance  fee.  He  was  present 
at  only  one  meeting — October,  1787. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        21 

It  is  self-evident  that  the  College  was  organized  and  its  officers 
elected  prior  to  this  proclamation  of  its  existence.  The  minutes  of 
the  meeting  of  January  2,  1787,  do  not  mention  the  matter,  or  refer 
to  the  address  of  the  President.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the  consti- 
tution was  considered  and  adopted,  and  the  officers  were  elected  at 
meetings  held  previous  to  this  date.^ 

The  first  address  made  to  the  College  by  the  first  president,  Dr. 
John  Redman,  begins  :  "At  our  first  meeting  to  form  a  society  under 
the  state  and  style  of  a  College  of  Physicians,  and  to  organize  our- 
selves by  choosing  proper  officers  and  members,  so  as  to  constitute  a 
body,  you  were  pleased  to  honor  me  with  your  suffrages  and  elect  me 
your  president.  Upon  that  occasion  I  felt  myself  oppressed,  and, 
for  some  reasons,  undetermined  whether  I  should  continue  in  the 
office.  I  therefore  signified  my  acceptance  only  by  a  tacit  consent 
rather  than  otherwise.  .  .  .  Being  unavoidably  prevented,  I 
had  not  the  pleasure  of  attending  your  next  meeting.  But  have  now 
the  peculiar  happiness  of  seeing  you  convened  in  a  body,  and,  I  trust, 
united  in  those  bonds  which  are  the  result  of  most  benevolent  prin- 
ciples." etc. 

This  statement  indicates  that  at  least  three  meetings  had  been  held 
prior  to  that  of  January  2d,  and  that  the  election  of  officers  was  held 
at  the  first  of  the  three  meetings.  It  seems  not  unreasonable  to 
suppose  that  a  meeting  of  the  founders,  possibly  informal  in  char- 
acter, had  preceded  that  at  which  the  first  election  occurred.  These 
data  imply  very  distinctly  that  the  institution  of  the  College  was 
begun  in  September,  and  that  the  first  election  was  held  in  October, 
1786. 

Nevertheless,  the  birthday  of  the  College  was  January  2, 1787,  the 
first  Tuesday  of  the  month. 

The  purposes  of  the  association  and  the  title  it  should  assume  had 
already  been  agreed  upon.    On  that  day  the  founding  was  completed. 

'  Dr.  Henry  Bond,  at  the  time  Secretary  of  the  College,  in  remarks  prefatory 
to  the  Quarterly  Summary  of  the  Transactions  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of 
Philadelphia,  for  November  and  December,  1841,  and  January,  1842,  says : 
"The  College  of  Phj'sicians  of  Philadelphia  was  instituted  toward  the  close  of 
the  year  1786  ;  the  first  meeting  after  its  full  organization  was  held  on  the  2d 
of  January,  1787." 


22  RUSCHENBERGER. 

The  constitution  had  been  prepared  for  signature  ;  and  fellows  signed 
it  that  day,  and  ordered  that  the  institution  of  the  new  society 
should  be  proclaimed  to  the  world,  and  that  all  who  were  friendly  to 
the  progress  of  medical  science  should  be  invited  to  join  in  its  pro- 
motion. On  that  day  also  they  ordered  a  certificate  of  membership, 
a  suitable  device  for  a  seal  of  the  College,  and  by-laws  to  guide  its 
proceedings  to  be  prepared. 

At  the  stated  meeting  February  6,  1787,  seven  senior  and  eight 
junior  fellows  were  present. 

The  Secretary  reported  that  the  constitution  had  been  published. 

The  device  for  a  seal  was  submitted  and  after  substituting  the  word 
"  toti"  for  '■'aliis  "  in  the  motto,  so  as  to  read,  non  sibi  sed  toti,  was 
adopted,  ahd  the  seal  ordered  to  be  cut.  Its  legend  is,  "  Sigillum  Col- 
legii  Medicorum  Philadelphife.  Institut.  A.D.  MDCCLXXXYII." 
Seal  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia.  Instituted  A.D. 
1787.  This  legend  has  the  authority  of  historical  record,  so  far  as 
it  goes,  and  possibly  suggests  that  the  founders  may  have  regarded 
the  institution  of  the  College  as  the  work  of  the  whole  year.  Never- 
theless, other  testimony  distinctly  shows  tliat  the  existence  of  the 
College  properly  dates  from  its  first  recorded  action,  the  first  Tuesday 
of  January,  as  already  stated ;  unless  it  be  assumed  that  the  time 
between  conception  and  incorporation  was  its  period  of  gestation,  and 
that  its  lawful  existence  did  not  begin  till  March  26,  1789,  the  date 
of  its  charter. 

A  proposed  form  of  diploma  was  laid  on  the  table. 

Dr.  Rush  read  a  paper  "On  the  Means  of  Promoting  Medical 
Knowledjje."  ^ 

The  meetings  of  the  College  of  Physicians  were  then  held  on  the 
premises  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania — i.  e.,  in  the 
old  Academy,  Fourth  and  Arch  Streets — on  the  first  Tuesday  in  each 
month,  at  four  o'clock  p.m.  from  October  till  March,  and  at  five 
o'clock  P.M.  from  April  to  September. 

The  first  standing  committee,  that  on  Meteorology  and  Epidemics, 
was  appointed  March  6,  1^87.^  It  made  reports  every  year  from 
that   date   till   November,  1882 — ninety-five   years — when    it  was 

^  Printed  in  the  Transactions  of  the  College,  vol.  1,  part  1,  1793. 
^  Drs.  Carson,  Griffitts,  Morris,  Hall,  and  William  Clarkson. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        23 

abolished.  The  last  annual  report  of  this  committee  was  read 
December  5,  1883,  by  Dr.  Joseph  G.  Richardson.^ 

At  the  stated  meeting,  April  3d,  the  first  election  of  fellows  was 
held^  and  committees  were  appointed  to  submit  plans  for  establishing 
hot  and  cold  baths  and  a  botanic  garden  in  the  city. 

May  1,  1787,  Dr.  John  Morgan  moved  that  application  be  made 
to  the  legislature  for  a  charter ;  and  July  3d,  in  conformity  to  the 
provisions  of  the  constitution,  all  the  officers  of  the  Society  were 
re-elected.  This  was  the  first  election  of  officers  recorded  in  the 
minutes. 

At  the  meeting  held  August  7th,  "  a  member  submitted  a  new 
form  of  constitution,  which  was  made  the  order  of  business  this  day 
three  months,"  which  was  considered  and  adopted  November  6th. 

September  4,  1787,  the  College  placed  itself  on  record  in  favor 
of  temperance.  Drs.  Jones,  Rush,  and  Griffitts  Avere  appointed  a 
committee  to  prepare  a  memorial  to  the  legislature  "  setting  forth  the 
pernicious  effiscts  of  spirituous  liquors  upon  the  human  body,  and 
praying  that  such  a  law  may  be  passed  as  shall  tend  to  diminish 
their  consumption."^  The  petition  prepared  by  the  committee  was 
adopted  by  the  College  November  7th,  and  ordered  to  be  duly  sent 
to  the  legislature. 

This  summary  of  the  proceedings  of  the  College  during  the  first 
year  of  its  existence  is  sufficient  to  indicate  its  general  policy.  One 
special  and  twelve  stated  meetings  were  held.  There  were  twenty- 
nine  fellows.  The  average  attendance  was  14.3  ;  the  highest  num- 
ber present  at  a  meeting  was  19,  and  the  lowest  10. 

The  entrance  fee  was  three  pounds,  Pennsylvania  currency,  equal 
to  eight  dollars,  and  the  annual  contribution  fifteen  shillings,  or  two 
dollars.  Through  failure  to  pay  their  fees  two  of  the  founders  for- 
feited fellowship  with  the  College. 

'  Transactions  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  third  series,  vol. 
7,  1884,  p.  41. 

'  Nathan  Dorsey,  John  K.  B.  Rogers,  Caspar  Wistar,  Jr.,  James  Cunning- 
ham, and  Charles  Moore  were  elected  junior  fellows. 

'  See  Appendix. 


24  RUSCHENBERGEE, 


PROGRESS  OF  THE  COLLEGE. 

During  the  year  1788,  thirteen  meetings  were  held.  The  average 
attendance  was  12.2.  The  greatest  number  present  at  a  meeting 
was  20,  and  the  smallest  5.     Two  fellows  were  elected. 

April  1st,  the  constitution  was  amended  so  far  as  to  make  seven 
fellows  a  quorum  for  ordinary  business,  and  eleven  for  elections  and 
altering  the  by-laws.  The  by-laws,  which  had  been  under  considera- 
tion at  many  meetings,  were  adopted. 

June  3d,  a  committee  was  appointed  "  to  form  a  pharmacopoeia  for 
the  use  of  the  College,"^  and  another  to  prepare  a  plan  for  the  forma- 
tion of  a  library.^  The  fellow's  were  requested  to  contribute  to  it. 
Dr.  John  Morgan  sent,  Dec,  1788,  a  "donation  of  books  to  be  added 
to  the  College  library,"  consisting  of  twenty -four  volumes ;  and  again, 
Jan.  6,  1789,  some  medical  books. 

The  plan  for  forming  a  library,  submitted  by  the  committee,  July 
1,  1788,  was,  substantially,  that  the  secretary  and  censors  should 
have  charge  of  it,  and  that  the  College  should  annually  appropriate, 
from  the  balance  in  the  treasury  at  the  end  of  each  year,  such  sum 
for  the  purchase  of  books  as  might  be  expedient.  The  plan  was 
approved  March  3,  1789.  The  foundation  of  the  library  may  be 
considered  to  have  been  laid  on  that  day. 

Drs.  Jones,  Parke,  and  Wistar  were  appointed,  July  7,  1789,  to 
prepare  a  list  of  books  to  be  purchased  for  the  library,  at  a  cost  not 
exceeding  £50  (^133.33). 

A  petition,  dated  November  11,  1788,  to  bring  in  a  bill  to  incor- 
porate the  College  was  presented  to  the  Legislature  of  the  Common- 
wealth.^ 

At  the  annual  election  of  1788,  the  only  change  in  the  officiality 

*  Drs.  Redman,  Jones,  Kuhn,  Shippen,  Rush,  Griffitts,  Wistar,  and  Hutch- 
inson. 

*  Drs.  Jones,  Wistar,  and  Griffitts. 

*  Drs.  Redman,  Jones,  Shippen,  Hutchinson,  and  Morgan  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  present  the  petition,  and,  if  it  were  granted,  to  frame  a  bill  for  the 
incorporation  of  the  College. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        25 

of  the  College  was  that  Dr.  Samuel  Powel  Griflfitts  was  appointed 
Secretary  in  place  of  Dr.  Hutchinson. 

A  notable  feature  of  the  proceedings  of  the  College  in  1789  was 
an  effort  to  induce  suitably  qualified  persons  throughout  the  country 
to  cooperate  in  the  formation  of  a  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States.     To  this  end  a  circular  letter  was  issued  April  7th. 

The  legislature  having  granted  permission,  a  bill  was  prepared  for 
the  incorporation  of  the  College  and  presented  in  February,  1789 ; 
and  the  president  in  behalf  of  the  committee  reported.  May  5, 1789, 
that  the  bill  had  been  enacted  and  that  an  authentic  copy  of  the  act 
had  been  procured.     It  is  dated  March  26,  1789. 

The  president  called  a  special  meeting  of  the  College,  April  16, 
1789,^  to  consult  the  members  on  the  propriety  of  representing  to 
the  authorities  the  disagreeable  consequences  which  might  ensue  at 
this  time  from  the  general  illumination,  which  was  proposed  on  the 
arrival  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  who  would  reach  the 
city  on  the  20th,  on  his  way  from  Mount  Vernon  to  New  York,  to  be 
there  inaugurated  on  the  30th.     Influenza  was  then  epidemic. 

A  committee  was  appointed"  to  wait  upon  the  Supreme  Executive 
Council  the  next  morning,  and  "  inform  them  that  although  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  do  sincerely  join  their  fellow-citizens  in  their  joy  on 
the  occasion,  yet  they  cannot  be  so  inattentive  to  the  health  of  many 
under  their  care,  as  to  decline  informing  the  Council  that  a  general 
illumination  of  the  city  might  be  productive  of  fatal  consequences." 

There  were  military  and  civic  demonstrations  of  cordial  welcome 
to  General  Washington  on  his  arrival  at  Gray's  Ferry  and  in  the 
city  ;  and  there  was  "  a  handsome  display  of  fireworks  in  the  even- 
ing," but  no  general  illumination^  is  mentioned. 

Another  event  indicative  of  the  standing  which  the  society  had 
already  attained  in  the  community  is  notable.  In  November,  a  com- 
mittee, appointed  by  the  Legislature  of  the  Commonwealth  to  draft  a 
bill  to  amend  the  laws  of  the  State  for  preventing  the  introduction  of 

'  Drs.  Eedman,  Jones,  Kuhn,  Kush,  Parke,  Wistar,  Leib,  Gibbons,  Griffitts, 
Cunningham  were  present  at  the  meeting. 

*  Drs.  Redman,  Jones,  and  Rush. 

'  For  an  account  of  Washington's  entrance  into  the  city,  April  20,  see  The 
Columbian  Magazine,  April,  1789,  vol.  5,  p.  282. 


26  RUSCHENBERGER, 

infectious  diseases,  applied  to  the  College  for  information  on  the  sub- 
ject.    The  application  was  referred  to  a  committee  to  answer.* 

Twelve  stated  and  three  special  meetings  were  held  during  the 
year.  Tlie  average  attendance  was  11.8,  the  lowest  number  present 
at  a  meeting  was  6,  and  the  highest  17.  One  was  added  to  the  roll 
of  fellows,  one  founder  [John  Morris]  forfeited  his  place  upon  it,  and 
another  was  removed  by  death. 

Dr.  John  Morgan,  one  of  the  Censors,  who  was  present  at  the 
meeting  October  6,  died  on  the  loth.  At  a  special  meeting  Novem- 
ber loth,  Dr.  Thomas  Parke  was  duly  elected  a  censor  in  his  place. 

The  minutes  of  proceedings  contain  no  other  notice  of  this  emi- 
nent physician.  As  the  character  of  its  founders  is  interesting  to 
the  Fellows  of  the  College,  it  seems  proper  to  supplement  the  record, 
when  necessary,  with  sketches  of  their  lives. 

KOTICE  OF  DR.  JOHN    MORGAX. 

Dr.  John  Morgan  contributed  more  than  any  individual  to  the 
foundation  of  systematic  medical  teaching  and  of  medical  progress 
in  this  city.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  first  medical  school  estab- 
lished under  a  charter  on  this  continent;  and  the  first  medical  pro- 
fessor elected  by  the  College  of  Philadelphia ;  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  first  Medical  Society  of  Philadelphia ;  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  College  of  Physicians ;  and  among  the  first  to  give  books  to  form 
its  library.  His  education  and  training  at  home  and  abroad,  added 
force  to  natural  endowments  of  a  high  order,  and  eminently  qualified 
him  to  win  his  way  as  a  pioneer. 

Dr.  Morgan,  a  son  of  Evan  Morgan,  a  respectable  Welsh  gentleman 
who  had  been  long  settled  in  the  province,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
A.  D,  1735.  Having  taken  the  course  of  classical  instruction  at  the 
Nottingham  Academy,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  then  in  charge  of  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Finley,  he  was  transferred  to  the  College  of  Philadelphia, 
and,  at  the  first  commencement  held  by  that  institution,  received  the 
bachelor's  degree  May  17,  1757. 

He  began  the  study  of  medicine  about  the  time  he  entered  college. 
In  a  preface  to  his  Discourse  upon  the  Institution  of  3fedieal  Schools 

^  Drs.  Kedman,  Jones,  Shippen,  Kush,  and  Hutchinson. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        27 

in  America,  lie  says,  speaking  of  his  professional  training,  that  he 
served  an  apprenticeship  of  six  years  with  Dr.  John  Redman,  and 
within  that  period  had  piit  up  the  prescriptions  of  all  the  physicians 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  during  more  than  a  year.  On  the  close 
of  his  apprenticeship  he  joined  the  provincial  troops  in  the  last  war 
waged  by  Great  Britain  and  her  colonies  against  the  French.  He 
was  in  Forbes's  expedition  and  held  a  lieutenant's  commission,  dated 
April  1, 1758,  but  acted  chiefly  as  surgeon;  and,  according  to  Col. 
Burd's  report  to  the  Governor,  "  did  his  duty  very  well."^ 

At  the  end  of  the  war  he  retired  from  the  army.  In  1760  he 
went  to  Europe,  and  attended  the  lectures  and  dissections  of  William 
and  John  Hunter  in  London,  and  then  went  to  Edinburgh. 

Dr.  Franklin,  in  a  letter  to  Dr.  William  Cullen,  dated  London, 
Oct.  21, 1761,  said  "the  bearer,  Mr.  Morgan,  who  proposes  to  reside 
some  time  in  Edinburgh  for  the  completion  of  his  studies  in  Physic, 
is  a  young  gentleman  of  Philadelphia,  whom  I  have  long  known  and 
greatly  esteem  ;  and  as  I  interest  myself  in  what  relates  to  him,  I 
cannot  but  wish  him  the  advantage  of  your  conversation  and  instruc- 
tion." 

"  Mr.  Morgan,  who  is  mentioned  in  the  foregoing  letter,  appears 
to  have  fully  realized  the  expectations  of  his  friend  Dr.  Franklin. 
He  distinguished  himself  while  in  Edinburgh  by  a  diligent  applica- 
tion to  his  studies :  published,  on  receiving  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine,  an  excellent  inaugural  dissertation  on  the  subject  of  Sup- 
puration ;^  visited  the  principal  hospitals  of  France  and  Italy  before 
returning  to  his  native  country.    After  his  return  to  America,  he  took 

^  Letters  and  Papers  relating  chiefly  to  the  Provincial  History  of  Pennsyl- 
vania.    By  Thomas  Balch,  pp.  Ixxiv.     Privately  printed.     Philadelphia,  1855. 

2  His  thesis,  a  copy  of  which  is  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  is  en- 
titled: 

IITOnOIESIS,  Sive  Tentamen  Medicum  de  Puris  Confectione ;  Quam  An- 
nuente  sunamo  numine,  Ex  auctoritate  admodum  Viri  Gulielmi  Kobertson  S.  S. 
T.  P.  Academiifi  Edinburgenfe  Prsefecti,  nee  non,  Amplissimi  Senatus  Acade- 
micss  consensu  Et  nobilisimcB,  Facultatis  medicss  decreto  ;  Pro  gradu  Doetoratus, 
Summisque  in  medicina  honoribus  et  Privilegiis  Rite  et  legitime  consequendis  ; 
Eruditorum  Exaraini  subjijuit  Johannes  Morgan  A.M.  Pennsylvaniensis. 

Deus  enim  has  leges  posuit  in  creando  et  observavit,  quas  nos  observando  de- 
tegimus.     Boerh.  insit. 

Ad  diem  18  Julii,  hora,  locoque  solitis.  Edinburgi  ;  cum  typis  Academicis 
M,DCC,LXIII.     8vo.  pp.  55. 


28  RUSCHENBERGER, 

an  active  share  in  the  institution  of  lectures  on  different  branches  of 
medicine  in  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  and  in  the  establishment  of 
a  dispensary  and  of  a  medical  society  in  that  city.  The  progress 
of  these  institutions  is  minutely  described  in  his  letters  to  Dr.  Cullen, 
toward  -whom  he  always  appears  to  have  felt  and  expressed  a  very 
grateful  attachment."^ 

From  Edinburgh  he  went  to  Paris  and  spent  some  time  studying 
anatomy  with  M.  Sue. 

He  had  acquired  the  rudiments  of  the  art  of  making  anatomical 
preparations  by  corrosion  from  "  the  two  Hunters  "  while  in  London. 
Fine  injections  were  first  made  by  Ruysch,  and  therefore  called  the 
Ruyschian  art.  He  says,  "  I  once  showed  a  preparation  of  the 
vessels  of  the  kidney  I  had  thus  executed  at  Paris  at  a  meeting  of 
the  French  Academy  of  Surgery  in  the  year  1764.  Except  M. 
Morand,  none  present  had  ever  seen  such  a  preparation.  The  art 
was  unknown  there,  till  I  communicated  it,  first  at  Paris  and  after- 
ward in  the  south  of  France."^ 

During  the  spring  and  summer  of  1764  he  travelled  in  France, 
Switzerland,  and  Italy,  visiting  the  medical  schools,  hospitals,  and 
public  institutions.  He  daily  noted  what  he  saw.  His  manuscript 
journal  has  been  preserved.^ 

From  it  Dr.  Morgan's  account  of  his  visit  to  the  celebrated  Mor- 
gagni  has  been  taken. 

He  left  Rome,  Friday,  July  6,  1764. 

"  Sunday,  July  21, 1764.  We  received  a  visit  this  morning  from 
Dr.  Sevati,  Professor  of  Medicine  at  Bologna,  and  husband  of  the 
celebrated  female  professor  of  natural  philosophy  in  this  city,  Laura 
Maria  Clementina  Bassi.  He  conversed  on  anatomical  and  medical 
subjects,  and  charged  me  with  a  letter  introductory  to  the  acquaint- 
ance of  the  celebrated  Morgagni  at  Padua. 

1  Vol.  1,  pp.  140,  141.  An  Account  of  the  Life,  Lectures,  and  Writings  of 
William  Cullen,  M.D.,  Professor  of  the  Practice  of  Physic  in  the  University  of 
Edinburgh.  By  John  Thomson,  M.D.,  T.Pv.S.L.  and  E.,  etc.  2  vols.,  8vo. 
Edinburgh  and  London,  1832. 

*  Art  of  making  anatomical  preparations  by  corrosion.  By  John  Morgan, 
M.D.     Trans.  Am.  Philos.  Soc,  vol.  2,  p.  366.    1786. 

^  A  copy  of  it,  made  by  the  Rev.  George  Uphold,  Rector  of  Holy  Trinity 
Church,  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  in  March  and  April,  1847,  is  in  the  library  of  the  His- 
torical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        29 

"  Padua,  "Wednesday,  July  24,  1764. 
"  P.  M.  I  went  to  pay  my  respects  to  the  celebrated  Morgagni, 
Professor  of  Anatomy  at  Padua,  to  Avhom  I  had  letters  from  Dr. 
Sevati,  of  Bologna.  He  received  me  with  the  greatest  politeness 
imaginable,  and  showed  me  abundant  civilities,  with  a  very  good 
grace.  He  is  now  eighty-two  years  of  age,  yet  reads  without  spec- 
tacles, and  is  alert  as  a  man  of  fifty.  I  found  that  he  was  unac- 
quainted with  anatomical  preparations  made  by  corrosion.  I  showed 
him  a  piece  of  a  kidney  which  I  had  injected  at  Paris,  and  which 
was  finely  corroded.  Broken  as  it  was,  he  was  highly  pleased,  and 
saw  at  once  the  utility  of  such  preparations.  I  apologized  for  the 
state  it  was  in,  from  having  brought  it  so  far.  He  was  pleased  to 
answer,  ex  ungue  leonem — that  he  saw  enough  from  that  small 
specimen  to  convince  him  of  the  excellency  of  such  preparations. 
He  acknowledged  he  had  never  seen  any  preparation  before  in  which 
the  vessels  were  so  minutely  filled.  Ruysch,  he  says,  had  sent  him 
some  of  his  preparations,  in  which  the  vessels  appeared  more  like  a 
confused  mass  than  distinct,  in  the  manner  of  this.  I  asked  him 
what  method  he  took  to  trace  the  vessels.  He  told  me,  he  did 
always  in  subjects  where  the  inflammation  was  great,  which  made 
the  vessels  appear  distinct  and  plain,  but  these  were  not  durable  as 
preparations  by  injection.  He  then  conveyed  me  into  a  small 
cabinet,  where  he  showed  me  a  great  number  of  skeletons  of  the 
human  foetus,  in  a  series,  from  a  few  weeks  old  to  nine  months,  and 
from  that  upward  to  an  adult.  Amongst  others,  a  foetus  of  six  or 
seven  months  old,  in  which  the  form  was  complete,  except  near  half 
of  the  spine — i.  e.,  the  back  part  of  it  was  wanting  all  the  way  up  ; 
nor  had  it  ever  either  brain  or  spinal  marrow.  He  showed  me  also 
a  calculus,  formed  on  a  needle,  in  the  bladder  of  a  man,  which  had 
stopped  up  the  urethra  without  forming  any  ulceration,  or  the  least 
sign  of  a  cicatrix  of  a  wound.  This,  and  the  following  which  he 
showed  me,  are  spoken  of  in  his  treatise,  Be  Sedihus  et  Causis 
Morborum,  viz.,  the  second  was  a  calculus  formed  on  the  point  of  a 
corking  pin,  Avhich  a  female  had  introduced  a  little  way  into  her 
bladder,  which,  being  irritated  thereby,  conti'acted,  and  drew  the  pin 
into  the  bladder,  so  as  to  lay  the  foundation  of  a  calculus,  of  which 
she  died. 


30  RUSCHENBERGER, 

"  He  shoAved  me,  likewise,  many  curious  preparations  of  the  bones 
of  the  ear,  and  pointed  out  the  spur-like  process  of  the  malleus  which 
his  master  in  anatomy,  Valsalva,  could  never  find  till  he  showed  it 
to  him  ;  also,  the  three  semicircular  canals,  separate  from  all  the 
other  bones,  with  the  five  holes  opening  so  as  to  be  seen  at  the  same 
time;  also  all  the  organ  of  hearing,  with  the  external  ear,  the  hard 
and  soft  parts  together,  freed  from  all  the  surrounding  hard  bone  ; 
and,  lastly,  the  internal  cavity  of  the  ear,  with  all  the  parts  in  situ, 
which  he  had  so  prepared  as  to  see  the  different  bones  in  their  place 
without  touching  them  at  all.  This  he  had  done  partly  with  a  file 
and  partly  with  a  hard-tempered  knife,  like  adamant,  and — a  great 
deal  of  patience.  He  had  sawed  the  cranium  in  two,  as  usually 
done  in  dissecting  the  brain,  but  acknowledged  if  he  had  taken  the 
temporal  bone  out,  he  could  work  much  easier,  as  the  surrounding 
bones  would  not  have  impeded  the  motion  of  his  hand  in  dissecting. 

"  In  this  cabinet  he  had  a  series  of  portraits  of  old  anatomists,  his 
famous  predecessors  at  Bologna,  in  which  he  pointed  out  a  particu- 
larity with  regard  to  dress  ;  the  necks  of  the  first  being  covered  with 
a  kind  of  caul,  like  a  modern  monk's  hood ;  this  gradually  lessened, 
and  a  fur  lining  took  the  place,  but  the  neck  less  covered  up,  till  at 
length  they  came  to  wear  bands,  which  at  first  were  small,  and 
gradually  enlarged  to  the  greatest  size.  In  this  cabinet  were  the 
portraits — /.  e.,  the  heads — of  two  beautiful  girls,  done  by  Rosalba, 
in  crayons.  I  asked.  Whose  were  these  ?  and  he  told  me  as  follows : 
'  That  he  had  fifteen  children,  of  whom  remain  two  sons  and  eight 
daughters ;  every  one,  as  they  grew  up,  requested  to  become  nuns, 
which  he  esteemed  very  singular,  and  that  they  entered  by  pairs  into 
four  difierent  convents.  When  their  time  of  probation  was  expired, 
they  were,  at  ther  own  choice,  to  live  in  the  world  or  take  the  veil, 
which  last  they  all  preferred ;  the  two  youngest  going  into  the  strictest 
order  of  Franciscans,  where  they  go  barefooted  and  always  veiled. 
Before  these  were  shut  up  thus  for  life,  the  celebrated  female  paintress, 
Rosalba,  as  a  friend  of  Morgagni,  drew  these  portraits  and  made  him 
a  present  of  them,  before  he  knew  she  had  any  intention  to  draw 
them.  As  the  others  are  of  orders  less  strict,  and  may  be  seen  with- 
out veils,  there  was  less  occasion  for  their  portraits.' 

"I  presented  him,  before  coming  away,  with  my  thesis,  and  he  was 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        31 

SO  good  as  to  do  me  the  honor  of  making  me  a  present  of  his  late 
publication,  2  vols,  folio,  '  De  Sedibus  et  Causis  Morborum,'^  of 
which  there  have  been  three  different  editions  within  these  three 
years,  being  in  the  highest  estimation  throughout  Europe,  and  all  the 
copies  of  the  first  edition  already  bought  up." 

In  his  introductory  lecture,  delivered  Nov.  2,  1789,  befoi-e  the 
trustees  and  medical  students  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  and 
printed  in  the  American  Museum  for  November,  1879,'-'  Dr.  Ben- 
jamin Rush  relates,  that  Dr.  Morgan  "had  the  honor  of  a  long  con- 
ference with  the  celebrated  Morgagni,  at  Padua,  when  he  was  in  the 
eightieth  year  of  his  age.  This  venerable  physician,  who  was  the 
light  and  ornament  of  two  or  three  successive  generations  of  physi- 
cians, was  so  pleased  with  the  doctor  that  he  claimed  kindred  with 
him,  from  the  resemblance  of  their  names,  and  on  a  blank  leaf  of  a 
copy  of  his  works  which  he  presemted  to  him,  he  inscribed  with  his 
own  hand  the  following  words :  'Affino  suo,  medico  preeclarissimo 
Joanni  Morgan,  donat  auctor.'" 

By  whose  invention  Dr.  Rush  was  made  authority  for  this  fanciful 
tale  is  not  now  known.  Dr.  Morgan's  account  of  his  visit  to  Mor- 
gagni suggests  nothing  of  the  kind. 

The  three  volumes  presented  to  him  by  Morgagni,  and  nine  other 
folios,  were  bequeathed  to  the  College  of  Physicians  by  Dr.  Morgan, 
and  delivered  by  his  executors  in  February,  1790. 

At  the  bottom  of  the  title-page  of  the  first  volume  the  following  is 
written:  "  Viro  experientissimo  et  humanissimo  D.  Di  Joanni  3Ior- 
gan  Auctor,"  and  at  the  bottom  of  the  title-page  of  the  second 
volume,  "  Viro  de  Re  anatomico  bene  merito  Do.  Dr.  Joanni  Mor- 
gan Auctor.'''^ 

^  The  title  of  the  work  is  "Jo.  Baptistce  Morgagni,  P.  P.  P.  P.,  de  Sedibus 
et  Causis  Morborum  per  Anatomen  indagatis.  Venetiis,  MDCCLXI."  At  the 
bottom  of  the  title-page  of  the  first  volume  is  written,  "Viro  experientissimo  et 
humanissimo  D.  D.  Joanni  Morgan,  Auctor." 

'  Keprinted  in  the  Philadelphia  Journal  of  the  Medical  and  Physical  Sciences 
Philadelphia,  1820. 

^  The  author's  gift  to  his  kinsman,  John  Morgan,  a  most  distinguished 
physician. 

*  Grift  of  the  author  to  the  most  skilful  and  accomplished  Dr.  John  Morgan. 
2d  vol. :  Gift  of  the  author  to  Dr.  John  Morgan,  highly  deserving  in  anatomy. 


32  RUSCHENBERGER, 

From  Padua  Dr.  Morgan  slowly  made  his  way  into  Switzerland. 
"While  at  Geneva,  on  Sunday,  Sept.  16th,  he  visited  Voltaire  at 
Ferney,  an  estate  which  that  illustrious  man  had  purchased  and 
built  a  house  upon  five  or  six  years  before.  Dr.  Morgan's  account 
of  this  visit  has  been  recently  published.' 

He  returned  to  London  in  the  autumn.  While  there  he  was 
elected,  1765,  a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Society,  a  licentiate  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  of  London,  and  also  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
of  Edinburgh,  ^oon  after  his  arrival  in  London  he  wrote  the  following 
letter  to  Dr.  William  Cullen : 

"  London,  November  10,  1764. 

"  Very  Dear  Sir  : 

"  Can  you  forgive  me  if,  upon  my  being  just  returned  fi*om  my 
tour  through  France  and  Italy,  I  write  you  but  a  very  short  letter 
till  I  have  been  here  a  week  or  two  longer,  and  got  myself  a  little 
composed.  At  present  what  with  a  crowd  of  acquaintances  every 
day,  with  the  kindest  intentions,  breaking  in  upon  that  time  I  pro- 
posed to  devote  to  writing  to  my  friends,  and  the  chaos  of  ideas 
which  disturb  my  regular  thinking  at  present,  I  find  I  cannot  execute 
the  task  as  I  ought.  Everything  I  tell  you  now  must  be  rather 
broken  hints,  than  a  connected  relation. 

"  I  have  not  been  able  to  see  M.  Senac  whilst  last  in  Paris.  I 
was  at  Fontainbleau  once  with  that  view,  but  he  was  then  for  a  night 
or  two  with  the  King  at  Choisy,  which  I  knew"  not  of  at  the  time ; 
and  I  was  too  much  hurried  to  repeat  the  visit,  as  I  wanted  to  reach 
London  in  time  enough  to  sail  in  the  fall  for  Philadelphia ;  I  think 
I  cannot  now  sail  till  toward  spring. 

"  The  most  agreeable  incidents  happened  to  Mr.  Powel  and  myself 
in  our  tour,  which  lasted  about  eight  months.  It  was  crowded  Avith 
a  great  variety  of  the  most  interesting  circumstances,  full  of  pleasing 
scenes  for  the  most  part,  and  of  a  nature  different  from  and  more 
agreeable  than  what  I  have  been  commonly  used  to. 

"The  order  of  our  travels  through  Italy  was  Genoa,  Leghorn, 
Pisa,  Florence,  Rome,  Naples  and  its  environs.  After  our  return  to 
Rome,  it  was  on  the  Adriatic  side  of  Italy,  through  Loreto  to 
Bologna,  Ferrara,  Padua,  Venice ;  we  took  Padua  in  the  way  again 

1  The  Pennsylvania  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography,  vol.  x.  p.  43,  1886. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        33 

on  our  return,  and  passed  through  Vicenza,  Verona,  Mantua,  the 
States  of  Parma  and  Placentia,  to  Milan  and  Turin.  We  crossed 
the  Alps  to  Geneva,  returned  to  Paris  through  Lyons,  and  from 
thence  came  to  London  about  a  week  ago. 

"  We  were  in  the  suite  of  the  Duke  of  York  at  Leghorn,  Florence, 
and  Rome,  where  we  were  particularly  presented  to  him,  and  had 
access  to  all  the  grand  entertainments  made  for  his  Royal  Highness, 
which  were  indeed  superbly  sumptuous  and  magnificent.  We  had  a 
private  audience  with  the  Pope,  four  English  gentlemen  of  us  being 
presented  at  that  time.  He  was  aifable  and  courteous.  At  Turin 
we  had  the  honor  of  being  presented  to  his  Sardinian  Majesty  and 
the  Royal  Family,  and  obtained  express  leave  from  the  King  to  see 
the  fortifications  of  Turin,  and  those  which  defend  the  pass  into  his 
dominions  by  the  Alps.  When  at  Geneva  we  paid  a  visit  to  Voltaire, 
to  whom  we  had  a  letter,  and  were  entertained  by  him  with  most 
singular  politeness — for  us  I  mean — perhaps  usual  enough  in  regard 
to  Voltaire. 

"There  is  a  pretty  good  physical — I  mean  medical — university  at 
Bologna,  and  Morgagni  has  a  very  crowded  class  at  his  anatomical 
lectures  at  Padua.  There  are  some  other  schools  of  medicine  in 
Italy:  but,  upon  the  whole,  to  me  they  seem  to  be  behindhand — 
medicine  not  being  in  high  repute,  or  cultivated  with  that  spirit  it 
ought  to  be. 

"As  to  the  grandeur  of  the  ancients,  from  what  we  can  see  of 
their  remains,  it  is  most  extraordinary.  Arts  with  them  seem  to 
have  been  in  a  perfection  which  I  could  not  have  imagined.  Their 
palaces,  temples,  aqueducts,  baths,  theatres,  amphitheatres,  monu- 
ments, statues,  sculptures  were  most  amazing.  The  soul  is  struck  at 
the  review,  and  the  ideas  expand ;  but  I  have  not  leisure  to  dwell 
now  on  these  topics. 

"  I  must  return  to  the  world  where  I  now  am  just  agoing — this  as 
different  from  the  former,  I  mean  the  rest  of  Europe  I  have  seen,  as 
that  from  Italy,  and  really  to  me  it  does  not  appear  more  so. 

"At  Paris  I  took  my  seat  in  the  Royal  Academy  of  Surgery,  of 
which  I  have  the  honor  to  be  admitted  as  a  corresponding  member 
[July  5,  1764] — a  distinction  from  a  resident  fellow.  I  am  now 
preparing  for  America,  to  see  whether,  after  fourteen  years'  devotion 

3 


34  RUSCHENBERGER, 

to  medicine  I  can  get  my  living  without  turning  apothecary  or  prac- 
tising surgery. 

"  My  scheme  of  instituting  lectures  you  will  hereafter  know  more 
of.  It  is  not  prudent  to  broach  designs  prematurely  ;  and  mine  are 
not  yet  fully  ripe  for  execution.  My  best  compliments  to  all  your 
family,  not  forgetting  them  particularly  to  my  mamma  Cullen,  and 
to  your  eldest  son.  Believe  me  to  be,  with  the  greatest  esteem, 
dear  sir,  your  affectionate  friend,  and  much  obliged  humble  servant, 

"John  Morgan."' 

Dr.  ]Morgan  returned  to  Philadelphia  in  the  spring  of  1765.  He 
was  in  his  thirtieth  year.  Honors  had  been  conferred  upon  him 
abroad  on  account  of  his  scholarly  proficiency  and  professional  learn- 
ing, in  which,  probably,  he  was  not  excelled  by  any  physician  who 
had  previously  settled  in  the  province.  His  reputation  preceded  his 
arrival,  and  moulded  public  opinion  in  his  favor.  He  obtained  almost 
at  once  a  large  share  of  the  best  practice. 

He  restricted  his  business  to  the  practice  of  medicine  exclusively, 
refused  to  dispense  medicines,  and  declined  to  attend  surgical  cases. 
This  departure  from  the  custom  of  physicians  of  that  time  was  de- 
signed to  separate  the  practice  of  pharmacy  and  of  surgery  from 
that  of  medicine,  and  lead  the  public  to  recognize  them  as  distinct 
vocations.  He  was  confident  that  the  result  of  such  division  would 
enhance  the  dignity  and  character  of  the  physician  in  public  esteem, 
and  facilitate  the  cultivation  of  the  several  departments  of  the  pro- 
fession to  the  advantage  of  all  concerned.  He  steadily  tried  to 
make  the  practice  of  medicine  a  cash  business,  by  collecting  a  fee  at 
each  visit,  the  amount  of  which  to  be  scaled  by  the  patient  according 
to  his  dignity  and  means. 

As  already  stated,  Dr.  Morgan  was  appointed  Professor  of  the 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Physic,  May  3, 1765,  in  the  College  of  Phila- 
delphia. At  the  commencement.  May  30th  and  31st,  he  delivered  a 
"Discourse  on  the  Institution  of  Medical  Schools  in  America." 

He  married,  September  4, 1765,  Mary,  daughter  of  Thomas  Hop- 
kinson  and  his  wife,  Mary  Johnson,  of  New  Castle  Co.,  Del,     She 

^  Thomson's  Life  of  Dr.  Cullen,  vol.  1,  p.  633 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.         35 

died  without  issue,  January  2,  1785,  and  was  buried  under  the  floor 
of  St.  Peter's  Church,  Philadelphia.^ 

At  the  commencement,  May,  1766,  Dr.  Morgan  was  awarded  a 
gold  medal,  which  had  been  presented  by  Mr.  John  Sargent,  of 
London,  to  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  to  be  bestowed  on  the  author 
of  the  best  essay  on  "  The  reciprocal  advantages  of  a  perpetual 
union  between  Great  Britain  and  her  American  Colonies."  His 
competitors  for  this  prize  were  Stephen  Watts,  Francis  Hopkinson, 
and  Joseph  Reed.  Their  papers  were  published  together  in  a  small 
volume,  the  name  of  the  author  of  each  being  appended  to  it ;  the 
essay  of  Mr.  Reed  was  not  signed  by  him.^ 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society, 
December,  1766,  and  was  one  of  the  curators  for  1769.  He  con- 
tributed four  papers,  which  were  published  in  the  second  volume  of 
the  Transactions  of  the  Society. 

At  the  suggestion  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  William  Smith,  Provost  of  the 
College,  Dr.  Morgan  went  to  Jamaica  and  other  islands  of  the  West 
Indies,  in  1773,  to  solicit  contributions  for  the  institution,  and  ob- 
tained about  three  thousand  pounds.^ 

Early  in  the  War  of  Independence,  Dr.  Morgan  gave  up  a  lucrative 
practice,  in  opposition  to  the  judgment  of  friends,  to  accept  the  office 
of  Director-General  and  Physician-in-Chief  of  the  American  Hospital, 
to  which  he  was  appointed  October  17,  1775.  He  was  successor  to 
Dr.  Benjamin  Church,  the  first  Director-General,  who  was  dismissed, 

1  Provincial  Counsellors  of  Pennsylvania  who  held  Office  between  1733  and 
1776,  and  those  earlier  Counsellors  wh'  were  sometime  Chief  Magistrates  of  the 
Province,  and  their  Descendants.     Py  Charles  P.  Keith.     Philadelphia,  1883. 

Kecord  of  Pennsylvania  Marriages  prior  to  1810.  Harrisburg,  1880.  Vol.  i. 
p.  182. 

"  Sunday  last,  died,  greatly  lamented  by  her  numerous  friends  and  acquaint- 
ances, Mrs.  Mary  Morgan,  the  amiable  consort  of  Doctor  John  Morgan,  of  this 
city." — Pennsylvania  Journal,  Saturday,  January  8,  1785. 

*  Life  and  Correspondence  of  Joseph  Keed,  Military  Secretary  of  Washington 
at  Cambridge,  etc.  By  his  Grandson,  William  B.  Keed.  Vol.  i.  p.  40.  Lindsay 
&  Blakiston,  Philadelphia,  1847. 

^  A  Memoir  of  the  Eev.  William  Smith,  D.D.,  Provost  of  the  College, 
Academy,  and  Charitable  School  of  Philadelphia.  By  Charles  J.  Stille. 
Philadelphia,  1869. 


36  RUSCHENBERGER, 

being  convicted  of  treasonable  correspondence.  In  the  performance 
of  his  arduous  duties  he  provoked  the  antagonism  of  many  of  his 
subordinates,  especially  among  the  regimental  surgeons  and  mates, 
because,  it  is  supposed,  he  insisted  upon  a  rigidly  economical  use  of 
hospital  stores,  and  recommended  that,  prior  to  appointment,  the 
qualifications  of  medical  officers  should  be  ascertained  by  suitable 
examination.  He  had  rivals  among  the  medical  directors  in  the 
army,  who  did  not  act  in  harmony  with  him.  Many  complaints 
were  made  that  the  supplies  to  the  hospitals  were  deficient. 

He  applied  to  Congress  to  be  informed  of  the  source  of  these 
charges,  but  in  vain.  He  had  an  interview  with  Dr.  Rush,  who  had 
been  elected  to  Congi-ess,  July  20,  1776,  for  that  year,  after  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  had  been  proclaimed,  which  he,  with 
others  who  had  been  elected  with  him,  signed  after  the  document  was 
engrossed,  but  obtained  no  information  from  him,  though  he  was 
chairman  of  the  medical  committee. 

Dr.  Morgan  says :  "When  the  remnant  of  the  army  that  retreated 
from  Brunswick  had  crossed  the  Delaware,  I  proceeded  to  Philadel- 
phia to  wait  on  Congress,  and  to  lay  matters  before  them  in  person, 
for  such  regulations  for  the  better  care  of  the  sick  and  wounded  as 
were  suitable  to  the  occasion,  and  to  obtain  an  explanation  and 
amendment  of  the  resolves  of  Congress,  October  9th.  I  met  Dr. 
Rush  in  the  street,  and  attempted,  for  a  moment,  to  detain  him  till 
I  could  acquaint  him  with  the  present  circumstances  and  situation  of 
affairs  ;  he  gave  me  no  time.  All  he  said  was,  that  '  he  was  glad  I 
was  come ;  it  would  take  a  great  burden  from  his  shoulders,'  and 
passed  on.  When  I  afterwards  called  upon  him  at  his  house  to 
represent  matters  to  him  there,  as  a  member  of  the  medical  com- 
mittee, for  relief,  the  sum  of  his  answer  was  that  '  he  would  not  for 
ten  times  the  consideration  go  through  the  amazing  toils  and  diffi- 
culties of  my  station.'  But  instead  of  relief  from  the  difficulties  and 
hardships  of  my  situation,  all  the  returns  I  received  from  Congress, 
are  complaints  disregarded,  grievances  unredressed,  and  without  an 
hearing,  and  without  assigning  a  reason,  a  dismission  from  my 
station,  as  if  Congress  intended  to  fix  a  stigma  on  my  character. 
But  however  hidden  the  motives  for  such  conduct  are,  a  day  may 
come  when  these  will  be  fully  understood. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        37 

"The  same  gentleman  who  then  felt,  or  seemed  to  feel  for  my 
situation,  having  since  accepted  a  place,  near  of  kin  to  that  which 
he  then  so  earnestly  deprecated,  may  perhaps  remember  it.  I  can 
truly  say,  should  he  aspire  to,  or  hereafter  enjoy,  that  very  place,  I 
do  not  wish  him  the  ill  treatment  and  ingratitude  for  his  services  in 
it,  which  I  have  experienced."^ 

Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  who  was  chief  physician  of  the  flying 
camp  from  July  15,  1776,  submitted  to  Congress,  March,  1777,  a 
plan  for  the  organization  of  the  hospital  department,  which,  with 
some  modification,  was  adopted.  He  was  elected,  April  11th, 
Director-General  of  all  the  military  hospitals  of  the  United  States. 
He  resigned  the  office,  January  3,  1781.^  He  had  been  arraigned 
before  a  military  court,  sitting  in  Morristown,  N.  J.,  charged  with 
improper  administration  of  his  office.  In  an  address  to  the  public, 
January,  1781,  printed  on  a  large  foolscap  page.  Dr.  Morgan  says : 
"  Unable  to  bear  further  investigation  of  his  conduct,  he  has  been 
compelled  to  quit  the  station  of  Director-General  of  Hospitals,  by  a 
forced  resignation.^ 

At  the  election  of  representatives  to  Congress  from  Pennsylvania, 
March  10,  1787,  Dr.  Rush  was  not  returned,  but  in  the  course  of 
the  year  he  was  appointed  Physician-General  of  the  Military  Hospital 
of  the  Middle  Department,  but  after  a  short  time  resigned  his  com- 
mission, Jan.  30,  1788.* 

Without  a  hearing  Congress  dismissed  Dr.  Morgan  from  office,  Jan. 
9,  1777.  Although  he  was  subsequently  acquitted  of  all  blame,*  this 
summary  dismissal  was  a  distressing  shock. ^     The  effects  of  the  blow 

^  Vindication  of  his  Public  Character,  etc.,  p.  148. 

2  Journals  of  Congress.  ^  Eush  MS.,  vol.  29. 

*  Journal  of  Congress,  1788. 

*  After  his  dismissal,  a  committee  of  Congress,  appointed  at  his  request,  in- 
vestigated his  whole  conduct  and  honorably  acquitted  him  of  all  the  charges 
which  had  been  brought  against  him. 

^  How  keenly  he  felt  the  action  of  Congress  is  manifested  in  "A  Vindication 
of  his  Public  Character  in  the  Station  of  Director-General  of  the  Military  Hos- 
pitals and  Physician-in-Chief  of  the  American  Army,  Anno  1776."  By  John 
Morgan,  M.D.,  F.K.S.,  Professor  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Physic  in  the 
College  of  Philadelphia ;  member  of  several  Koyal  Colleges  and  Academies, 
and  Philosophical  and  Literary  Societies  in  Europe  and  America.  Printed  by 
Powars  &  Willis.  Boston,  M,DCC,LXXVII.  8vo.,  pp.  43-158.  Philadelphia 
Lbrary,  Kidgway  Branch. 


38  RUSCHENBERGER, 

were  permanent.  He  and  Dr.  Rush  jointly  presented  to  the  trustees 
of  the  university  of  the  State  a  memorial,  Feb.  28,  1781,  objecting 
to  serve  as  professors  if  Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  be  appointed 
professor  of  anatomy.  He  was  appointed,  however,  and  in  Nov. 
1783,  Dr.  Rush  accepted  the  chair  of  chemistry.  Dr.  Morgan 
seems  not  to  have  performed  the  duties  of  the  office,  although  he  was 
elected,  at  the  same  time,  professor  of  the  theory  and  practice  of 
medicine. 

In  the  only  public  biographical  notice  of  Dr.  Morgan  is  a  false 
statement  which  from  long-continued  iteration  has  acquired  the  sta- 
bility of  truth.     An  attempt  to  correct  it  here  seems  proper. 

In  his  introductory  lecture,  Nov.  2,  1789,  eulogizing  Dr.  Morgan, 
Dr.  Rush  says  :  "  It  was  during  his  absence  from  home  that  he  con- 
certed with  Dr.  Shippen  the  plan  of  establishing  a  medical  school  in 
this  city." 

The  frequent  repetition  of  an  erroneous  statement  on  such  emi- 
nent authority  makes  its  correction  important  and,  at  the  same  time, 
difficult. 

In  his  eulogium  on  Dr.  William  Cullen,  July,  1790,  Dr.  Rush 
says — whether  truly  or  sophistically,  may  be  a  question :  "To  be- 
lieve in  great  men,  is  often  as  great  an  obstacle  to  the  progress  of 
knowledge,  as  to  believe  in  witches  and  conjurors.  It  is  the  image- 
worship  of  science ;  for  error  is  as  much  an  attribute  of  man  as  the 
desire  of  happiness  ;  and  I  think  I  have  observed  that  the  errors  of 
great  men  partake  of  the  dimensions  of  their  minds,  and  are  often  of  a 
greater  magnitude  than  the  errors  of  men  of  inferior  understanding." 

There  is  reason  to  believe  that  Dr.  Morgan  never  "concerted" 
with  Dr.  Shippen  a  plan  for  establishing  a  medical  school  in  this 
city.  In  his  letter  to  Dr.  Cullen,  Nov.  10,  1764,  Dr.  Morgan  says: 
"My  scheme  of  instituting  lectures  you  will  hereafter  know  more  of 
It  is  not  prudent  to  broach  designs  prematurely,  and  mine  are  not 
yet  fully  ripe  for  execution." 

At  the  commencement  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  May,  1765, 
when  Dr.  Shippen  was  probably  present.  Dr.  Morgan  said,  in  his 
discourse  on  the  institution  of  medical  schools : 

"  It  is  with  the  highest  satisfaction  I  am  informed  from  Dr.  Ship- 
pen,  Junior,  that  in  an  address  to  the  public,  as  introductory  to  his 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEOE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.         39 

first  anatomical  course,  he  proposed  some  hints  of  a  plan  for  giving 
medical  lectures  among  us.  But  I  do  not  learn  that  he  recommended 
at  all  a  collegiate  undertaking  of  this  kind.  What  led  me  to  it  was 
the  obvious  utility  that  would  attend  it,  and  the  desire  I  had  of 
presenting,  as  a  tribute  of  gratitude  to  my  alma  mater,  a  full  and 
enlarged  plan  for  the  institution  of  medicine,  in  all  its  branches,  in 
this  seminary  where  I  had  part  of  my  education,  being  among  the 
first  sons  who  shared  in  its  public  honours.  I  was  further  induced  to 
it  from  a  consideration,  that  private  schemes  of  propagating  knowl- 
edge are  instable  in  their  nature,  and  that  the  cultivation  of  useful 
learning  can  only  be  effectually  promoted  under  those  who  are  patrons 
of  science,  and  under  the  authority  and  direction  of  men  incorporated 
for  the  improvement  of  literature. 

"  Should  the  trustees  of  the  College  think  proper  to  found  a  pro- 
fessorship of  anatomy,  Dr.  Shippen  having  been  concerned  already 
in  teaching  that  branch  of  medical  science  is  a  circumstance  favor- 
able to  our  wishes.  Few  here  can  be  ignorant  of  the  great  opportu- 
nities he  has  had  abroad  of  qualifying  himself  in  anatomy,  and  that 
he  has  already  given  three  courses  thereof  in  this  city,  and  designs 
to  enter  upon  a  fourth  course  next  winter." 

"As  far  as  I  can  learn,  everybody  approves  of  my  plan  for  institut- 
ing medical  schools,  and  I  have  the  honor  of  being  appointed  a  public 
professor  for  teaching  physic  in  the  college  here."^     Preface  p.  xiv. 

It  is  not  probable  that  an  honorable  man — as  Dr.  Morgan  undoubt- 
edly was — would  have  used  such  language  had  he  ever  "  concerted" 

^  A  Discourse  upon  the  Institution  of  Medical  Schools  in  America;  Delivered 
at  a  public  Anniversary  Commencement,  held  in  the  College  of  Philadelphia 
May  30  and  31,  1765.  With  a  Preface,  containing  amongst  other  things,  the 
author's  apology  for  attempting  to  introduce  the  regular  mode  of  practising 
Physic  in  Philadelphia.  By  John  Morgan,  M.D.,  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society 
at  London;  Correspondent  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Surgery  at  Paris;  Mem- 
ber of  the  Arcadian  Belles  Lettres  Society  at  Rome;  Licentiate  of  the  Royal 
Colleges  of  Physicians  in  London  andin  Edinburgh;  and  Professor  of  the 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  College  of  Philadelphia.  12mo.  pp. 
xxvi.-63.  Philadelphia.  Printed  and  sold  by  William  Bradford,  at  the  corner 
of  Market  and  Front  Streets.     MDCCLXV. 

Lewis  Library,  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia:  Library  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania. 


40  RUSCHENBERGER, 

with  Dr.  Shipper!  on  the  subject.  The  discourse  was  delivered  on  a 
public  occasion,  and  afterward  printed.  No  part  of  it  has  been  con- 
tradicted. No  evidence  has  been  published  to  show  that  Dr.  Shippen 
had  in  any  way  assisted  Dr.  Morgan  to  devise  the  plan  for  a  school 
of  medicine  in  Philadelphia  which  he  had  laid  before  the  Trustees 
of  the  College.  Nor  is  it  certain  that  they  met  or  were  together 
while  abroad. 

Though  Dr.  Rush's  error  in  connection  with  this  subject  is  not 
significant,  does  not  "partake  of  the  dimensions"  of  his  mind,  it  is 
sufficiently  great  to  be  noted  for  correction,  in  the  interest  of  truth. 

The  work  which  Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  did  toward  the  insti- 
tution of  medical  teaching  in  Philadelphia  was  most  important  and 
creditable. 

After  more  than  three  years  sojourn  in  Europe  he  returned  to 
Philadelphia  in  May,  1762.  About  the  same  time  a  number  of 
crayon  pictures  and  models  and  casts  of  anatomical  parts,  a  gift  from 
Dr.  John  Fothergill,  of  London,  reached  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital, 
and  were  exhibited  for  the  benefit  of  the  institution. 

The  Pennsylvania  G-azette  for  Nov.  11,  1762,  contains  the  follow- 
ing announcement : 

"  Mr.  Hall — Sir :  Please  inform  the  public,  that  a  course  of  ana- 
tomical lectures  will  be  opened  this  winter  in  Philadelphia,  for  the 
advantage  of  young  .Gentlemen  now  engaged  in  the  study  of  Physic, 
in  this  and  the  neishborino:  Provinces,  whose  circumstances  and  Con- 
nections  will  not  admit  of  their  going  abroad  for  Improvement  to  the 
Anatomical  Schools  in  Europe,  and  also  for  the  Entertainment  of 
any  Gentlemen  who  may  have  the  curiosity  to  understand  the 
Anatomy  of  the  Human  Frame. 

"  In  these  Lectures  the  situation,  Figure  and  Structure  of  all  the 
parts  of  the  human  body  will  be  demonstrated,  and  their  respective 
Uses  explained,  and,  as  far  as  a  Course  of  Anatomy  will  permit,  their 
Diseases,  with  the  Indications  and  method  of  Cure  briefly  treated  of; 
all  the  necessary  Operations  in  Surgery  will  be  performed,  a  Course 
of  Bandages  exhibited,  and  the  whole  conclude  with  an  explanation 
of  some  of  the  curious  Phenomena  that  arise  from  an  examination  of 
the  Gravid  Uterus,  and  a  few  plain  general  Directions  in  the  Study 
and  Practice  of  Midwifery. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        41 

"  The  Necessity  and  public  Utility  of  such  a  course  in  this  grow- 
ing Country,  and  the  Method  to  be  pursued  therein,  will  be  more 
particularly  explained  in  an  Introductory  Lecture  to  be  delivered 
the  16th  Instant,  at  six  o'clock  in  the  Evening,  at  the  State  House 
by  William  Shippen  jun.  M.D. 

"  N.  B.  The  Managers  and  Physicians  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  at  a  Special  Meeting,  have  generously  consented  to  coun- 
tenance and  encourage  this  Undertaking ;  and  to  make  it  more  en- 
tertaining and  profitable  have  granted  him  the  use  of  some  curious 
Anatomical  Casts  and  Drawings  (just  arrived  in  the  Carolina, 
Capt.  Friend),  presented  by  the  judicious  and  benevolent  Doctor 
FOTHERGILL,  who  has  improved  every  Opportunity  of  promot- 
ing the  Interest  and  Usefulness  of  that  noble  and  flourishing  Insti- 
tution," 

According  to  this  announcement,  the  Introductory  Lecture  was 
delivered.     Whether  it  was  printed  or  not  has  not  been  ascertained. 

The  Pennsylvania  G-azette  of  Nov.  25,  1762,  No.  1770,  contains 
the  following : 

"  Dr.  Shippen's  Anatomical  Lectures  will  begin  to  morrow  Even- 
ing, at  six  o'clock,  at  his  Father's  house  in  Fourth  street. 

"  Tickets  for  the  course  to  be  had  of  the  Doctor,  at  five  Pistoles 
each;  and  any  Gentlemen  who  incline  to  see  the  subject  prepared 
for  the  Lectures,  and  learn  the  art  of  Dissecting,  Injecting,  &c.,  are 
to  pay  five  Pistoles  more." 

Those  lectures  were  repeated  during  the  winters  of  1763-64  and 
of  1764-65,  three  courses. 

Dr.  Shippen  had  thus  established  a  private  school  of  anatomy. 
The  announcement  of  these  lectures  does  not  suggest  that  he  regarded 
them  as  first  steps  in  the  formation  of  a  complete  medical  college  in 
which  he  expected  to  have,  in  time,  the  cooperation  of  competent 
teachers  ;  nor  has  any  testimony  been  found  to  show  that  he  intended 
to  make  his  private  school  a  part  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia. 
Some  months  after  Dr.  Morgan  had  presented  his  plan  of  establish- 
ing a  public  school  of  medicine,  he  became  a  candidate  for  the  pro- 
fessorship of  anatomy.  His  enterprise,  the  first  of  the  kind  in 
America,  for  which  he  has  been  justly  praised,  had,  no  doubt,  a 


42  RUSCHENBERGER, 

quickening  influence,  and  prepared  the  way  to  the  adoption  of  Dr. 
Morgan's  scheme.     He  was  a  pioneer. 

Nevertheless,  the  credit  of  founding  the  first  school  of  medicine 
established  in  America  under  a  chartered  institution  belongs  exclu- 
sively to  Dr.  John  Morgan.  The  importance  of  the  foundation  is 
manifest  in  the  palpable  advantages  Avhich  the  community  has  derived 
fiom  it.  Their  consequence  enhances  the  merit  of  his  work,  and 
that  gives  interest  to  whatever  relates  to  his  career. 

Dr.  Morgan  was  buried  beside  his  wife,  under  the  middle  aisle  of 
St.  Peter's  Church,  October  17,  1789. 

Angelica  Kauffman  painted  a  portrait  of  him  while  he  was  in 
Rome,  in  1764.  The  picture  is  in  the  possession  of  his  relatives  at 
Morganza,  Pa.  A  copy  of  it  is  in  the  Wistar  and  Horner  Museum 
of  the  University.  A  photograph  of  an  etching  from  the  original 
was  made,  not  very  long  ago,  by  F.  Gutekunst,  of  this  city. 

The  record  of  proceedings  of  the  College  shows  that  during  the 
year  1790,  nineteen  meetings  were  held,  all  occupied  chiefly  by  the 
afiairs  of  the  College. 

On  the  21st  of  April,  twenty  Fellows,  in  a  body,  to  represent  the 
Society,  attended  the  funeral  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin. 

The  by-laws  were  printed  for  the  first  time  and  presented  to  the 
Fellows,  June  Ist.^ 

At  a  special  meeting,  held  on  Friday,  at  5  o'clock,  p.  m.,  July  9th, 
"in  the  Grammar  School,"  twenty-five  Fellows  being  present.  Dr. 
Rush  delivered  an  eulogium  on  Dr.  William  Cullen,  late  Professor 
of  the  Practice  of  Physic  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  in  com- 
pliance with  the  unanimous  wish  of  the  College,  May  4,  1790,  to  do 
honor  to  his  distinguished  character,  and  to  express  its  sense  of  the 
loss  which  the  republic  of  medicine  has  sustained  in  his  death. 

October  5th,  Dr.  Samuel  Duffield  was  elected  treasurer  of  the 
College,  vice  Dr.  Gerardus  Clarkson. 

1  At  that  time  the  Fellows  of  the  College  numbered  28. 
Sect.  1,  Art.  VIII.  of  the  by-laws:  "No  member  shall  divulge  the  private 
transactions  of  the  College." 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        43 


NOTICE  OF  DR.  GERARDUS  CLARKSON. 

Dr.  Gerardus  Clarkson,  the  youngest  of  the  six  children  of 
Mathew  Clarkson  and  his  wife,  Cornelia  Banker  de  Peyster,  was 
born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  in  1737.  His  father  died  at  the  age 
of  forty  years.  His  mother  removed  to  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  and 
there  married  the  Rev.  Gilbert  Tennent,  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church.  Shortly  afterward,  in  1743,  Mr,  Tennent  was  called  to 
the  New  Presbyterian  Church,  in  Philadelphia. 

Gerardus  was  educated  under  the  supervision  of  his  stepfather,  at 
Log  College,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  then  under  the  direction  of  the  Rev. 
William  Tennent,  father  of  Gilbert.  He  studied  medicine  under 
Dr.  Thomas  Bond.  At  the  close  of  his  apprenticeship,  he  went  to 
Europe  in  1760,  and  after  a  prolonged  absence  returned  and  settled 
in  Philadelphia. 

Relative  to  the  career  of  Dr.  Gerardus  Clarkson,  the  first  treasurer 
of  the  College,  only  meagre  and  unsatisfactory  statements  have  been 
found  in  print.  The  Pennsylvania  G-azette  for  Sept.  22,  1790,  tells 
us  that  Dr.  Gerardus  Clarkson  died  on  Sunday,  Sept.  19th,  in  the 
fifty-third  year  of  his  age,  leaving  a  numerous  and  respectable  family ; 
and  that  his  public  and  private  and  religious  character  was  in  every 
sense  exemplary.  The  compiler  of  the  Lives  of  Eminent  Philadel- 
phians  now  deceased,  merely  informs  us  that  he  was  a  son  of  jNIathew 
C.  Clarkson,  of  New  York,  and  that  he  was  practising  medicine  as 
early  as  1774. 

It  is  registered  in  Christ  Church,  Philadelphia,  that  Gerardus 
Clarkson  married.  May  13,  1761,  Mary  Flower.  She  died,  and  was 
buried  in  St.  Peter's  churchyard  January  20,  1795. 

He  is  named  among  the  members  of  the  Philadelphia  Medical 
Society  in  1766  or  '67.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society  Oct.  14,  1768,  and  a  trustee  of  the  University 
of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  July  21,  1780.  The  minutes  show  that 
he  was  rarely  absent  from  the  meetings  of  the  board  of  trustees.  The 
duties  of  treasurer  of  the  College  he  discharged  exactly.  Diligent 
inquiry  for  more  information  about  his  life  has  been  fruitless.  He 
was  buried  in  Christ  Church  cemetery  Sept.  20, 1790.     There  is  tes- 


44  RUSCHENBERGER, 

timony  that  he  was  a  pious,  affectionate,  modest,  beloved  physician, 
and  was  mourned  by  a  large  circle  of  friends.  John  Swanwick  has 
expressed  lament  for  his  loss  in  verses  which  are  among  his  poems, 
published  in  1797.^ 

December  7,  1790,  the  committee  on  the  annual  statement  of 
prevalent  diseases  presented  a  report. 

Drs.  Jones,  Rush,  and  Parke  were  appointed  to  prepare  an  address, 
asking  Congress  to  discourage  the  importation  and  use  of  distilled 
spirits. 

Dr.  Abraham  Chovet,  one  of  the  founders,  died  March  24,  1790. 
His  death  is  not  recorded  in  the  minutes  of  proceedings. 


NOTICE  OF  DR.  ABRAHAM  CHOVET.^ 

Of  the  twelve  senior  founders  of  the  College  Dr.  Chovet  is  one  who 
was  not  born  in  or  near  Philadelphia.  At  the  time  of  forming  the 
Society  his  years  exceeded  fourscore.  At  such  an  advanced  age  men 
are  not  invited  to  engage  in  a  new  enterprise  unless  their  qualifica- 
tions are  eminent  in  the  estimation  of  their  colleagues.  And  it  is 
notable  that  the  publications  of  his  time  tell  us  very  little  about  Dr. 
Chovet.  It  is  only  by  joining  together  fragments,  a  paragraph  here 
and  a  sentence  there,  that  an  outline  of  his  character  and  career  can 
be  sketched  at  the  present  time. 

Mary  Ann  Marshall  presented  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  an 
admirable  miniature  wrought  of  wax  in  high  i-elief,  on  the  back  of 
the  framing  of  which  is  deeply  scratched,  "Abraham  Chovet,  born 
May  25,  1704— Drawn  May  25,  1784,  by  his  servant  Dr.  Van 
Eeckhout." 

In  the  letter,  dated  Christmas,  1871,  which  accompanied  the  gift. 
Miss  Marshall  states  that  the  miniature  was  presented  to  her  grand- 

^  Poems  on  Several  Occasions,  by  John  Swanwick,  Esq.,  one  of  the  Kepresen- 
tatives  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  from  the  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
Philadelphia,  1797. 

^  This  is  not  a  French  but  an  English  patronymic ;  one  of  a  class  of  two  syl- 
lable names  ending  in  ei  or  ett,  as  Cobbett,  Collet,  Corbet,  Dallet,  Govet,  Levet, 
Lovet,  Plunket,  Nisbet. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    r'HILADELPHIA.        45 

father  in  1793,  by  Mrs.  Susannah  Maria  Penelope  Abington,  the 
doctor's  daughter,  who  died  in  1813.  Both  she  and  her  father  were 
buried  in  Christ  Church  cemetery,  at  the  corner  of  Arch  and  Fifth 
Streets.  Dr.  Chovet  was  born  in  England  and  educated  in  London. 
He  fled  to  Philadelphia  with  his  widowed  daughter  from  one  of  the 
West  India  islands  to  escape  from  an  insurrection  of  slaves,  some 
years  before  our  revolution. 

It  is  stated  in  Memorials  of  the  Craft  of  Surgery  in  JEngland,  by 
John  Flint  South,  London,  1886,  that  Mr.  Abraham  Chovett  was 
appointed,  Aug.  21,  1735,  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  the  United 
Company  of  Barbers  and  Surgeons,  and  resigned  Aug.  19,  1736. 
The  identity  of  that  demonstrator  of  anatomy  and  this  founder  of  the 
College  can  scarcely  be  doubted,  though  the  printer  has  given  to  his 
name  a  redundant  t. 

The  tombstone  of  Mrs.  Abington,  Dr.  Chovet's  daughter,  tells  that 
she  was  born  Oct.  30,  1736,  and  died  April  3,  1813.  Construed  in 
connection  with  the  date  of  his  appointment  in  the  United  Company 
of  Barbers  and  Surgeons,  this  record  implies  that  he  was  married  in 
London. 

His  wife  died  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  buried  in  Christ  Church 
cemetery  February  12,  1785. 

A  periodical  of  the  time  announces  that  Dr.  Abraham  Chovet,  an 
eminent  anatomist  and  extraordinary  man,  died,  of  an  acute  disease, 
March  24,  1790,  in  the  eighty-sixth  year  of  his  age. 

He  visited  his  patients  in  all  weathers  till  within  a  few  weeks 
before  his  death.  A  few  minutes  before  he  died  he  requested  his 
family  to  give  him  a  plain  funeral,  and  by  no  means  to  have  the  bells 
rung  for  him,  because  he  wished  not  to  disturb  sick  people  by  such 
an  unnecessary  noise. 

The  custom  of  ringing  a  passing  hell  was  originally  a  signal  of  a 
soul's  passing  from  this  world  into  the  world  of  spirits,  and  intended 
to  call  upon  all  persons  within  the  sound  of  that  bell  to  fall  on  their 
knees  and  pray  for  that  departed  soul. 

Dr.  Chovet  said,  "  that  physician  was  an  impostor  who  did  not 
live  till  he  was  eighty."  He  devoted  the  early  part  of  his  life  to  the 
study  of  anatomy,  under  the  ablest  anatomists  of  Europe.  He  after- 
ward  settled   in    the   island   of  Jamaica,  where   he   continued  his 


46  RUSCHENBERGER, 

anatomical  dissections  and  studies.  He  came  to  Philadelphia  in 
1770.^ 

Dr.  John  Morgan  says,  in  his  paper  on  the  "  Art  of  Making 
Anatomical  Preparations  by  Corrosion :  "  "  Dr.  Chovet,  now  [1786] 
resident  in  this  city,  has  indeed  a  good  collection  of  Avax  preparations 
of  different  parts  of  the  human  body,  which  he  made  in  his  younger 
days  and  brought  hither  from  Europe."^ 

Christopher  Marshall,  who  had  accumulated  a  competency  as  a 
druggist  and  retired  from  business  before  the  American  Revolution 
began,  attended  Dr,  Chovet's  lecture,  January  27,  1775. 

His  advertisement  was  thus :  "  At  the  Anatomical  Museum  in 
Videl's  Alley,  Second  Street,  on  Wednesday,  the  seventh  of  Decem- 
ber, at  six  in  the  evening,  Dr  Chovet  will  begin  his  course  of 
Anatomical  and  Physiological  lectures,  in  which  the  several  parts  of 
the  human  body  will  be  demonstrated,  with  their  mechanism  and 
actions,  together  with  the  doctrines  of  life,  health,  and  the  several 
effects  resulting  from  the  actions  of  the  parts  ;  on  his  curious  collec- 
tion of  anatomical  wax-works,  and  other  natural  preparations ;  to  be 
continued  the  whole  winter  until  the  course  is  completed. 

"As  this  course  cannot  be  attended  with  the  disagreeable  sight  or 
smell  of  recent  deceased  and  putrid  carcases,  which  often  disgust  even 
the  students  of  Physic,  as  well  as  the  curious,  otherwise  inclined  to 
this  useful  and  sublime  part  of  natural  philosophy,  it  is  hoped  this 
undertaking  will  meet  with  suitable  encouragement. 

"  Tickets  to  be  had  for  the  whole  course  at  Dr.  Chovet's  house  in 
Second  Street,  Philadelphia."^ 

The  price  of  a  ticket  was  three  guineas. 

In  his  history  of  the  institution.  Dr.  George  B.  Wood  states  that  the 
Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  in  April,  1793,  purchased 
from  the  executors  of  this  eminent  and  somewhat  eccentric  physician, 
his  collection  of  anatomical  preparations  and  wax  models,  then  re- 
garded as  masterpieces  of  the  art.     They,  with  the  Fothergill  crayons 

^  The  Universal  As^^lum  and  Columbian  Magazine,  for  March,  1790,  p.  138. 

*  Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc,  vol.  ii.  p.  366,  1786. 

'  Passages  from  the  Diary  of  Christopher  Marshall,  kept  in  Philadelphia  and 
Lancaster  during  the  American  Revolution.  Edited  by  William  Duane. 
Philadelphia :  Hazard  &  Mitchell,  1839-49. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        47 

and  casts,  were  given  to  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  April, 
1824.  Those  which  have  not  been  ruined  by  frequent  moving  are 
still  in  the  Wistar  and  Horner  Museum  at  the  University. 

It  is  related  that  a  contrite  Tory,  Isaac  Hunt,  was  in  a  cart  riding 
through  the  streets,  and  at  different  halts  confessing  his  eri'ors  and 
asking  pardon  of  a  following  mob  of  persecutors,  to  earn  exemption 
from  a  threatened  coat  of  tar  and  feathers.  When  they  stopped  at 
his  corner.  Dr.  Kearsley,  who  was  known. to  be  an  enthusiastic  Tory, 
threw  up  his  window  and  snapped  a  pistol  twice  at  the  crowd.  He 
was  immediately  seized  and  disarmed.  They  took  Hunt  out  of  the 
cart  and  allowed  him  to  be  conducted  to  his  home.  Dr.  Kearsley 
was  placed  in  the  cart  and  paraded  through  the  streets  with  beating 
drum,  and,  although  he  made  no  concessions,  he  was  left  at  his 
home. 

The  same  day,  Sept.  6,  1775,  Dr.  Chovet,  also  a  Tory,  in  dread 
of  tar  and  feathers,  sought  asylum  at  the  house  of  Christopher  Mar- 
shall, but  was  refused  entrance.  Late  in  the  evening  he  tapped  at 
the  window  to  announce  his  narrow  escape.  He  had  been  several 
hours  concealed  under  the  hay  in  Mr.  Marshall's  stable,  where  the 
tar  and  feathering  party  sought  him  twice,  and  once  were  very  near, 
as  he  believed,  on  the  point  of  discovering  him. 

Dr.  Kearsley  was  arrested  the  next  day,  and,  being  staunchly 
loyal  to  the  king,  was  imprisoned,  sent  to  Carlisle,  Pa.  and  died 
there  November,  1777,^  still  a  prisoner. 

Dr.  Bridges  announced  to  the  College,  Dec.  4,  1867,  that  he  had 
received,  through  Dr.  Alexander  Wilcocks,  of  this  city,  from  Mrs. 
L.  C.  Hay,  of  Trenton,  N.  J.,  a  portrait  of  Dr.  Abraham  Chovet.  At 
the  next  meeting  of  the  College  the  Hall  Committee  was  authorized 
to  have  it  cleaned  and  framed. 

The  picture  is  in  the  library  of  the  College.  It  is  a  likeness  of 
the  full  face  only,  wearing  a  cheerful,  animated  expression. 

Dr.  Chovet  is  represented  to  have  been  a  man  of  small,  almost 
dwarfish  stature,  and  of  a  mirthful,  jocular  disposition.  It  is  related 
that  he  received  and  opened  a  ship  letter  at  "  the  coflFee  house,"  and 
was  asked  what  news  it  brought.     He  sedately  answered,  "I  am  in- 

^  Christopher  Marshall's  Remembrancer. 


48  RUSCHENBERGER, 

formed  that  a  cobbler  whose  stall  was  on  London  bridge  has  just  died, 
and,  has  left — Gentlemen,  how  much  do  you  suppose?"  One  an- 
swered, a  hundred  pounds.  "No,"  replied  the  Doctor,  "guess 
again."  Several  sums  were  named,  but  the  Doctor  shook  his  head. 
One  mentioned  five  thousand  pounds.  Then  the  Doctor  pocketed 
his  letter,  and  as  he  was  passing  quickly  into  the  street,  said,  *■'  Gen- 
tlemen— not  a  farthing." 

Watson,  in  his  Annals  of  Philadelphia,  describes  his  appearance 
in  advanced  life.  According  to  the  tradition  which  he  records.  Dr. 
Chovet,  enfeebled  by  age,  might  be  seen  almost  daily,  shuffling  along 
in  seeming  haste.  His  bowed  head,  which  leaned  forward  beyond 
the  cape  of  his  old-fashioned  black  coat,  was  covered  by  a  small 
cocked  hat,  closely  turned  up  behind  upon  the  crown  and  cocked  in 
front,  which  did  not  conceal  his  long  white  hair.  He  lacked  teeth 
and  his  compressed  lips  were  in  continuous  motion  as  if  he  were 
crunching  something.  He  carried  a  gold-headed  Indian  cane,  se- 
cured by  a  black  silken  string,  dangling  from  his  wrist.  The  heels 
of  his  capacious  shoes,  well  lined  in  winter  season  with  thick  woollen 
cloth,  and  ferrule  of  his  cane  might  be  heard  jingling  and  scraping 
the  pavement  at  every  step.  On  the  street  he  always  seemed  to  be 
hastening,  as  fast  as  his  aged  limbs  would  permit,  to  a  patient  dan- 
gerously ill,  without  looking  to  the  right  or  the  left. 

It  is  said  that  he  used  expletives  freely  in  his  conversation,  and 
was  notable  for  sarcastic  wit.^ 

These  little  bits  of  history  do  not  imply  that  his  career  was  alwaye 
smooth.  Necessity  to  go  on  foot  at  his  very  advanced  age — ^even  up 
to  a  few  weeks  of  his  death — to  visit  patients  in  all  kinds  of  weather, 
signifies  that  his  was  not  a  victorious  business  life.  Yet,  his  charac- 
ter and  the  high  quality  of  his  professional  acquirements  entitle  him 
to  rank  among  the  eminent  seniors  of  the  College,  and  with  them  to 
respectful  remembrance. 

The  average  attendance  at  the  meetings  of  the  College  during 
1791  was  12.2. 

1  Watson's  Annals  of  Philadelphia,  vol.  2,  p.  181. 

Simpson's  Lives  of  Eminent  Philadelphians  now  deceased.  William  Brother- 
head.     Philadelphia,  1859. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        49 

April  1st.  Dr.  Benjamin  Say  was  elected  Treasurer,  vice  Dr. 
Samuel  DuiSeld  resigned. 

July  5tli.  Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  was  elected  Vice-President 
in  place  of  Dr.  John  Jones,  deceased. 

August  2d.  Dr.  Redman  thanked  the  College  for  his  reelection  as 
President. 

September  6th.  To  enable  the  College  to  hire  a  room  suitable  for 
its  meetings  and  accommodation  of  its  library,  it  was  determined  to 
increase  the  entrance  fee  to  ten  pounds  ($26.66),  and  after  July, 
1792,  the  annual  contribution  to  four  dollars. 

December  6th.  A  room  in  the  hall  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society  had  been  leased  from  December  10,  1791,  till  June  10, 1794, 
— three  years  and  a  half — for  thirty  pounds  ($79.80)  prepaid — less 
than  $23  a  year — and  the  room  furnished  at  a  cost  of  $72.  The 
thanks  of  the  College  had  been  presented  to  the  Trustees  of  the 
late  College  and  Academy  of  Philadelphia  for  the  use  of  a  room. 
The  Society's  beginning  as  an  independent  householder  was  modest, 
inexpensive. 

NOTICE  OF  DE.  JOHN  JONES. 

The  decease  of  Dr.  Jones  is  not  mentioned  in  the  record  of  pro- 
ceedings. But  in  returning  thanks  to  the  College  for  his  reelection 
to  the  presidency.  Dr.  John  Redman  said,  August  2,  1791,  "I 
should  not  have  been  easy  under  the  sense  I  had  of  my  growing  in- 
firmities of  body  and  mind  for  some  time  past,  to  have  continued  to 
accept  the  honor  you  have  so  repeatedly  conferred  upon  me,  but 
from  the  consideration  that  you  always  joined  a  colleague  with  me  as 
Vice-President,  whose  eminence  and  reputation  in  our  profession, 
and  whose  clearness  of  judgement,  vigor  of  faculties,  and  easy 
manner  of  conveying  his  sentiments,  together  with  his  friendly  dis- 
position to  aid  me,  fully  obviated  and  prevented  any  ill  effects,  natur- 
ally to  be  expected  from  declining  age,  and  rendered  my  situation 
more  pleasant  than  otherwise  it  might  have  been.  But  though  much 
and  justly  respected  by  us,  and  all  connected  with  him  in  kindred, 
friendship,  and  business,  he  was  mortal,  and  he  has  gone — no  more 
to  return,  to  aid  by  his  talents,  or  gratify  us  by  his  presence  at  our 

4 


50  RUSCHENBERGER, 

meetings,  or  cheer  us  by  his  affability,  agreeable  converse,  and  polite 
manners.  And,  therefore  (though  somewhat  late  and  unseasonable), 
I  must  indulge  myself  in  sympathizing  Avith  you  and  regretting  the 
real  loss  which  the  republic  of  medicine  in  general,  and  our  col- 
legiate society  in  particular,  have  sustained  thereby.  Much  did  I 
expect,  from  his  being  several  years  younger  than  myself,  and  so 
well  and  justly  esteemed  by  you,  that  he  would  be  my  next  successor; 
and  from  a  settled  resolution  soon  to  request  my  dismission  (if  not 
otherwise  removed),  I  sometimes  flattered  myself  with  having  the 
pleasure  to  see  him  raised  to  your  presidential  chair — to  which  I 
should  most  heartily  have  concurred — as  well  on  account  of  his  own 
merit  and  qualifications,  as  because  it  would  have  been  highly  grati- 
fying to  me  to  be  a  living  witness  of  our  College  being  headed  by 
one  whose  eminence  in  more  than  one  of  the  material  branches  of 
medical  science,  and  reputation  among  our  citizens  in  general  was 
still  very  flourishing,  and  whose  connection  with  and  estimation  in 
which  he  was  held  by  the  higher  orders  and  rank  of  them,  was  so 
conspicuous  and  intimate,  as  might  contribute  to  the  greater  external 
dignity  of  the  institution,  and  render  its  influence  more  powerful 
and  effectual  on  any  particular  occasion  of  public  utility,  wherein  it 
might  be  thought  requisite  or  be  called  upon  to  exert  it." 

The  first  President's  tribute  to  the  memory  of  the  first  Vice- 
President  excites  curiosity  now  to  know  something  of  his  career. 
Dr.  Redman  speaks  only  of  those  personal  qualities  which  made 
him  a  beloved  companion,  when  a  dozen  Fellows,  more  or  less, 
assembled  at  the  afternoon  meetings  and  discussed  matters  in  a  col- 
loquial manner,  both  before  the  meeting  was  called  to  order  and  after 
its  adjournment.  The  record  implies  that  the  formal  proceedings 
seldom  occupied  much  time.  Dr.  Joseph  Parrish,  in  his  obituary 
notice  of  Dr.  Thomas  Parke,  alludes  to  tradition  of  the  early  meetings 
where  the  elders  and  juniors  mingled  in  pleasant  and  profitable  con- 
versation. 

Dr.  John  Jones,  son  of  Dr.  Evan  Jones  (and  grandson  of  Edward 
Jones,  whose  wife  Mary  was  the  eldest  daughter  of  Dr.  Thomas 
Wynne),  was  born  at  Jamaica,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  in  1729.  All 
his  grandparents  belonged  to  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  were  born 


INSTITUTION    OP    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        51 

and  lived  in  Wales  prior  to  1682.  In  that  year  Edward  Jones  and 
his  family  settled  in  Merion  Township,  County  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

After  studvino;  medicine  for  some  time  under  the  direction  of  Dr. 
Thomas  Cadwalader  and  of  his  father,  who  practised  medicine  in 
Philadelphia  for  a  while  before  he  removed  to  Long  Island,^  John 
Jones  went  to  Europe,  continued  his  studies  in  London,  Edinburgh, 
and  Paris,  and,  in  1757,  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the 
University  of  Rheims. 

On  his  return  from  Europe,  he  settled  in  New  York  and  obtained 
practice.  About  the  year  1758,  he  was  a  surgeon  in  the  colonial 
army  employed  against  the  French.  At  the  close  of  this  war  he 
resumed  private  practice.  When  a  medical  department  was  estab- 
lished in  what  was  then  King's  College,  1768,  he  was  appointed 
professor  of  surgery.^ 

He  was  chosen,  April  21,  1769,  a  member  of  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society,  and  elected  a  member  of  its  Council,  January, 
1786. 

In  the  autumn  of  1775,  he  published -P?am  Remarks  on  Wounds 
and  Fractures^  for  the  use  of  surgeons  of  the  army  and  navy,  very 
many  of  whom  at  that  time  lacked  surgical  experience.  In  the  then 
critical  condition  of  American  aifairs,  the  work  was  regarded  as  op- 
portune and  valuable. 

About  the  close  of  the  year  1779,  or  the  beginning  of  1780,  he 
settled  in  Philadelphia. 

In  1780  he  succeeded  Dr.  John  Redman  as  one  of  the  Physicians 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital ;  was  elected  the  first  President  of  the 
Humane  Society,  and  a  consulting  physician  of  the  Philadelphia 
Dispensary. 

In  1786  he  was  elected  the  first  Vice-President  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  of  Philadelphia. 

Dr.  John  Jones  was  especially  distinguished  as  a  successful  lithoto- 
mist,  and  also  as  an  accoucheur.  He  was  generally  considered  to  be 
the  foremost  American  surgeon  of  his  day,  noted  for  the  prudence 

^  The  Early  Physicians  of  Philadelphia  and  its  Vicinity.  By  James  J. 
Levick,  M.D. 

"^  History  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
By  Joseph  Carson,  M.D.,  etc.    Note  p.  68. 


62  RUSCHENBERGER, 

of  the  plan  and  the  celerity  of  his  operations,  a  quality  very  highly 
valued  before  the  introduction  of  anaesthetics.^ 

He  Avas  an  intimate  friend  and  the  physician  of  Dr.  Benjamin 
Franklin,  and  attended  him  in  his  last  illness.  He  -was  also  the 
family  physician  of  President  Washington  after  the  government  of 
the  United  States  was  removed  to  Philadelphia. 

Dr.  Jones  personally  was  of  medium  but  slender  stature.  His 
chest  was  well-formed.  He  was  frequently  afflicted  with  asthma. 
He  had  a  quick  and  penetrating  eye,  a  cheerful  though  sedate  coun- 
tenance, and  his  whole  deportment  was  urbane.  His  gravity  of  ap- 
pearance and  dignity  of  manners  never  failed  to  command  respect. 

Few  persons  possessed  more  of  those  engaging  qualities  which 
render  a  man  estimable,  both  professionally  and  otherwise,  than  Dr. 
Jones.  His  conversation  was  most  pleasing.  His  language  flowed 
in  an  easy,  spontaneous  manner,  and  was  animated  by  a  vein  of 
sprightly  but  always  unoffending  wit,  which  delighted  while  it  secured 
attention.  He  was  a  belles-lettres  scholar ;  was  observant,  and  pos- 
sessed a  good  memory  ;  and  was  ever  a  most  agreeable,  entertaining, 
and  instructive  companion. 

Dr.  Jones  died  June  23,  1791,  in  the  sixty-third  year  of  his  age, 
very  sincerely  and  widely  regretted. 

The  average  attendance  at  the  meetings  during  1792  was  10.1. 

March  6th.  Dr.  Waters  volunteered  to  be  librarian  for  one  year. 

April  3d.  The  printing  of  a  volume  of  transactions  was  discussed; 
Drs.  Shippen,  Rush,  and  Griffitts  were  appointed,  June  5th,  to  pre- 
pare a  preface  for  the  work,  and  papers  to  be  printed  were  selected 
by  ballot. 

1  The  Surgical  Works  of  the  late  John  Jones,  M.D.  Formerly  Professor  of 
Surgery  in  the  College  of  New  York,  Fellow  [?]  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society,  President  of  the  Humane  Society,  and  Vice-President  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  Physician  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and 
Philadelphia  Dispensary.  The  third  edition.  To  which  are  added  a  short 
account  of  the  life  of  the  author  with  occasional  notes  and  observations.  By 
James  Mease,  M.D.,  Resident  Physician  of  the  Port  of  Philadelphia.  Printed 
by  Wrigley  &  Berriman,  Phihidelphia,  1795. 

Copy  presented  by  Dr.  Mease  to  the  Library  Company  of  Philadelphia. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        53 

July  3d.  The  publication  of  Transactions  was  postponed  and  the 
committee  discharged. 

November  6th.  At  his  own  request,  Dr.  Waters  was  superseded  as 
librarian  by  Dr.  Leib ;  and  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Meteorology  by  Dr.  Parke. 

The  minutes  of  1792  are  brief,  without  interesting  record.  Two 
Fellows  were  elected,  and  one  of  the  Seniors  died.  The  loss  is  not 
noted. 

NOTICE  OF  DR.  GEORGE  GLENTWORTH. 

Dr.  George  Glentworth  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  July  22,  1735. 

After  completing  an  academic  course,  he  was  apprenticed  to  Dr. 
Peter  Sonmans,  a  physician  and  surgeon  of  extensive  practice,  and 
a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society  from  October, 
1768.     He  died  March  15,  1776,  aged  sixty-seven  years. 

At  the  close  of  his  apprenticeship.  Dr.  Glentworth  was  appointed 
a  junior  surgeon  in  the  British  Army. 

He  went  to  Europe  in  1755,  spent  three  years  attending  hospitals 
and  lectures,  and,  after  defending  a  thesis  on  pulmonary  consumption, 
received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  from  the  University  of 
Edinburgh. 

On  his  return  to  Philadelphia  he  became  the  partner  of  Dr.  Son- 
mans. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society 
October  14,  1768. 

In  1777  he  relinquished  a  large  practice,  and  accepted,  first  the 
appointment  of  a  regimental  surgeon,  and  afterward  that  of  a  senior 
surgeon  in  the  military  hospital  of  the  American  army.  He  re- 
sumed private  practice  in  1780. 

In  1786  he  joined  in  founding  the  College  of  Physicians,  and  was 
one  of  the  twelve  Senior  Fellows. 

He  died  from  an  attack  of  gout  November  4,  1792,  aged  57  years. 

It  is  represented  that  he  was  noted  for  his  humanity  to  the  poor ; 
for  his  good  temper  and  agreeable  deportment,  and  for  being  a  con- 
stant reader  of  professional  books. 

The  Rev.   Dr.    Samuel   Magaw,   on   the   Sunday  next  after  his 


54  RUSCHENBERGER, 

funeral,  spoke  of  him  from  his  pulpit.  He  said:  "Thy  fellow 
citizens,  thy  neighborhood,  thy  family,  thy  church,  miss  thee,  vener- 
able man,  Glentworth !  the  faithful,  the  experienced,  able,  successful 
physician,  whose  pleasing  unwearied  task  it  was,  by  day  and  by 
night,  to  soften  and  relieve  the  ills  of  sickly  human  nature ;  Glent- 
worth, the  mild,  the  sociable,  the  friendly,  the  intelligent,  the  patri- 
otic citizen  ;  Glentworth,  the  amiable  pattern  of  domestic  attention, 
worth  and  respectability.  The  testimony  to  thy  virtues,  given  in 
this  solemn  place,  is  short ;  not  so  shall  be  the  remembrance  of  them."^ 

Notable  and  interestinfj  events  connected  with  the  College  occurred 
during  the  year  1793.  The  average  attendance  at  the  nineteen 
meetings  was  10.5. 

Dr.  William  Clarkson  resigned  February  9th,  because  new  and 
different  engagements  would  prevent  him  from  discharging  his  duties 
in  the  College. 

NOTICE  OF  DR.  WILLIAM  CLARKSON. 

Dr.  William  Clarkson,  a  son  of  Dr.  Gerardus  Clarkson,  was  born 
November  7,  1763.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  College  of  New 
Jersey,  and,  in  1785,  of  the  medical  department  of  the  University 
of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  After  his  resignation  from  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  he  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church.  He  was  settled  in  Bridgeton,  N.  J. ;  in  Schenectady, 
N.  Y. ;  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  and  in  John's  Island,  S.  C,  where  he 
died  September  9,  1812. 

He  married  Catharine,  a  daughter  of  William  Floyd,  who  was 
one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

May  7th.  Article  7  of  the  Constitution  was  amended  so  as  to  read : 
"  The  business  of  the  Censors  shall  be  to  inspect  the  records  and 
examine  the  accounts  and  expenditures  of  the  College,  and  report 
thereon.  And  all  communications  made  to  the  College,  after  being 
read  at  one  of  the  stated  meetings,  shall  be  referred  to  the  President, 
Vice-President,  Censors,  and  such  other  members  of  the  College  as 

1  Columbian  Magazine,  p.  367,  vol.  9,  1792. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        55 

shall  be  nominated  for  the  purpose,  who  shall  determine  by  vote 
taken  by  ballot,  on  the  propriety  of  publishing  them  in  the  Trans- 
actions of  the  College." 

Under  a  rule  of  this  kind,  unimportant  or  imperfectly  considered 
essays  had  little  chance  of  publication 

A  committee  to  print,^  another  to  publish,"  and  a  third^  to  prepare 
a  preface  for  the  first  volume  of  Transactions  were  appointed. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  August  25th,  to  consider  what  steps 
the  College  should  take,  consistently  with  duty  to  their  fellow  citizens, 
in  connection  with  "the  prevalence  of  a  fever  of  a  very  alarming 
nature  in  some  parts  of  the  city."  Drs.  Rush,  Hutchinson,  Say, 
and  Wistar,  were  appointed  to  consider  the  subject  and  report  the 
next  day. 

August  26th.  It  was  resolved  to  meet  every  Monday  at  four  o'clock 
P.M.,  "to  confer  upon  the  treatment  of  the  existing  malignant  fever." 
The  following  "directions  for  preventing  the  further  progress  of  the 
malignant  fever"  were  adopted,  signed  by  the  Vice-President  and 
Secretary,  and  a  copy  ordered  to  be  sent  to  the  Mayor  of  the  city. 

August  26,  1793.  The  College  of  Physicians  having  taken  into 
consideration  the  malignant  and  contagious  fever  which  now  prevails 
in  this  city,  have  agreed  to  recommend  to  their  fellow  citizens  the 
following  means  of  preventing  its  progress  : 

First.  That  all  unnecessary  intercourse  should  be  avoided  with 
such  persons  as  are  infected  by  it. 

Second.  To  place  a  mark  upon  the  door  or  windows  of  such 
houses  as  have  any  infected  persons  therein. 

Third.  To  place  the  persons  infected  in  the  centre  of  large  and 
airy  rooms,  in  beds  without  curtains,  and  to  pay  the  strictest  regard 
to  cleanliness  by  frequently  changing  their  body  and  bed  linen;  also 
by  removing  as  speedily  as  possible  all  offensive  matters  from  their 
rooms. 

Fourth.  To  provide  a  large  and  airy  hospital,  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  city,  for  the  reception  of  such  poor  persons  as  cannot  be 
accommodated  with  the  above  advantages  in  private  houses. 

1  Eoss,  Wistar,  and  Griffitts.  '  Leib,  Currie,  and  Gibbons. 

^  Rush,  Shippen,  and  Griffitts. 


56  RUSCHENBERGER, 

Fifth.  To  put  a  stop  to  the  Tolling  of  the  Bells. 

Sixth.  To  bury  such  persons  as  die  of  this  Fever  in  carriages, 
and  in  as  private  a  manner  as  possible. 

Seventh.  To  keep  the  streets  and  wharves  of  the  city  as  clean  as 
possible.  As  the  contagion  of  the  disease  may  be  taken  into  the 
body,  and  pass  out  of  it  without  producing  the  fever,  unless  it  be 
rendered  active  by  some  occasional  cause,  the  following  means  should 
be  attended  to,  to  prevent  the  contagion  being  excited  into  action  in 
the  body  : 

Eighth.  To  avoid  all  fatigue  of  body  and  mind. 

Ninth.  To  avoid  standing  or  sitting  in  the  sun,  also  in  a  current 
of  air,  or  in  the  evening  air. 

Tenth.  To  accommodate  the  dress  to  the  weather,  and  to  exceed 
rather  in  warm  than  in  cool  clothing. 

Eleventh.  To  avoid  intemperance ;  but  to  use  fermented  liquors, 
such  as  wine,  beer,  and  cider,  with  moderation. 

The  College  conceives  Fires  to  be  a  very  ineffectual  if  not  dangerous 
means  of  checking  the  progress  of  the  fever.  They  have  reason  to 
place  more  dependence  upon  the  burning  of  Gunpowder.  The 
benefits  of  Vinegar  and  Camphor  are  confined  chiefly  to  infected 
rooms,  and  they  cannot  be  used  too  frequently  upon  handkerchiefs 
or  in  smelling  bottles  by  persons  whose  duty  calls  them  to  visit  or 
attend  the  sick. 

(The  original  of  the  above,  with  some  erasures  and  some  words 
interlined,  is  in  the  writing  of  Dr.  Rush.) 

September  3d.  An  account  of  yellow  fever  in  1762,  with  the 
method  of  cure,  by  Dr.  John  Redman,  was  read.  For  his  important 
communication  the  College  voted  him  its  thanks.^ 

The  Secretary  reported  that  twenty-six  copies  of  the  first  part  of 
Vol.  I.  of  the  Transactions  of  the  College  had  been  received  from 
the  publisher.  The  printing  committee  was  directed  to  send  a  copy 
to  the  author  of  each  paper  in  the  volume,  and  to  the  medical  societies 
of  the  United  States  and  of  Europe. 

Ordered  that  the  College  meet  every  Tuesday  and  Friday,  at  4 
o'clock,  p.  M. 

1  The  original  MS.,  written  by  Dr.  Redman,  is  in  the  library  of  the  College 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        57 

September  6th.  A  letter  was  received  from  Dr.  Rush,  "recom- 
mending the  liberal  use  of  mercury,  particularly  in  the  first  stage  " 
of  the  epidemic  !  Also,  from  Dr.  Charlton,  President  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  the  State  of  New  York,  asking  information  concerning 
the  contagious  fever  now  prevalent  in  the  city. 

Letters  of  similar  import  were  received  from  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  and  Dr.  Stevens,  of  New  York,  September  13th. 

September  17th.  Drs.  Redman  and  Currie  were  the  only  Fellows 
present.  After  this  day  there  was  no  meeting  of  the  College  till 
November  5th.  Then  the  President  submitted  a  note,  in  substance : 
October  1st.  The  President  and  Secretary,  as  well  as  many  other 
members,  being  sick,  several  out  of  town,  and  the  few  remaining 
being  very  much  engaged,  the  President  and  Secretary,  after  an 
exchange  of  letters  on  the  subject,  had  determined  not  to  issue 
notices  of  meetings. 

The  President  had  received  letters  of  inquiry  from  the  Massa- 
chusetts Medical  Society,  and  from  Dr.  Buchanan,  of  Baltimore. 
Being  too  ill  to  answer  them,  the  Secretary  had  acknowledged  their 
receipt. 

He  had  also  received,  October  30,  a  letter  from  Governor  Mifflin, 
asking : 

"  Was  the  disorder  imported  or  not  ?  If  imported,  by  what 
means  and  from  what  place  ?  If  not  imported,  what  were  the  prob- 
able causes  that  produced  it  ? 

"  What  measures  ought  to  be  pursued  to  purify  the  city  from  any 
latent  infection ;  and  what  precautions  are  best  calculated  to  guard 
against  a  future  occurrence  of  the  calamity  ? 

"  I  am  persuaded  that  the  public  spirit  and  benevolence  of  the 
College  of  Physicians  will  induce  them  cheerfully  to  excuse  and 
comply  with  this  request,  which  is  intended  to  establish  a  foundation 
for  regulations  that  may  cooperate  with  their  professional  labors  in 
preserving  their  fellow-citizens  the  invaluable  blessing  of  health." 

Drs.  Ross,  Parke,  Currie,  Carson,  Foulke,  B.  Duffield,  and 
Wistar  were  appointed  a  committee  to  prepare  a  reply  to  the 
Governor's  questions. 

It  is  probable  that  Dr.  Rush  was  acquainted  with  the  contents  of 
Governor  Mifflin's  letter,  and  that  the  members  of  the  committee  of 


58  RUSCHENBERGER, 

August  25th,  of  -wliich  he  was  chairman,  were  not  unanimous  in 
opinion  as  to  the  source  and  nature  of  the  epidemic.  At  the  time, 
Dr.  Rush  was  confident  that  tlie  origin  of  the  disease  was  domestic, 
and  tliat  it  was  highly  contagious.  He  subsequently  (1798)  aban- 
doned his  belief  in  the  contagion  of  yellow  fever.  He  was  not  in 
accord  with  some  Fellows  of  the  College  on  the  subject  which 
engaged  so  much  attention. 

Dr.  Rush,  the  most  renowned  physician  of  Philadelphia,  who  had 
been  an  active  Fellow  of  the  College  from  its  foundation,  sent  to  the 
President  the  following  letter : 

For  the  President  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia : 

Dear  Sir  :  I  beg  you  would  convey,  by  means  of  this  letter,  my 
resignation  of  my  Fellowship  in  the  College  of  Physicians. 

I  request  at  the  same  time  their  acceptance  of  a  copy  of  Dr. 
Wallis's  edition  of  the  works  of  Dr.  Sydenham. 

With  the  tenderest  sentiments  of  respect  for  yourself,  I  am,  dear 
Sir,  your  sincere  friend  and  the  College's  Avell  wisher, 

Benjamin  Rush. 

Philadelphia,  November  5,  1793. 

The  resignation  was  accepted,  and  the  Secretary  directed  to  thank 
him  for  the  gift  of  books.     Why  did  he  resign  ? 

Dr.  Charles  Caldwell,  who  was  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Rush,  in  his  auto- 
biography describes  the  introductory  lecture  delivered  to  the  medical 
class  at  the  University  in  November,  1793,  by  Dr.  Rush  after  his 
resignation  from  the  College  of  Physicians.     He  says : 

"The  discourse,  though  highly  colored,  and  marked  by  not  a 
few  figures  of  fancy  and  bursts  of  feeling,  was,  notwithstanding, 
sufiiciently  fraught  with  substantial  matter  to  render  it  no  less 
instructive  than  it  was  fascinating.  Though  fifty-two  years  and 
more  than  seven  months  have  passed  over  me  since  the  time  of  its 
delivery,  yet  are  many  of  the  representations  it  contained  as  fresh  in 
my  memory  as  the  occurrences  of  yesterday ;  and  were  I  master  of 
the  pencil,  I  could  accurately  delineate  the  figure,  countenance,  atti- 
tude, and  entire  manner  of  the  professor,  as  he  sat  at  his  desk. 

"Nor  was  the  lecture  entirely  sombre,  lugubrious,  and  pathetic. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        59 

Far  from  it.  Among  other  topics,  the  Doctor  referred  to  the  abuse 
and  persecution  he  had  sustained  from  the  College  of  Physicians 
of  Philadelphia,  as  a  body,  and  from  several  individual  physi- 
cians of  the  place,  on  account  of  the  extent  to  which  he  had  carried 
bloodletting  in  his  practice  in  the  epidemic,  but  more  especially  on 
account  of  a  purgative  dose  he  had  introduced,  which  in  size  was  de- 
nounced as  perfectly  enormous.  It  was  a  mixture  of  ten  grains  of 
calomel  and  ten  of  jalap — a  dose  which  is  now  accounted  moderate, 
at  least,  if  not  diminutive.  But  previously  to  that  time  calomel  had 
never  been  so  copiously  administered  in  Philadelphia,  nor,  as  far  as 
I  am  informed,  in  any  other  part  of  the  Middle  or  Eastern  Atlantic 
States.  From  three  to  five  or  six  grains  of  that  article  had  been  re- 
garded until  then  as  an  ample  dose. 

"  In  his  representations  of  the  wrongs  he  had  thus  suffered,  and  of 
the  calumnies  and  invectives  with  which  he  and  his  practice  had  been 
assailed,  the  Doctor  was  sufficiently  sarcastic  and  trenchant.  Nor 
were  his  remarks  altogether  unspiced  with  humor  and  ridicule.  Of 
the  denunciation  of  his  purgative  dose  of  teyi  and  ten,  as  it  was  con- 
temptuously called  by  his  enemies  and  revilers,  he  gave  the  following 
terse  and  ludicrous  account : 

" '  Dr.  Kuhn,'  said  he,  '  called  it  a  murderous  dose !  Dr.  Hodge 
called  it  a  dose  for  a  liorse  !  And  Barton  called  it  a  devil  of  a  dose ! 
Dr.  H.,'  he  continued,  'who  is  nearly  as  large  as  Goliath  of  Gath, 
and  quite  as  vauntful  and  malignant,  even  threatened  to  give  me  a 
flogging.  Dr.  H.  flog  me  !  Why,  gentlemen,  if  a  horse  kicks  me, 
I  will  not  kick  him  back  again.  But  here  is  my  man  Ben  (his  coach- 
man) whose  trade  is  to  beat  beasts.  He  is  willing  to  meet  Dr.  H. 
in  my  place,  and  play  brute  with  him  as  soon  as  he  pleases.  I  have 
that  to  do  which  belongs  to  a  man.'  "^ 

November  12th.  The  committee  appointed  to  prepare  a  reply  to 
the  Governor's  communication  submitted  a  report  which  was  recom- 

'  Autobiography  of  Charles  Caldwell,  M.D.  "With  a  preface,  notes,  and 
appendix.  By  Harriot  W.  Warner.  Lippincott,  Grambo  &  Co.,  Philadel- 
phia, 1855.     Pages  183,  184. 

Possibly  Dr.  H.  means  Dr.  Hutchinson,  who  had  been  dead,  at  the  time  of  the 
lecture,  about  two  months. 


60  RUSCIIENBERGER, 

mitted  with  a  request  to  have  the  facts  authenticated.  Drs.  Say, 
Leib,  and  Barton  were  added  to  the  committee. 

November  19th.  The  committee  was  discharged  ;  and  Drs.  Parke, 
Carson,  and  GriflBtts  were  appointed  to  answer  the  Governor's  com- 
munication. 

November  26th.  A  reply  to  the  Governor  was  adopted ;  substan- 
tially, that  the  fever  was  imported  in  vessels  arriving  in  the  port 
after  the  middle  of  July.  Cleanliness  of  the  streets,  the  use  of  gun- 
powder as  a  disinfectant,  and  of  unslacked  lime  in  privy  wells  were 
recommended. 

December  3d.  Drs.  Samuel  DuflBeld  and  Caspar  Wistar  were 
elected  Censors  in  place  of  Dr.  Hutchinson,  deceased,  and  Dr.  Rush, 
resigned. 

Dr.  Huffh  Hodjre  was  elected  a  Fellow. 


NOTICE  OF  DR.  JAMES  HUTCHINSON. 

In  his  autobiography,  Charles  Biddle  states  that  Dr.  James 
Hutchinson  "was  fat  enough  to  act  the  character  of  FallstafF  without 
stuffing."  His  portrait,  which  is  in  the  Wistar  and  Horner  Museum 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  does  not  suggest  that  his  person 
was  of  such  size  or  figure.  Mr.  Biddle  says :  "  He  took  a  warm 
interest  in  the  politics  of  the  State,  and  was  an  active  member  of  the 
then  rising  Democratic  party.  Eminent  as  a  practitioner,  he  fell  a 
victim  to  his  noble  efforts  in  behalf  of  the  humbler  class  of  his  fellow 
citizens  in  September  [7th],  1793." 

Yellow  fever  in  Philadelphia,  in  1793,  created  much  alarm  among 
the  citizens.  Very  many  left  the  city  in  fear  of  it.  Mr.  Biddle 
says  :  "  Although  almost  afraid  to  let  him  come  into  my  house,  I 
sent  for  Dr.  Hutchinson,  to  advise  with  him  about  removing.  Before 
Mrs.  Biddle  he  just  mentioned  that  there  was  a  dangerous  fever  in 
town,  and  that  we  had  best  leave  it,  but  when  I  went  to  the  door 
with  him  he  told  me  he  had  never  seen  anything  so  alarming,  and 
desired  me  to  get  Mrs.  Biddle  out  of  town  immediately,  and  to  go 
myself  as  soon  as  I  could.  He  said  that,  as  a  physician,  he  thought 
it  his  duty  to  remain,  and  let  the  disorder  be  ever  so  bad,  he  would 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.       61 

not  leave  town.  I  walked  a  little  way  down  the  street  with  him.  At 
parting,  he  gave  me  his  hand,  and  said  it  was  doubtful  whether  he 
should  see  me  again.  I  laughed  at  him,  little  suspecting  this  would 
be  the  last  time  we  should  ever  meet.  It  was  some  days  before  I 
could  arrange  matters  so  as  to  leave  the  city,  before  this  worthy  man 
was  taken  with  the  disorder,  and  died  in  a  few  days.  He  was  a  very 
able  physician,  and  one  of  the  best  of  men.  A  student  of  his,  who 
staid  with  him,  said  he  went  to  all  the  poor  people  who  sent  for  him. 
Visiting  one  of  them,  who  was  a  poor  old  woman,  he  caught  the 
infection.  This  student  was  with  him,  and  said  when  the  doctor 
opened  the  door  of  the  sick  woman's  room  there  was  such  a  stench 
came  from  it  that  he  ran  out  of  the  house.  The  doctor  went  in, 
opened  the  windows,  and  sat  some  time  in  the  room.  That  night  he 
was  taken  with  the  fever,  which  proved  fatal  to  him.  His  death 
increased  the  alarm  very  much,  and  occasioned  many  to  leave  the 
city.  He  had  a  great  deal  of  practice,  and  was  respected  and 
esteemed  by  men  of  all  parties  that  knew  him." 

In  this  connection,  Mr.  Biddle  says :  "What  added  greatly  to  the 
distress  of  those  unhappy  persons  who  took  the  fever,  was  the  differ- 
ence of  opinion  among  our  most  eminent  physicians  respecting  the 
proper  treatment  of  it.  What  one  recommended,  another  would 
condemn,  so  that  all  confidence  in  them  was  lost.  I  believe  that,  in 
general,  too  much  medicine  was  given.  I  was  reminded  at  this  time 
of  an  anecdote  I  had  often  heard  Dr.  Franklin  tell,  respecting  a 
malignant  fever  that  was  in  Barbadoes,  which  swept  off  great  numbers 
of  the  inhabitants.  At  last  they  were  out  of  medicine,  and  it  was 
expected  they  would  all  die.  It  happened,  however,  otherwise ;  for 
after  the  medicine  was  gone,  every  person  that  had  the  disease 
recovered."^ 

Dr.  Adam  Kuhn,  in  his  lectures  on  yellow  fever,  says  that  Dr. 
Shippen  informed  him  that  "Mr.  Pryor  has  an  account  of  thirty- 
three  persons  who  were  sick  in  the  part  of  the  city  in  which  he  lived. 
Of  these,  seventeen  had  medical  assistance,  and  of  the  whole  number 

1  Autobiography  of  Charles  Biddle,  Vice-President  of  the  Supreme  Execu- 
tive Council  of  Pennsylvania,  1745-1821.  Privately  printed.  E.  Claxton  & 
Co.     Philadelphia,  1883. 


62  RUSCHENBERGER, 

one  recovered  ;  the  other  sixteen  were  not  attended  by  any  physician, 
and  of  this  number  one  died !  Mr.  Pryor  had  the  disease  when  it 
prevailed  in  17G2.  He  is  a  man  of  observation,  and  assisted  his 
neighbors,  and  in  his  own  family  directed  what  he  thought  proper. 
His  method  consisted  in  fomentations  with  vinegar  to  bring  on  perspi- 
ration, and  in  recommending  wine  whey  to  support  it,  by  which 
means,  he  says,  all  who  followed  his  directions  recovered. 

"  The  Rev.  Mr.  Helmuth,  Rector  of  the  German  Lutheran  con- 
gregation in  this  city,  and  who  probably  saw  as  many  in  the  disease 
as  any  person  among  us,  and  who  is  a  gentleman  of  observation, 
informs  me  that  some  persons,  not  regularly  bred,  succeeded  much 
better  in  the  treatment  of  this  disease  than  the  regular  physicians. 

"A  number  of  physicians  and  students  of  medicine  fell  victims  to 
the  fever.  They  contracted  the  disease  by  their  attendance  on  the 
sick.  They  were  treated  differently,  according  to  the  ideas  which 
they  or  their  medical  friends  entertained  of  the  nature  of  the  fever. 
Much  the  greater  number,  however,  of  those  who  died,  as  I  am 
informed,  were  attended  by  gentlemen  who  were  advocates  of  plentiful 
bleeding,  and  purging  with  calomel  and  jalap.  Another  circum- 
stance which  always  appeared  to  me  decisive  against  this  mode  of 
practice,  is  that  the  great  mortality  in  the  city  happened  after  the 
time  that  this  method  became  more  generally  employed."^ 

At  the  beginning  of  his  illness,  Dr.  Hutchinson  sent  for  Dr. 
Kuhn,  who,  in  his  lectures  on  yellow  fever,  says,  substantially,  "  On 
Saturday,  the  31st  of  August,  and  within  five  hours  from  the  time 
of  the  attack,  I  saw  him,  and  received  this  account  from  him  :  That 
at  three  o'clock  that  morning  he  was  seized  with  a  most  violent  head- 
ache, attended  with  fever.  He  had  gone  to  bed  about  eleven  o'clock, 
perfectly  well ;  indeed,  he  never  felt  better,  or  in  higher  spirits.  He 
was  not  sensible  of  any  chilliness,  pain  in  the  back,  or  sickness  of 
the  stomach.  He  had  no  pain  anywhere,  except  in  his  head,  which 
he  described  as  excruciating.  His  skin  was  dry ;  his  pulse  was  not 
much  more  frequent  or  fuller  than  in  health.     It  was  determined  he 

1  Lectures  on  Yellow  Fever.  By  Adam  Kuhn.  MS.  Libr.  Coll.  Phys. 
Philadelphia.     No.  F.,  844. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.       63 

should  take  some  laxative,  and  as  he  preferred  cream  of  tartar,  that 
was  directed. 

''  Mrs.  Hutchinson,  with  great  anxiety,  asked  me  Avhether  it  was 
yellow  fever.  Observing  my  embarrassment,  he  immediately  an- 
swered, '  there  is  no  doubt  of  it,'  for  he  had  that  day  week  examined 
the  houses  in  Water  Street. 

"At  my  evening  visit,  I  found  the  laxative  had  operated  once. 
He  was  directed  to  use  the  cold  bath,  to  take  the  elixir  of  vitreol,  to 
drink  Ehenish  and  water,  lemonade,  and  eat  ripe  fruit. 

"  Next  morning,  I  found  he  had  passed  a  restless  night.  The 
pain  in  the  head  continued.  The  cream  of  tartar  had  not  operated 
a  second  time.  The  bath  had  refreshed  him  much.  He  was  desired 
to  repeat  the  cream  of  tartar  and  cold  bath. 

"In  the  evening  he  informed  me  that  the  cream  of  tartar  had 
operated  three  times,  and  to  my  extreme  regret  I  learned  that  at 
each  time  he  had  gone  down  two  pair  of  stairs,  besides  the  steps  into 
his  yard,  which  had  fatigued  him  considerably.  He  was  to  repeat 
the  bath,  continue  the  elixir  of  vitreol  and  regimen. 

"  The  next  morning,  September  2d,  he  informed  me  that  the 
cream  of  tartar  had  operated  eight  times  after  I  saw  him,  and  that 
he  was  obliged  to  check  it  with  laudanum,  as  he  felt  himself  much 
weakened  by  it.  He  was  to  continue  the  bath  and  take  an  ounce  of 
bark  in  substance  in  the  course  of  the  day.  He  had  no  sickness  of 
stomach  ;  the  headache  had  abated,  though  it  was  not  removed. 

"  In  the  evening,  I  found  the  bark  had  purged  him  violently  ;  he 
had  not  less  than  ten  stools  without  using  any  means  to  check  it.  I 
could  not  help  expressing  to  him  my  chagrin  at  so  unexpected  an 
effect.  I  desired  him  to  take  fifteen  drops  of  laudanum  after  every 
evacuation,  until  they  were  suppressed;  to  continue  the  bath,  etc. 
He  had  no  sickness  of  stomach  from  the  beginning;  nothing  ap- 
peared unfavorable  except  debility  from  too  much  unintentional 
purging. 

"  Next  morning,  I  found  that  a  single  dose  of  laudanum  had 
checked  the  purging.  Though  the  pain  in  the  head  was  abated,  he 
had  been  restless  in  the  night.  He  was  to  continue  the  bath,  bark, 
and  vitreol,  and  to  use  laudanum  if  necessary. 

"  In  the  evening,  he  had  taken  six  drams  of  bark  ;  had  three  or 


64  RUSCHENBERGER, 

four  stools ;  the  bark  had  sickened  him ;  it  was  therefore  discon- 
tinued, but  he  was  to  persevere  in  the  use  of  the  wine,  bath,  and 
vitrioL  This  was  the  fourth  day  of  his  disease.  There  was  no  un- 
favorable symptom,  except  debility,  which  was  far  from  considerable ; 
no  sickness  of  stomach  ;  no  delirium ;  pulse  regular,  good. 

"  This  was  the  last  time  I  saw  him,  for  that  evening  I  was  so 
much  more  indisposed  than  I  had  been,  that  I  found  myself  unable 
to  go  out.  I  therefore,  early  the  next  morning,  sent  him  notice  of 
my  indisposition,  and  requested  him  to  call  some  physician." 

Dr.  Currie  visited  him  that  day,  and  daily  until  he  died. 

A  few  hours  after  his  message  had  been  sent,  a  pupil  of  Dr. 
Hutchinson  called  on  Dr.  Kuhn,  and  informed  him  that  "  Dr.  Rush 
had  visited  Dr.  Hutchinson  and  had  recommended  him  to  take  jalap 
and  calomel,  which  the  Doctor  wished  me  to  know  and  to  have  my 
opinion.  My  answer  was  that  it  Avas  impossible  for  me  to  give  an 
opinion ;  to  acquaint  Dr.  Rush  that  he  had  had  near  thirty  stools  in 
three  days,  and  if  Dr.  Rush  thought  further  purging  was  necessary, 
my  opinion  was,  he  ought  to  follow  the  advice.  I  was  at  the  same 
time  informed  that  Dr.  Hutchinson  was  no  worse  than  when  I  left 
him." 

In  a  lecture  to  his  class  Dr.  Rush  had  charged  Dr.  Kuhn  with 
misrepresenting  the  case  of  the  late  Dr.  Hutchinson.  In  defending 
himself.  Dr.  Kuhn  related  the  case  in  detail,  and  read  a  statement 
by  Dr.  Currie,  derived  from  his  own  daily  record  of  the  case  after 
his  attendance  besan. 

Dr.  Currie  wrote :  "  I  made  Dr.  Hutchinson  a  visit  on  the  4th  of 
September,  about  eleven  o'clock  a.m.,  which  was  the  fourth  day  of 
his  fever.  He  was  then  sitting  up  in  bed,  conversing  with  the  Health 
Oflacer  of  the  Port  on  business  relative  to  his  office. 

"After  the  health  officer  left,  he  gave  me  a  detail  of  his  symptoms 
and  treatment  with  permission  to  publish  it.  He  spoke  much  in 
favor  of  the  advantages  he  had  derived  from  the  cold  bath  after  his 
bowels  had  been  evacuated  by  repeated  doses  of  cream  of  tartar. 
Bark  had  deranged  his  stomach,  but  the  vitriolic  acid  agreed  well, 
and  was  grateful  to  his  palate.  He  was  now  so  well  that  he  discon- 
tinued every  kind  of  medicine,  and  made  use  of  lime-juice  punch 
occasionally  for  drink. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        65 

"  In  the  afternoon  he  went  down  stairs,  and  as  he  returned  to  his 
chamber  his  nose  began  to  bleed,  and  continued  bleeding  until  he 
was  much  debilitated  and  faint. 

"At  bed-time  he  took  forty-five  drops  tinct.  opii,  rested  the  fore- 
part of  the  night,  but  awoke  before  morning  with  sickness  and  great 
distress. 

"  I  visited  him  about  ten  o'clock  with  Dr.  Barton,  His  pulse  was 
then  low,  skin  cold  and  dry,  his  face  bloated  and  livid,  and  his  mind 
was  considerably  deranged.  His  thirst  became  insatiable.  He  cast 
up  all  he  drank  as  soon  as  his  stomach  became  full,  with  straining 
and  noise.  In  the  intermission  of  puking  he  was  frequently  affected 
with  singultus.  From  this  time  he  obstinately  refused  making  use 
of  any  kind  of  remedy,  except  one  or  two  enemas,  constantly  assur- 
ing his  friends  that  there  was  nothing  the  matter  with  him,  till  the 
seventh  day  of  the  disease,  when  he  became  comatose  and  expired  on 
the  eighth." 

The  records  furnish  very  little  to  be  a«lded  to  this  sad  story. 

The  first  secretary  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  Dr.  James 
Hutchinson,  was  born  in  Wakefield  Township,  Bucks  County,  Pa., 
January  29,  1752,  His  father,  Randal  Hutchinson,  was  a  farmer, 
and  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

James  began  his  primary  education  in  a  school  under  Paul  Preston. 
Afterward  he  was  at  the  Burlington  Academy,  New  Jersey,  at 
another  in  Virginia,  and  received  his  bachelor's  degree  with  the  first 
honor  from  the  College  of  Philadelphia. 

He  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  Evans,  of  this  city.  In  1774,  the 
College  of  Philadelphia  awarded  him  a  gold  medal  for  proficiency  in 
chemistry.  The  same  year  he  went  to  London  where  he  was  a  pupil 
of  Dr.  John  Fothergill.  He  returned  home  in  1777,  by  way  of 
France,  bearing  with  him  important  dispatches  to  Congress  from  Dr. 
Franklin,  then  American  Minister  at  the  French  Court,  The  ship 
in  which  he  was  passenger,  when  in  sight  of  the  American  coast, 
was  chased  by  a  British  cruiser.  To  save  the  despatches,  Dr. 
Hutchinson  left  the  ship  in  an  open  boat  under  fire,  and  safely 
reached  the  shore.     He  saw  her  captured  by  the  enemy,  with  all  his 

5 


66  RUSCHENBERGER, 

baorgase,  including  a  collection  of  medical  books  he  had  made  in 
England  and  France. 

Soon  afterward  he  joined  the  American  army  as  Surgeon-General 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  served  throughout  the  war. 

The  Legislature  appointed  him,  1779,  a  Trustee  of  the  University 
of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  an  office  he  held  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  He  was  also  professor  of  materia  medica  in  that  institution 
until  it  and  the  College  of  Philadelphia  were  merged,  1791,  into  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  Then  he  was  elected  professor  of 
chemistry. 

During  several  years  he  was  Ph3^sician  of  the  Port,  and  one  of 
the  physicians  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  which  positions  he 
held  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

Dr.  Hutchinson  was  an  influential  democrat,  and  was  warmly  in- 
terested in  Pennsylvania  politics.  He  always  declined  to  accept 
office,  though  often  solicited.  After  the  British  evacuated  Philadel- 
phia,  he  served  as  one  of  the  Committee  of  Safety.  Being  an  inti- 
mate and  confidential  friend  of  the  leading  men  of  the  Kevolution, 
he  was  received  at  headquarters  at  all  times,  and  the  Commander-in- 
Chief  often  invited  his  opinion  in  reference  to  the  medical  depart- 
ment. 

Dr.  Hutchinson  married  Miss  Sydney  Howell,  by  whom  he  had 
two  sons.  One  of  them  was  a  lawyer  in  Philadelphia,  and  the  other 
was  for  some  years  Consul  of  the  United  States  at  Lisbon.^ 

NOTICE  OF  DR.  JOHN  MORRIS. 

Another  of  the  founders  of  the  College,  Dr.  John  Morris,  one  of 
the  class  of  juniors,  died  of  yellow  fever  in  September,  1793.  He 
was  born  September  27,  1759,  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  Charles 
Moore  at  Montgomery,  Pa.  He  practised  medicine  in  Burlington, 
N.  J.,  for  a  time  before  he  removed  to  Philadelphia. 

'  American  Medical  Biography:  or  Memoirs  of  Eminent  Physicians  who 
have  Flourished  in  America.  By  James  Thacher,  M.D. ,  etc.  Eichardson  & 
Lord,  and  Cottons  &  Barnard,  Boston,  1828. 

The  Lives  of  Eminent  Philadelphians  now  Deceased.  By  Henry  Simpson. 
William  Brotherhead,  Philadelphia,  1859. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE  OF   PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.         67 

The  average  attendance  at  the  fifteen  meetino;s  of  1794  was  10.4. 

At  a  special  meeting  March  10th,  it  was  announced  that  the  chair- 
man of  a  Committee  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  appointed  to 
prepare  a  bill  "to  regulate  the  practice  of  physic  within  this  State," 
had  requested  the  assistance  of  the  College.  Drs.  Samuel  DuflBeld, 
Parke,  and  Say  were  appointed  to  wait  upon  ,the  Assembly's  Com- 
mittee in  the  State  House,  the  next  day  at  four  o'clock  p.m. 

The  following  was  ordered  to  be  published  in  the  newspapers : 

College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  March  10,  1794.  Present 
1-5  members. 

The  College,  taking  into  consideration  the  disagreeable  tendency 
of  the  many  alarming  reports  which  have  prevailed  for  some  time 
past  respecting  the  existence  of  the  disease  called  the  yellow  fever  in 
the  city,  and  being  desirous  to  relieve  the  minds  of  the  inhabitants 
from  any  unnecessary  apprehensions,  unanimously  agreed  to  inform 
their  fellow  citizens  that,  to  the  best  of  their  knowledge,  there  is  not 
a  single  case  of  the  above-mentioned  fever  in  the  city  or  Liberties. 

Published  by  order  of  the  College. 

John  Redman, 

President. 

March  14th.  The  Committee  on  the  bill  to  regulate  medical  prac- 
tice submitted  a  report. 

The  College  substantially  recommended  that,  except  graduates  of 
the  University,  applicants  for  license  to  practise  physic  within  the 
State  should  be  examined  by  persons  appointed  by  the  College  for 
the  purpose,  and  that  the  penalty  for  non-compliance  with  the  law 
should  be  considerable.  Also,  that  apothecaries  should  be  examined 
and  licensed. 

December  2d.  Drs.  Wistar,  Say,  and  Benjamin  Duffield  were  ap- 
pointed to  consider  the  defects  of  the  health  laws  and  suggest  suit- 
able amendments  in  a  report  to  the  College. 

Their  report,  January  6,  1795,  may  be  found  in  the  published 
Proceedings  of  the  College  of  Physicians. 


68  RUSCHENBERGER, 

NOTICE  OF  DR.  JOHN  CARSON. 

Dr.  John  Carson,  a  son  of  William  Carson,  who  had  emigrated 
from  Antrim,  Ireland,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November  12,  1752. 
No  record  of  his  career  has  been  found.  He  received  the  degree  of 
M.D.  from  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and  while  abroad  married 
Agnes  Hunter. 

In  1786  he  participated  in  the  organization  of  the  Philadelphia 
Dispensary ;  and  from  May  11,  1786,  till  July  4,  1788,  he  was 
surgeon  of  the  First  Troop  of  Philadelphia  City  Cavalry. 

While  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  he  was  elected,  January  7,  1794,  a  professor  of  chem- 
istry in  place  of  Dr.  James  Hutchinson,  deceased.  Dr.  John  Carson 
died  October  26,  1794. 

December  17th.  A  committee  from  the  Board  of  Health  sub- 
mitted plans  of  a  proposed  hospital  for  contagious  diseases,  which 
were  freely  discussed. 

The  average  attendance  at  the  fourteen  meetings  of  1795  was  10.2, 

January  26th.  The  report  of  the  committee  on  the  health  laws 
was  sent,  as  a  memorial  of  the  College,  to  the  Legislature.^ 

At  a  special  meeting  February  10th,  the  Board  of  Health  asked 
the  cooperation  of  the  College  in  devising  a  plan  of  a  hospital  for 
the  accommodation  of  persons  afflicted  with  contagious  diseases. 

Drs.  Kuhn,  Parke,  and  Wistar  were  appointed  to  confer  with  the 
Board  of  Health  on  the  subject. 

July  7th.  In  a  letter  to  Dr.  Samuel  Duffield  the  Governor  re- 
quested the  College  to  nominate  four  of  its  members  to  advise  the 
consulting  .physician  of  the  Port  (Dr.  Samuel  Duffield)  respecting 
the  quarantine  and  purification  of  vessels,  and  the  removal  of  persons 
infected  with  contagious  diseases. 

Under  instructions,  the  President  sent  to  the  Governor  a  list  of 
the  Fellows  of  the  College  from  which  he  might  make  the  appoint- 
ments desired.  The  Governor  appointed  Drs.  Kuhn,  Parke,  Wistar, 
and  Griffitts. 

1  Proceedings  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  p.  9.  Philadel- 
delphia,  1798. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        69 

October  6th.  Dr.  Nicholas  Way — appointed  an  associate,  1790 — 
appeared  and  took  his  seat  as  a  Fellow  of  the  College,  having  been 
elected  at  the  previous  meeting. 

Drs.  John  Gumming  and  Thomas  C.  James  were  elected  Fellows. 

The  average  attendance  at  the  twelve  meetings  of  1796  was  10. 

June  7th.  Dr.  William  Annan  was  elected  a  Fellow. 

July  5th.  Dr.  Thomas  C.  James  was  elected  Secretary.  The 
College  unanimously  passed  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Dr.  Samuel  P.  Griffitts 
for  his  punctual  and  assiduous  attention  to  the  duties  of  Secretary 
during  eight  years. 

The  average  attendance  at  the  twenty-one  meetings  of  1797  was 
9.6. 

August  15th.  The  Governor  of  the  State  addressed  the  President 
of  the  College  requesting  information  in  reference  to  the  presence  of 
yellow  fever  in  the  neighborhood  of  Penn  Street ;  and  the  opinion  of 
the  College  upon  the  best  mode  of  averting  the  threatened  calamity. 

The  receipt  of  the  Governor's  letter  was  acknowledged,  informing 
him  that  a  malignant  contagious  fever  had  appeared  in  Penn  Street. 
Drs.  Currie,  Wistar,  and  Griffitts  were  appointed  to  report  on  "the 
measures  necessary  to  prevent  the  introduction  and  prevention  of 
contagious  diseases."  The  report  was  made  and  sent  to  him  August 
17th  in  form  of  a  letter. 

August  23d.  The  inspectors  of  the  Board  of  Health  requested 
the  College  to  meet  daily,  or  as  often  as  may  be  convenient,  to  pub- 
lish such  information,  and  offer  such  advice  to  the  citizens  as,  in  its 
judgment,  may  tend  to  check  the  progress  of  contagion ;  and  to 
communicate  to  the  Board,  from  time  to  time,  such  information  as 
may  be  deemed  necessary. 

Drs.  Kuhn,  Wistar,  and  Hodge  were  appointed  to  report  the  next 
day  on  the  method  of  purifying  houses,  regulating  funerals,  restrict- 
ing intercourse  with  houses  in  which  contagious  disease  exists,  and 
of  checking  the  j^rogress  and  extension  of  contagion. 

August  24th,  5  P.M.  The  committee  reported,  and  on  the  25th 
the  report  was  amended  and  adopted,  and  ordered  to  be  laid  before 
the  inspectors  of  the  Health  Office. 


70  RUSCHENBERGER, 

September  5th.  A  letter,  dated  August  26th,  was  received  from 
the  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth,  requesting  the  College  to  com- 
municate to  the  Governor  now  whatever  information  it  may  have  on 
the  existing  malignant  fever;  and  as  frequently  as  may  be  con- 
venient during  the  session  of  the  Legislature,  which  was  to  meet  tlie 
following  iSIonday,  that  he  might  lay  reliable  statements  on  the  sub- 
ject before  the  members. 

The  President  acknowledged  the  receipt  of  the  letter  the  same 
day. 

October  30th.  A  letter,  dated  October  24th,  from  the  Governor 
was  read,  asking  "■  What  measures  ought  to  be  pursued  to  purify  the 
city  from  any  latent  infection ;  and  what  precautions  are  best  calcu- 
lated to  guard  against  the  future  occurrence  of  a  similar  calamity?" 

Drs.  Wistar,  Grij05tts,  and  James  were  appointed  to  prepare  a 
reply  to  the  questions. 

An  answer  was  submitted  and  unanimously  adopted  November 
7th. 

The  same  committee  was  instructed  to  draft  a  memorial  to  the 
Legislature  to  carry  into  effect  the  propositions  contained  in  the 
answer  to  the  Governor's  letter,  and,  December  5th,  after  its  adop- 
tion by  the  College,  to  present  it. 

Dr.  Adam  Sej'bert  was  elected  a  Fellow. 

Governor  Mifflin  did  not  regard  the  College  of  Physicians  as  the 
only  source  of  reliable  information  on  yellow  fever.  He  addressed 
the  following  communication  to  Dr.  Rush,  which  implies  that  his 
authority  in  the  premises  Avas  highly  estimated  at  the  time. 

Philadelphia,  6th  November,  1797. 
Sir:  I  am  desirous  to  obtain,  for  the  information  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, the  most  correct  account  of  the  origin,  progress,  and  nature  of 
the  disease  that  has  recently  afflicted  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  with 
a  view  that  the  most  efficacious  steps  should  be  taken  to  prevent  a 
recurrence  of  so  dreadful  a  calamity.  I  have  requested  the  opinion 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  on  the  subject ;  but  as  I  understand 
that  you  and  many  other  learned  members  of  the  Faculty  do  not 
attend  the  deliberations  of  that  institution,  the  result  of  my  inquiries 
cannot  be  perfectly  satisfactory  without  your  cooperation  and  assist- 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        71 

ance.  Permit  me,  therefore,  Sir,  to  beg  the  favor  of  you,  and  such 
of  your  brethren  as  you  shall  be  pleased  to  consult,  to  state  in  answer 
to  this  letter  the  opinion  which  your  i-esearches  and  experience  have 
enabled  you  to  form  on  the  important  subject  of  the  present  investi- 
gation.    I  am  respectfully,  sir,  your  most  obedient,  humble  servant, 

Thomas  Mifflin. 
Dr.  Benjamin  Rush. 

A  reply,  without  date,  to  this  letter  signed  by  Benjamin  Rush, 
Charles  Caldwell,  William  Dewees,  John  Redman  Coxe,  Philip 
Syng  Physick,  James  Reynolds,  Francis  Boyes  Sayre,  John  C.  Otto, 
William  Boys,  Samuel  Cooper,  James  Stuart,  Felix  Pascalis,  and 
Joseph  Strong,  is  published  with  the  Governor's  letter.  It  covers 
six  octavo  pages.  The  doctrine  of  local  origin  of  the  fever  is  ad- 
vocated in  it.  It  is  notable  that  the  signers  were  among  the  founders 
of  the  American  Academy  of  Medicine  of  Philadelphia.^ 

The  average  attendance  at  the  seventeen  meetings  during  1798 
was  10. 

January  2d.  It  was  resolved  to  publish  the  proceedings  of  the 
College  relative  to  the  prevention  of  the  introduction  and  spreading 
of  contagious  diseases. 

At  a  special  meeting  on  the  23d,  Drs.  Wistar,  Griffitts,  and  James, 
who  had  been  appointed  to  superintend  the  publication,  reported  that 
the  work  had  been  printed.  Its  distribution  was  ordered.  The  title 
is  as  follows  :  * 

"Proceedings  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia  relative 
to  the  prevention  of  the  introduction  and  spreading  of  contagious 
diseases.  Printed  by  Thomas  Dobson,  at  the  Stonehouse,  No.  41 
South  Second  Street,  Philadelphia,  1798."  8vo.  pp.  37.  Lewis 
Library — Coll.  Phys.  of  Philada.  Parnphlets,  No.  1558. 

It  contains  all  the  correspondence,  memorials,  etc.,  in  connection 
with  the  proceedings  from  August  25,  1793,  till  December  26,  1797, 
inclusive. 

May  1st.  Dr.  James  Hall,  one  of  the  junior  founders,  having  re- 
turned to  the  city,  after  an  absence  of  some  years,  resumed  his  fel- 
lowship in  the  College. 

1  The  Medical  Repository,  vol.  i.  pp.  391-98.     New  York,  1797. 


72  RUSCHENBERGER, 

August  6th.  The  President  called  a  special  meeting  in  conse- 
quence of  a  report  made  to  him  by  Dr.  Wistar  that  malignant  fever 
existed  in  the  city.  The  College  directed  the  information  to  be 
given  to  the  Board  of  Health. 

Aucrust  7th.  Drs.  Parke  and  James  were  instructed  to  wait  upon 
the  Board  of  Health  this  evening,  to  learn  what  measures  have  been 
taken  in  connection  with  the  subject  of  the  communication  made  to 
it  on  the  6th. 

November  13th.  Drs.  Wistar,  GriflStts,  and  James  were  appointed 
to  investigate  the  origin  and  progress  of  the  malignant  contagious  fever 
of  this  year.     Their  report  was  submitted  and  read  December  4th. 

December  11th.  Drs.  Kuhn,  Currie,  Parke,  Wistar,  Griffitts,  and 
James  were  appointed  to  draw  up  a  narrative  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  College  in  1793  and  1797,  and  the  fticts  relative  to  the  origin 
and  progress  of  the  malignant  fever  of  1798,  with  a  statement  of  the 
best  methods  of  preventing  the  introduction  of  similar  diseases  in 
the  future. 

December  24th.  Their  report  was  adopted  and  ordered  to  be  pub- 
lished.^ 

It  is  entitled:  "Facts  and  observations  relative  to  the  nature  and 
origin  of  the  pestilential  fever  which  prevailed  in  this  City  in  1793, 
1797,  and  1798.  By  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia. 
Printed  by  Thomas  Dobson,  at  the  Stonehouse,  No.  41  South  Second 
Street,  Philadelphia,  1798-1800."  Pp.  52.  No.  485,  Leivis 
Library — Cfoll.  of  Phys.  of  PMlada. 

The  opinion  of  the  College,  expressed  in  this  pamphlet,  is  that 
yellow  fever  is  imported  and  its  extension  is  a  result  of  contagion. 

The  average  attendance  at  twenty  meetings  during  1799  was  10.7. 

January  1st.  A  copy  of  the  pamphlet,  "Facts  and  Observations," 
etc.,  was  sent  to  each  member  of  the  State  and  of  the  Federal  Leg- 
islatures, of  the  City  Corporation,  of  the  Board  of  Health,  as  well 
as  to  corresponding  medical  societies. 

Letters  on  the  origin  of  fever,  addressed  to  Dr.  Currie,  by   Dr. 

1  Five  members  of  the  committee  with  Drs.  Dorsey,  Seybert,  and  Say,  con- 
stituted the  meeting. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        73 

Edward  Miller,  of  New  York,  and  by  Drs.  Isaac  Rand  and  John 
Warren,  of  Boston,  were  read. 

February  5th.  Drs.  Wistar,  Griffitts,  and  Leib  Avere  appointed  to 
confer  with  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Com- 
monwealth in  reference  to  amending  the  health  law  then  under  con- 
sideration, and  to  draft  a  memorial  on  the  subject. 

February  8th.  The  memorial  submitted  was  adopted  by  the  College, 
and  the  committee  directed  to  present  it  to  the  Legislature. 

It  is  as  follows  : 

To  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Penii- 
sylvania:  The  Memorial  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia 
respectfully  represents — that  they  have  considered  the  bill  for  estab- 
lishing an  health  office,  now  before  your  house,  with  that  attention 
which  a  subject  so  important  to  every  member  of  the  community 
naturally  excites,  and  are  convinced  that  it  is  materially  defective  in 
several  respects,  which  they  beg  leave  to  specify. 

1st.  The  Board  of  Health  is  enjoined  and  empowered  to  perform 
several  duties,  viz.,  to  appoint  a  resident  and  consulting  physician,  to 
make  regulations  for  the  Lazaretto,  and  the  vessels  under  quarantine, 
to  prescribe  the  mode  of  visiting  vessels,  persons,  and  houses.  "To 
determine,  when  any  suspicion  arises  in  the  mind  of  the  resident 
physician  or  quarantine  master  respecting  the  infectious  state  of  any 
vessel,  cargo,  or  crew,"  what  measures  shall  be  taken  to  purify  the 
cargo  and  restore  the  health  of  the  diseased  persons— which  said 
duties  can  only  be  performed  by  persons  who  are  acquainted  with  the 
nature  of  diseases  and  the  effects  of  the  opei'ations  of  contagion — but 
that  bill  does  not  provide  for  the  formation  of  a  Board  of  Health 
possessed  of  such  information  ;  on  the  contrary,  each  board,  probably 
uninformed,  is  directed  to  nominate  its  successors,  whereby  errors,  if 
any  arise,  may  be  perpetuated.  By  repeated  experience  the  College 
is  induced  to  believe  that  the  most  important  objects  of  the  law,  the 
prevention  of  the  introduction  and  extension  of  pestilential  and  con- 
tagious diseases,  will  be  lost  if  the  Board  of  Health  have  not  this 
information. 

2d.  The  law  allows  an  annual  rotation  of  the  members  of  the 
Board  of  Health,  whereby  it  will  probably  be  composed  of  new  mem- 


74  RUSCHENBERGER, 

bers  in  the  season  of  danger  when  the  experiences  of  former  years 
will  be  necessary.  Whereas,  the  only  principle  upon  which  men 
originally  unacquainted  with  the  object  of  their  appointment  can  be 
supposed  capable  of  performing  the  duties  of  it,  is  their  long  continu- 
ance in  office. 

3d.  The  law  makes  no  special  provision  for  preventing  the  intro- 
duction of  the  plague  to  which  we  are  exposed  at  all  seasons  of  the 
year,  more  especially  by  the  constant  intercourse  between  this  country 
and  Algiers,  which  has  lately  taken  place. 

By  order  of  the  College  of  Physicians. 

John  Redman,  President. 

Thomas  C.  James,  Secretary. 

June  4th.  The  proposition  offered  May,  1798,  to  make  the  annual 
contribution  of  fellows  three  dollars,  was  adopted. 

July  1,  1799 — present  15.  A  special  meeting  was  called  by  the 
President  in  compliance  with  a  request  of  the  Board  of  Health,  in 
consequence  of  the  prevalence  of  an  alarming  fever.  After  a  free 
interchange  of  opinion,  it  was  resolved  that — 

From  information  which  the  College  has  received  from  several  of 
its  members,  it  appears  that  there  exists  in  Penn  Street  and  its 
vicinity,  a  malignant  fever  of  the  same  nature  with  that  which  pre- 
vailed in  Philadelphia  in  1793, 1797,  and  1798  :  and  it  is  the  opinion 
of  the  College  that,  taking  early  and  proper  precautions,  such  as 
separating  the  diseased  from  the  healthy,  removing  the  shipping 
which  lie  from  South  to  Pine  Street,  to  a  safe  distance  from  the  city ; 
and  evacuating  and  carefully  inspecting  the  dwelling-houses,  stores, 
and  counting-houses,  and  the  wharves,  within  the  limits  aforesaid, 
will  be  the  most  effectual  means  of  checking  the  further  progress  of 
the  disease. 

Dr.  Griffitts  was  desired  to  hand  a  copy  of  the  above  to  the  Board 
of  Health. 

July  2d.  The  following  reply  was  received  : 

Health  Office,  7th  mo.  2d,  1799. 
To  the  College  of  Physicians  : 

The  Board  of  Health  received  Avith  gratitude  the  communication 
from  your  College.     They  have  endeavored  to  give  it  the  weight  a 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        75 

communication  from  so  respectable  a  source  demanded,  but  they  can- 
not coincide  in  sentiment  with  you  regarding  the  propriety  of  issuing 
a  proclamation,  or  giving  a  direction  for  the  removal  of  the  inhabi- 
tants from  the  part  of  the  town  you  mention,  or  the  vessels  from  the 
wharves  adjoining.  A  public  notification  would  perhaps  create  a 
terror  that  might  add  to  the  predisposing  cause  of  the  sickness,  if  any 
such  cause  exists.  They  are  convinced  of  the  necessity  of  early 
precaution,  but  they  also  dread  to  give  an  alarm,  which  must  inju- 
riously affect  the  welfare  of  the  city,  and  which  may,  perhaps,  even- 
tually be  unnecessary,  the  consequences  of  which  as  it  regards  the 
health  are  doubtful,  but  which  would  certainly  operate  powerfully 
against  the  interest  of  the  citizens.  They  solicit  your  attention  to 
the  effects  of  a  publication  from  you  on  this  subject,  and  shall  be 
obliged  by  every  information  which  can  be  had  to  assist  them  in 
maturing  their  opinions  at  this  eventful  period. 

By  order  of  the  Board. 

Edwaed  Garrigues,  President. 

Paschall  Hollingsworth,  Secretary. 

It  was  resolved  that  each  Fellow  give  formal  information  to  the 
Board  of  Health,  and  also  to  the  College,  of  every  case  of  malignant 
fever  which  may  come  under  his  notice,  as  soon  as  its  nature  has 
been  ascertained ;  and,  until  further  notice,  the  College  meet  every 
other  evening  at  8  o'clock. 

August  21,  1799.  The  President,  at  the  instance  of  several  Fel- 
lows of  the  College,  called  a  special  meeting  to  consider  the  present 
state  of  health  in  the  city.  After  discussion,  it  was  agreed  to  send 
the  following  to  the  Board  of  Health : 

Gentlemen  :  The  College  of  Physicians  conceive  it  to  be  their 
duty  to  inform  you  that  recent  events  have  confirmed  the  opinion 
which  they  have  lately  expressed  to  your  board,  and  they  feel  it 
incumbent  on  them  to  repeat,  that  a  malignant  contagious  fever,  of 
the  same  nature  with  the  disease  which  raged  here  in  the  years 
1793,  '97,  and  '98,  prevails  among  us  at  this  time  to  a  very  alarm- 
ing degree. 

By  order  of  the  College. 

Wm.  Shippen,   Vice-President. 

Thos.  C.  James,  Secretary. 


76  RUSCHENBERGER, 

Sept.  24th.  The  President  called  a  special  meeting  to  consider  the 
followincr  communication  from  the  Governor  of  the  State : 

Falls  of  ScHt7YLKiLL,  20  Sept.,  1799. 
Sir  :  At  the  instance  of  many  of  our  fellow-citizens,  I  am  induced 
to  request  that  you  will  obtain  from  the  College  of  Physicians  a 
representation,  whether,  in  their  opinion,  the  lives  of  the  electors 
will  be  in  danger  from  the  prevalence  of  any  malignant  or  contagious 
fever  by  attending  at  the  place  fixed  by  law  for  holding  the  ensuing 
general  election,  within  the  city  and  suburbs  of  Philadelphia  ?  The 
Act  of  Assembly  renders  such  a  representation  necessary  before  the 
places  of  election  can  be  changed  :  and  therefore  I  hope  the  College 
will  favor  me  with  an  early  communication  of  the  result  of  their 
deliberations  on  the  subject.  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  great 
respect  and  esteem,  sir,  your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

Thomas  Mifflin. 
Dr.  Redman, 

President  of  the  College  of  Physicians. 

The  College  answered  as  follows  : 

Philadelphia^  Sept.  24,  1799. 

Sir  :  In  answer  to  your  letter  of  the  20tli  inst.  I  am  directed  by 
the  College  of  Physicians  to  inform  you  that  from  present  appear- 
ances they  judge  it  will  not  be  safe  to  hold  the  election  at  the  Com- 
missioners Hall  in  Southwark — that  the  Town  House  in  the  Northern 
Liberties  will  be  safe,  and  that  it  will  be  most  advisable  not  to  hold 
the  election  at  the  State  House. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  great  respect  and  esteem,  sir,  your 
friend  and  servant, 

John  Redman. 
Thomas  Mifflin,  Esq., 

Governor  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

Nov.  26th.  The  President  called  a  snecial  meetincc  to  consider  the 
following  communication  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth : 

Sir  :  The  Governor  directs  me  to  request  that  you  will  favor  him 
with  the  sentiments  of  the  College  of  Physicians  on  the  origin  and 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.         77 

nature  of  the  late  fever,  and  any  improvement  that  can  be  made  in 
our  system  of  health  laws. 

I  am,  with  great  respect,  sir,  your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

A.  J.  Dallas,  Secretary. 

Dr.  Redman.  November  20,  1799. 

Drs.  Wistar,  Griffitts,  Currie,  and  James  were  appointed  to  draft 
an  answer,  which  was  submitted  and  approved  Nov.  28,  and  is  as 
follows : 

Sir. :  In  compliance  with  your  ref^uest,  expressed  in  Mr.  Dallas's 
note  of  the  20th  inst.,  the  College  was  convened  on  the  26th,  by 
their  direction.  I  now  inform  you  that  they  believe  the  origin  and 
nature  of  the  late  fever  to  be  precisely  similar  to  those  of  1793, 
1797,  and  1798. 

In  our  memorial  to  the  Assembly  in  1797,  as  well  as  in  our  publi- 
cation of  last  year,  entitled  Facts  and  observations  relative  to  the 
nature  and  origin  of  pestilential  fever,  etc.,  we  gave  our  sentiments 
fully  on  this  important  subject,  accompanied  with  a  minute  detail  of 
facts  in  support  of  our  opinions. 

Without  entering  at  present  into  any  further  relation  of  facts, 
which  time  will  not  permit,  and  a  repetition  of  which  we  suppose  to 
be  unnecessary,  we  shall  remark  generally  that  the  parts  of  the  city 
and  of  Southwark  contiguous  to  the  river,  where  the  fever  this  year, 
as  heretofore,  appeared,  its  symptoms  and  progress  all  tend  to  confirm 
our  former  opinions  that  it  is  a  pestilential  contagious  disease  intro- 
duced amongst  us  by  the  shipping. 

With  respect  to  the  health  laws,  we  repeat  that  the  Board  of  Health 
ought  to  consist  of  persons  who  have  a  competent  knowledge  of  the 
subject. 

Every  law  for  securing  the  city  against  the  destructive  effects  of 
any  pestilential  contagious  disease  should  have  for  its  second  object 
the  speedy  extinction  of  such  contagions  when  they  appear. 

Measures  for  the  purpose  can  be  of  no  avail  unless  they  are  under- 
taken soon  after  the  disease  is  known  to  exist,  but  the  experience  of 
the  last  two  years  has  been  that  those  who  are  not  qualified  to  judge 
promptly  may  doubt  of  the  existence  of  the  disease  until  the  oppor- 


78  RUSCHENBERGER, 

tunity  of  preventing  its  extension  is  lost.  And  that,  notwithstanding 
the  diiFerence  of  opinion  amongst  physicians  respecting  the  origin, 
yet  they  have  generally  been  agreed  as  to  the  existence  of  the  fever 
very  soon  after  its  appearance. 

No  person  whose  private  interest  may  be  affected  by  quarantine 
laws  should  be  a  member  of  this  board,  the  business  of  which  would 
be  more  usefully  conducted  if  the  change  of  members  were  not  so 
frequent,  as  the  experience  gained  by  one  year's  service  is  lost  by  the 
customary  rotation. 

The  laws  might  be  more  simple. 

The  quarantine  should  commence  on  the  first  day  of  May,  after 
which  time  no  vessels  subject  thereto  should  be  permitted  to  come 
up  to  the  city  until  the  middle  of  October. 

By  order  of  the  College. 

John  Redman,  President. 

November  28,  1799. 

Thomas  Mifflin,  Esq., 

Governor  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  average  attendance  at  the  twelve  meetings  during  the  year 
1800,  was  9.8 ;  and  of  the  thirteen  meetings  of  1801,  8.7. 

One  Associate  and  one  Fellow  were  elected  in  1800,  and  two 
Fellows  in  1801. 

It  is  noted,  in  1800,  that  the  rent  of  the  apartment  occupied  by 
the  College  was  fixed  at  $40  a  year ;  and,  Dec.  1,  1801,  twelve 
members  present,  the  by-laws  were  amended  so  as  to  make  seven  a 
quorum  for  election  of  Fellows. 

At  the  fourteen  meetings  of  1802  the  average  attendance  was  9. 

Feb.  2d.  Dr.  Glentworth  proposed  Dr.  Jenner,  and  Dr.  Parke 
nominated  Dr.  Lettsom  as  Associates. 

March  2d.  Dr.  Lettsom  was  elected  an  Associate  of  the  College,  but 
Dr.  Jenner's  nomination  was  not  approved,  or  noted  on  the  minutes. 

July  6th.  Dr.  Thomas  T.  Hewson  was  elected  Secretary  of  the 
College. 

July  16th.  Present,  12  Fellows.  The  Vice-President  called  a 
special  meeting  at  the  instance  of  the  President  of  the  Board  of 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.        79 

Health,  in  consequence  of  the  prevalence  of  an  alarming  fever  in  the 
vicinity  of  Vine  and  Front  Streets. 

After  a  free  interchange  of  views,  it  was  resolved : 

"From  information  which  the  College  has  received  from  several  of 
its  members,  it  appears  that  a  malignant  fever  of  the  same  nature 
with  that  which  prevailed  in  1793,  '97,  '98,  and  '99  has  existed  for 
ten  or  twelve  days  past  in  the  vicinity  of  Vine  and  Front  Streets, 
and  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  College  that  the  most  effectual  means  of 
checking  the  progress  of  the  disease  will  be  an  immediate  separation 
of  the  sick  from  the  healthy,  and  a  recommendation  to  the  healthy  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  sick  to  remove  into  the  country,  and  a 
general  suspension  of  intercourse  with  the  infected  houses." 

The  Secretary  was  desired  to  present  to  the  Board  of  Health  a 
copy  of  the  resolution,  with  the  two  pamphlets  published  by  the 
College. 

Nov.  2d.  Drs.  Griffitts,  Currie,  and  Wistar  were  appointed  to  con- 
sider the  present  state  of  the  health  laws.  They  submitted  a  report 
Nov.  16th.  Drs.  Wistar,  Griffitts,  Currie,  and  Leib  were  appointed 
to  draft  a  memorial  on  the  subject  to  the  Assembly  of  the  Common- 
wealth, which  was  adopted  Dec.  7th ;  and  copies  of  it  were  distributed 
to  members  of  both  houses  of  the  Legislature.     It  is  as  follows  : 

To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Commonwealth 
of  Pennsylvania :  The  Memorial  of  the  College  of  Physicians  re- 
spectfully showeth — That  your  memorialists  have  a  common  interest 
with  their  fellow-citizens  in  the  prosperity  of  this  city ;  that  prompted 
by  this  common  interest  they  submit  to  you  their  opinions,  the  result 
of  experience  and  mature  consideration,  on  the  system  necessary  to 
be  adopted  to  guard  against  the  introduction  of  pestilential  and 
contagious  diseases  from  foreign  countries.  They  conceive  that  the 
inefficacy  of  the  existing  regulations  contained  in  the  present  health 
laws  is  not  only  known  to  you,  but  that  it  is  universally  acknowledged, 
and  that  public  opinion  and  public  safety  call  for  a  more  efficient 
system.  Your  memorialists  forbear  entering  into  the  subject ;  they 
apprehend  it  to  be  unnecessary  to  enter  into  a  detail  of  the  minor 
points  of  regulation ;  they  mean  only  to  suggest  the  general  princi- 
ples of  the  law,  leaving  the  development  to  the  wisdom  of  the  Legis- 
lature. 


80  RUSCHENBERGER, 

Under  tliese  impressions  your  memorialists  beg  leave  to  submit  the 
following  propositions  : 

That  a  Board  of  Health,  to  consist  of  not  more  than  five  persons, 
be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  who  shall  be  commissioned  during 
good  behavior,  and  receive  an  adequate  compensation  for  their 
services. 

That  no  vessel  from  any  port  or  place  specified  in  the  fifth  section 
of  the  present  health  law,  the  European  ports  of  the  Mediterranean 
excepted,  be  permitted  to  come  up  to  the  city  from  the  1st  of  May 
till  the  1st  of  October. 

That  the  Board  of  Health  have  full  power,  in  case  of  the  appear- 
ance of  pestilential  and  contagious  disease  in  the  city  or  its  suburbs, 
to  remove  the  persons  infected,  their  attendants,  and  the  families  in 
which  the  disease  occurs. 

The  Board  of  Health,  your  memorialists  conceive,  requires  a  new 
organization ;  its  duties  are  arduous  and  not  without  hazard ;  they 
require  time  and  attention,  and  necessarily  interfere  with  the  avoca- 
tions of  men  of  business  who  are  competent  to  the  situation.  It 
cannot  therefore  be  expected  that  they  can  be  effectually  performed 
unless  some  emolument  be  attached  to  the  service.  Its  members 
ought  to  be  few,  to  hold  their  ofiices  during  good  behavior,  and  be 
appointed  by  the  Governor,  inasmuch  as  promptitude  and  vigor  are 
more  the  attributes  of  small  than  of  large  bodies,  as  experience  is 
necessary  to  the  due  performance  of  their  duty,  and  as  an  efficient 
responsibility  will  thereby  be  annexed  to  the  appointment. 

Such  is  the  subtle  nature  of  contagion  and  such  the  inefficiency  of 
means  hitherto  employed  to  prevent  its  introduction,  that  nothing 
short  of  an  actual  interdiction  of  intercourse  with  the  infected  places 
appears  competent  to  its  prevention  ;  your  memorialists  are  therefore 
of  opinion  that  the  only  actual  security  of  the  citizens  against  the  im- 
portation of  diseases  of  a  malignanfr  and  contagious  character  from 
foreign  countries  must  be  found  in  the  total  exclusion  of  vessels  from 
infected  ports  during  the  period  above  recited. 

That  the  Board  of 'Health  ought  to  have  a  plenary  power  to  re- 
move persons  infected  with  malignant  and  contagious  diseases  and 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.         81 

those  who  have  been  within  the  sphere  of  their  action,  your  memor- 
ialists conceive  has  been  amply  demonstrated  by  the  sad  experience  of 
several  years.  The  arrestation  of  such  diseases  depends  more  upon 
the  removal  of  the  sick  than  of  the  healthy,  as  the  records  of  the 
years  '93,  '97,  '98,  '99,  and  the  present  year  will  evince,  for  even 
the  almost  entire  depopulation  of  the  city  unaided  by  frost  was  insuf- 
ficient to  its  extinction. 

These  general  propositions  are  submitted  by  your  memorialists 
with  deference,  but  with  a  sincere  conviction  that  on  their  adoption 
depends  the  future  safety  of  Philadelphia  against  the  ravages  of  that 
disease  which  has  impoverished  many  a  worthy  family,  and  con- 
signed many  a  valuable  citizen  to  the  grave. 

By  order  of  the  College. 

John  Redman,  President. 

Thos.  T.  Hewson,  Secretary. 

At  the  twelve  meetings  of  1803,  the  average  attendance  was  7.7, 
January  4th.      Drs,   Robert   Harris    and   Charles   Caldwell,   by 
declining  to  pay  the  annual  contribution  for  three  successive  years, 
have  vacated  their  seats.     The  Secretary  was  directed  to   furnish 
them  with  a  copy  of  this  minute. 

At  the  twelve  meetings  of  1804,  the  average  attendance  was  7. 

July  3d.  Previous  to  the  annual  election,  a  letter  was  read  from 
Dr.  Redman,  expressing  a  desire  that  another  should  be  elected 
President  in  his  place.  No  change  of  officers  was  made.  The 
Secretary  was  directed  to  inform  Dr.  Redman  of  his  election,  and  to 
assure  him  of  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  College. 

October  2d.  Drs.  Currie,  Seybert,  and  Hewson  were  appointed  to 
assist — as  prescribed  by  Article  7  of  the  Constitution  of  the  Society 
— the  Presidents  and  Censors  to  consider  Avhat  papers  in  possession 
of  the  College  are  proper  for  publication. 

The  average  attendance  at  the  seventeen  meetings  of  1805  was  7.5. 
January  1st.  The  Committee  selected  thirteen  papers  to  be  pub- 
lished. 

6 


82  RUSCHENBEKGER, 

The  Committee  on  Publication  was  requested  to  examine  the 
papers  on  malignant,  contagious  fever,  and  report  what  measures  in 
reference  to  them  are  proper  to  be  taken  by  the  College. 

April  2d.  The  Vice-President  was  requested  to  ask  Dr.  Munson, 
Sr.,  of  New  Haven,  as  to  the  authenticity  of  Coleman's  "  History 
of  the  Importation  of  Yellow  Fever  into  New  Haven  in  1794." 

June  4th.  The  use  of  the  room  occupied  by  the  College  was 
granted  to  the  Agricultural  Society  on  condition  that  it  pay  half 
the  yearly  rent  of  the  room,  $20. 

July  2d.  William  Shippen  was  elected  President ;  Adam  Kuhn, 
Vice-President ;  Samuel  Duffield,  Thomas  Parke,  Caspar  Wistar,  and 
Samuel  P.  Griffitts,  Censors;  Thomas  Say,  Treasurer;  and  Thomas 
T.  Hewson,  Secretary. 

August  20th.  At  a  special  meeting,  called  at  his  request,  Dr. 
Currie  stated  that  a  malignant  fever  had  appeared  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Catharine  and  Water  Streets. 

September  10th.  Dr.  Currie  stated  that  the  malignant  fever  had 
spread  considerably  in  Southwark,  but  the  number  of  cases  within 
the  city  limits  had  not  increased ;  also,  that  he  and  Dr.  James  had 
been  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Health  to  request  the  College  to 
point  out  the  means  of  preventing  the  contagion  from  extending  in 
the  city. 

Drs.  Griffitts,  Wistar,  and  Parke  were  appointed  to  confer  with 
the  Board  of  Health  on  the  subject. 

September  19th.  A  special  meeting,  called  at  the  request  of  the 
Board  of  Health,  in  reference  to  the  following  letter  from  the 
Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth : 

Lancaster,  September  15,  1805. 

Sir  :  The  Governor  directs  me  to  call  the  attention  of  the  Board 
of  Health  to  the  25th  Section  of  the  Act  of  Assembly,  passed  the 
fifteenth  day  of  February,  1799,  entitled  "  An  Act  to  regulate  the 
General  Elections  within  the  Commonwealth,"  and  request  that  the 
Board  will  be  pleased  to  inform  him  whether  the  state  of  the  malig- 
nant fever  at  present  prevailing  in  the  suburbs  and  City  of  Philadel- 
phia will  render  it  necessary  to  change  the  places  fixed  by  law  for 


INSTITUTIOX    OF    COLLEGE    OF  PHYSICIANS  OF  PHILADELPHIA.       83 

holding  the  next  general  elections  within  the  same,  and  if  so,  to 
point  out  the  places  they  may  deem  most  convenient  for  said  pur- 
poses.    I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

T.  M.  Thompson. 
Ebenezer  Ferguson,  Esq., 

President  of  the  Board  of  Health. 

P.  S. — Be  pleased  to  communicate  this  to  the  College  of  Physicians 
of  the  City  of  Philadelphia. 

The  College  directed  the  Secretary  to  furnish  the  Board  of  Health 
with  a  copy  of  the  following  resolution  :  That  it  is  the  opinion  of 
the  College,  that,  from  present  appearances,  it  will  not  be  safe  to 
hold  the  election  at  the  Commissioners'  Hall  in  Southwark  ;  that 
the  usual  places  of  holding  the  elections  in  the  City  and  Northern 
Liberties  will  be  safe. 

October  1st.  In  a  letter  to  the  Vice-President,  dated  New  Haven, 
May  3, 1805,  Dr.  Eneas  Munson  confirmed  his  account  of  the  origin 
of  the  yellow  fever  at  New  Haven  in  1794. 

December  10th.  Drs.  Griffitts  and  James  were  appointed  to  super- 
intend the  publication  of  the  papers  on  malignant  fever. 

The  work  is  entitled:  "Additional  Facts  and  Observations  Rela- 
tive to  the  Nature  and  Origin  of  the  Pestilential  Fever."  By  the 
College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia.  8vo.,  pp.  99.  Printed  by 
A.  Bartram.  For  Thomas  Dobson,  at  the  Stonehouse,  No.  41  South 
Second  Street.  Philadelphia,  1806.  Lewis  Library,  Coll.  Phys.  of 
Pkilada.,  No.  485. 

Copies  of  the  work  were  distributed  February  4,  1806. 

The  average  attendance  of  the  12  meetings  of  1806  was  6.7  ;  of 
the  12  meetings  of  1807,  was  7.2  ;  of  the  12  meetings  of  1808,  was 
6.5;  of  the  12  meetings  of  1809,  was  Q.b;  of  the  12  meetings  of 
1810,  was  6.3 ;  of  the  13  meetings  of  1811,  was  Q.Q,  and  of  the  12 
meetings  of  1812,  was  5.9. 

During  the  first  twenty  years  of  the  recorded  existence  of  the  Col- 
lege, ending  January,  1807,  the  average  attendance  at  the  meetings 
was  numerically  small ;  but  relative  to  the  number  of  Fellows  it  was 
as  large  as  it  is  now.     In  January,  1787,  the  College  consisted  of 


84  RUSCHENBEKGER, 

24  Fellows,  the  founders.  Between  that  time  and  January,  1807, 
22  were  elected,  making  an  aggregate  of  46.  From  this  are  to  be 
deducted  three  who  forfeited  their  fellowship ;  three  who  resigned, 
and  six  who  died,  making  12,  leaving  the  number  34.  And  tAvo  or 
three  were  absent  from  the  city  during  months  at  a  time.  From 
these  data  it  is  conjectured  that  about  one-third  of  the  Fellows  in  the 
city  attended  the  stated  and  special  meetings. 

Many  of  the  Fellows  of  the  College  were  members  of  other  socie- 
ties of  the  time,  which  claimed  their  attention  and  presence ;  and  the 
Fellows  generally  were  actively  engaged  in  professional  business. 

The  American  Medical  Society  still  existed.  The  Philadelphia 
Medical  Society  was  carried  on  with  spirit,  and  held  weekly  meet- 
ings. Those  Fellows  of  the  College  who  were  professors  in  the 
University,  as  well  as  others,  were  very  frequently  present,  and  the 
fortnightly  stated  meetings  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society 
were  usually  attended  by  some  of  the  Fellows  of  the  College,  many 
of  whom  were  members  of  it,  as  well  as  of  the  Philadelphia  Medical 
Society. 

The  Chemical  Society  of  Philadelphia,  which  was  instituted  in 
1792,  held  stated  meetings  weekly,  in  the  Philadelphia  Laboratory, 
or  Anatomical  Hall.  Some  of  the  Fellows  of  the  College  were 
members  of  it.  The  chief  purpose  of  this  Association  was  to  acquire 
information  relative  to  the  minerals  of  the  United  States.  A  stand- 
ing committee  of  five  was  charged  with  the  duty  of  analyzing  any 
mineral  which  might  be  submitted  to  it,  provided  it  were  sent  free  of 
expense,  with  an  account  of  the  locality  and  situation  in  which  it 
was  found.  The  analyses  were  made  without  charge.  Notice  of 
these  terms  was  published  in  several  newspapers  of  the  United  States. 
In  1797  the  members  of  the  Analyzing  Committee,  to  either  of  whom 
a  mineral  might  be  submitted  for  examination  and  report  were : 

Thomas  Smith,  No.  19  North  Fifth  Street. 

James  Woodhouse,  No.  13  Cherry  Street. 

Samuel  Cooper,  No.  178  South  Front  Street. 

Adam  Seyhert,  191  North  Second  Street. 

John  C.  Otto,  37  North  Fourth  Street.^ 

1  The  Weekly  Magazine,  Philadelphia,  February  3,  1798. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.       85 

In  April,  1798,  Thomas  P.  Smith  delivered  a  "learned  and  ingeni- 
ous oration  "  before  the  Society,  a  copy  of  which  was  requested  for 
publication.     George  Lee  was  the  Junior  Secretary. 

The  officers  of  the  Chemical  Society  of  Philadelphia  in  1802,  were 
James  Woodhouse,  President ;  Felix  Pascalis  and  John  Redman, 
Vice-Presidents ;  William  S.  Jacobs,  Librarian ;  William  Brown, 
John  S.  Dorsey,  Curates;  John  Y.  Bryant,  Treasurer;  Thomas 
Brown,  Secretary} 

A  Society  for  investigating  the  causes  for  the  late  mortality  in 
this  city  is  about  to  be  instituted,  and  a  book  for  the  subscription  of 
such  as  mean  to  become  members  of  it,  lies  at  the  bookstore  of  Mr. 
Armrod,  No.  41  Chestnut  St.^ 

This  public  notice  probably  relates  to  the  Academy  of  Medicine  of 
Philadelphia. 

From  the  mutilated  I'ecord  of  proceedings  of  this  short-lived 
society,  bits  of  its  history,  the  names  of  some  of  its  members  may 
be  learned. 

January  15,  1798.  Academy  of  Medicine  of  Philadelphia.  Pre- 
sent, Physick,  President;  Caldwell  and  Reynolds,  Vice-Presidents; 
Rush,  Strong,  Cooper,  Otto,  Coxe,  Budd,  Dewees,  Pascalis,  Heylin, 
Gallaher,  and  Sayre. 

The  by-laws  were  discussed.  Adjourned  to  meet  January  22d,  6 
o'clock  P.M.  at  Mr.  Lees  school-room  in  Norris's  Alley. 

January  22d.  In  addition  to  those  named  above  Dr.  Mease  is  noted 
among  those  present. 

July  9,  1798.  Roll  of  members  to  be  called,  and  fines  of  absentees 
to  be  collected. 

August  8th.  The  Academy  presented  to  the  Board  of  Health  a 
document  embracing  its  views  on  the  yellow  fever,  then  prevailing, 
which  was  published  for  the  information  of  the  public  and  signed  by 
the  President,  Philip  Syng  Physick,  and  Secretary,  Francis  Bowes 
Sayre.^ 

1  The  Philadelphia  Directory,  City  and  County  Register  for  1802.    By  James 
Robinson. 

The  names  of  Fellows  of  the  College  are  in  italics. 

'  The  Weekly  Magazine,  vol.  i.  p.  3L     Philadelphia,  1798. 

^  History  of  Yellow  Fever,  1798.     By  Thomas  Condie  and  Richard  Folwell. 


86  RUSCHENBERGER, 

November  20th.  Francis  Bowes  Sayre  and  Cooper  reported  dead. 
Dr.  Mease  was  appointed  to  read  a  memoir  of  Sayre,  and  Dr.  Coxe 
a  memoir  of  Cooper.     J.  C.  Otto,  Secretary. 

December  10th.  A  seal  of  the  Society  was  adopted,  with  the  legend, 
"  The  Academy  of  Medicine  of  Philadelphia.  Instituted  January  8, 
1798." 

The  incorporation  of  the  Society  was  proposed. 

It  was  resolved  to  meet  in  the  future  at  Mr.  Pool's  school-room  in 
Cherry  Alley. 

December  17th.  Dr.  Caldwell  delivered  the  semi-annual  address,  a 
copy  of  which  was  requested  for  immediate  publication. 

Dr.  Mease  read  the  report  of  a  committee  appointed  to  draft  an 
answer  to  the  publication  of  the  College  of  Physicians. 

Dr.  Coxe  delivered  an  eulogium  on  Dr.  Sayre. 

January  15,  1799.  The  answer  to  the  College  of  Physicians  was 
ordered  to  be  inserted  in  the  several  newspapers  of  the  city. 

Dr.  Mease  read  his  eulogium  on  Dr.  Cooper. 

February  11,  1799.  Ordered  that  6  copies  of  Dr.  Caldwell's  semi- 
annual address  be  given  to  each  member  of  the  Academy  ;  that  300 
copies  be  retained  by  the  librarian,  and  the  rest  to  be  disposed  of  by 
Mr.  Bradford.^ 

At  a  stated  meeting  of  the  Academy  of  Medicine,  the  following 
were  elected  officers  for  1799 :  Philip  Syng  Physick,  President ; 
Charles  Caldwell  and  William  Dewees,  Vice-Presidents  ;  John  C. 
Otto,  Secretary ;  James  Gallaher,  Librarian ;  William  Budd, 
Treasurer. 

Charles  Caldwell,  William  Dewees,  James  Mease,  Felix  Pascalis, 
and  James  Reynolds,  Committee  on  Correspondence- 
John  Redman  Coxe,  John  C.  Otto,  James  Stewart,  and  Rene  La 
Roche,  Committee  on  Meteorology. 

Benjamin  Rush,  Philip  Syng  Physick,  and  Joseph  Strong,  Com- 
mittee on  Revision. 

William  Budd,  James  Gallaher,  and  Isaac  Heylin,  Committee  on 
Annual  bills  of  Mortality. 

1  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.     Collection  of  Manuscripts. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE  OF  PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.       87 

The  Academy  Avill  publish  a  volume  of  transactions  in  the  course 
of  a  few  weeks/ 

The  Academy  of  Medicine  of  Philadelphia  did  not  long  survive. 

The  Medical  Lyceum  of  Philadelphia  was  founded  in  1804. 

The  following  list  of  its  officers  is  given  in  Robinson's  Philadelphia 
Directory  for  1806. 

Drs.  John  Redman  Coxe,  William  P.  Dewees,  N.  Chapman,  and 
John  S.  Dorsey,  Presidents ;  Dr.  E.  Griffiths,  Treasurer ;  Dr.  J.  C. 
Rousseau,  Librarian  ;  Dr.  C  Meredith,  Curator ;  Dr.  G.  Farquhar, 
Corresponding  Secretary  ;  and  Samuel  Tucker,  Recording  Secretary.^ 

A  prize  of  a  gold  medal  worth  fifty  dollars  was  offered  February 
5, 1808,  for  the  best  essay  on  the  question,  "Does  the  human  body 
possess  the  jDOwer  of  absorbing  substances  applied  to  its  surface?  "^ 
The  essays  were  to  be  submitted  before  January  1,  1809.  No  award 
was  made.     The  offer  of  the  prize  was  renewed  February  22,  1809. 

For  1809  the  officers  were  John  Syng  Dorsey,  President ;  Messrs. 
Armstrong,  and  Mezyek,  Vice-Presidents  ;  Elijah  Griffiths,  Treas- 
urer; Dr.  Barton,  Jun.,  Librarian;  Dr.  William  Shaw,  Curator; 
Dr.  J.  C.  Rousseau,  Corresponding  Secretary ;  and  —  Clark,  Re- 
cording Secretary. 

Notice  of  the  Medical  Lyceum  after  1819  has  not  been  met  with. 

The  number  of  Fellows  habitually  present  at  the  meetings  was 
probably  somewhat  restricted,  not  only  by  the  meetings  of  several 
societies  in  which  they  were  interested,  but  also  by  the  lack  of  pub- 
lication of  transactions.  Fellows  of  the  Society  in  many  instances 
published  papers  in  periodicals,  in  preference  to  presenting  them  to 
the  College. 

Drs.  Thomas  T.  Hewson,  Joseph  Parrish,  John  C.  Otto,  and 
Thomas  C.  James  edited  "  The  Eclectic  Repertory  and  Analytical 

1  Medical  Eepository,  1799. 

2  Medical  Museum,  vol.  2,  1806. 
s  Medical  Museum,  vol.  5,  1808. 


88  EUSCHENBERGER, 

Review,  Medical  and  Philosophical.  Edited  by  a  Society  of  Physi- 
cians." The  first  quarterly  number  appeared  October,  1810,  and  the 
publication  continued  till  October,  1820.  The  first  number  of  a  new 
series  was  begun  January,  1821,  entitled  "  The  Journal  of  Foreign 
Medical  Science  and  Literature,"  being  a  continuation  of  the  "Eclec- 
tic Repertory,"  conducted  by  Samuel  Emlen,  Jr.,  M.D.,  William 
Price,  M.D.  A^ol.  3, 1823,  edited  by  Samuel  Emlen,  Jr.,  M.D.,  and 
the  4th  and  last,  1824,  by  John  D.  Goodman,  M.D. 

Whatever  may  have  been  the  cause,  the  College  was  in  a  languid 
condition  during  several  years. 

June  2,  1807,  the  entrance  fee  was  reduced  from  $26.67  to  $15. 

NOTICE  OF  DR.  JOHN  REDMAN. 

After  more  than  eighteen  years'  service  Dr.  Redman,  in  compli- 
ance with  his  often  expressed  wish,  was  relieved  of  the  presidency  of 
the  College  July  2,  1805.  He  died  of  apoplexy  at  the  advanced 
age  of  86  years,  March  19,  1808,  two  years  and  eight  months  after 
Dr.  William  Shippen  had  been  elected  in  his  place. 

He  had  been  a  faithful  and  efiicient  officer,  rarely  absent  from  the 
meetings  ;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  College,  and  yet  no  notice 
of  his  death  is  recorded  on  its  minutes. 

The  many  references  to  him  in  the  preceding  pages  imply  that  he 
was  highly  respected  in  the  community  on  account  of  his  benevolent 
character  and  professional  skill.  His  deportment  seems  to  have  been 
always  sincere,  pleasant,  but  somewhat  sedate.  He  is  not  named  in 
connection  with  any  occasion  of  mirth  or  festivity  ;  but  Dr.  Benjamin 
Rush,  who  habitually  garnered,  or  rather  hoarded,  every  scrap  of 
manuscript  which  came  to  him,  has  left  among  his  papers  the  follow- 
ing:  "Dr.  Redman's  Toast, — The  dignity  and  success  of  the  healing 
art :  And  long  health,  competent  wealth,  and  exquisite  happiness  to 
the  individual  practitioner,  Avho  makes  the  health,  and  comfort  and 
happiness  of  his  fellow  mortals  one  of  the  chief  ends  and  delights  of 
his  life,  and  acts  therein  from  motives  that  render  him  superior  to  all 
the  difficulties  he  may  have  to  encounter  in  the  pursuit  thereof."^ 

1  Rush  MS.,  vol.  22,  p.  8. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.         89 

By  preserving  that  bit  of  paper,  Dr.  Rush  has  unconsciously  cast 
a  little  gem  on  the  cairn  of  his  dear  old  master.  It  is  a  witness  of 
his  devotion  to  "the  healing  art;"  and  indicates  what  the  conduct 
and  qualifications  of  the  "individual  practitioner"  should  be,  in  his 
opinion,  to  deserve  the  many  blessings  which  he  provisionally  wishes 
for  him.  The  toast  was  good  and  applicable  when  delivered,  is  now, 
and  ever  will  be.  It  holds  up  precepts  which,  if  generally  followed 
as  closely  as  the  first  president  of  the  College  seems  to  have  followed 
them,  would  augment  the  worthiness  of  the  profession,  and  conse- 
quently the  esteem  of  the  people  for  its  members. 

Dr.  Redman  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  February  27,  1722.  He 
was  educated  at  Mr.  Tennent's  Academy,  and  studied  medicine  under 
Dr.  John  Kearsley.  When  he  was  qualified  to  practise,  he  went  to 
Bermuda,  where  he  remained  several  years,  and  thence  to  Europe. 
He  passed  one  year  in  Edinburgh,  attended  lectures,  dissections,  and 
hospitals  in  Paris,  and  graduated  at  Leyden,  July,  1748.  After  pass- 
ing some  time  at  Guy's  Hospital,  he  returned  to  and  settled  in  Phila- 
delphia, where  he  soon  acquired  celebrity. 

He  was  one  of  the  physicians  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  from 
1751  to  1780  ;  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia, 
1765 ;  and  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society  from 
January  19,  1768.  When  he  retired  from  practice,  1784,  he  was 
elected  an  elder  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church. 

He  published  in  1759,  A  Defence  of  Inoculation. 

During  forty  years  Dr.  Redman  resided  on  the  west  side  of  Sec- 
ond Street,  about  a  hundred  yards  south  of  Arch  Street. 

He  "  was  somewhat  below  the  middle  stature,  his  complexion  was 
dark,  his  eyes  black  and  uncommonly  animated  ;  and  his  gesture  and 
speech  such  as  indicated  a  mind  always  busy  and  teeming  with  new 
and  original  conceptions  of  human  and  divine  things."^ 

Dr.  Redman  was  "an  antiquated  looking  old  gentleman,  usually 
habited  in  a  broad-skirted  dark  coat,  with  long  pocket  flaps,  buttoned 
across  his  under  dress ;  wearing,  in  strict  conformity  with  the  cut  of 
his  coat,  a  pair  of  Baron  Steuben's  style  of  military  boots,  coming 
above  the  knees  for  riding.     His  hat  flapped  before  and  cocked  up 

*  Medical  Museum,  vol.  v.  ♦ 


90  RUSCHENBERGER, 

smartly  behind,  covering  a  full  bottomed  powdered  wig — in  front  of 
wbicli  might  be  seen  an  eagle  pointed  nose,  separating  a  pair  of 
piercing  black  eyes — his  lips  exhibiting  (but  only  now  and  then),  a 
quick  motion,  as  though  at  the  moment  he  was  endeavoring  to  extract 
the  essence  of  a  small  quid."^ 

At  a  special  meeting,  July  25,  1808,  Dr.  Caspar  Wistar  was  chosen 
by  ballot  to  prepare  an  eulogium  in  commemoration  of  Dr.  William 
Shippen,  late  President  of  the  Society,  which  was  delivered  in  the 
college  hall  in  Fourth  Street,  March  7, 1809,  in  presence  of  different 
societies  invited  to  attend.^ 

Dr.  Adam  Kuhn  was  elected  President,  Dr.  Samuel  Duffield,  Vice- 
president,  and  Dr.  William  Currie,  a  Censor,  September  6,  1808. 

NOTICE  OF  DR.  WILLIAM  SHIPPEN. 

Much  has  been  said  of  the  career  of  Dr.  Shippen  in  preceding 
pages.     Yet  something  may  be  properly  added. 

Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr. — commonly  called  professor,  to  dis- 
tinguish him  from  his  eminent  father,  William  Shippen,  the  elder — 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Oct.  21,  1736,  and  died  in  Germantown, 
July  11,  1808,  aged  71  years.' 

He  received  a  bachelor's  degree  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey 
in  1754.  His  father  taught  him  medicine  till  1758,  when  he  went 
to  Europe.  In  1761  the  University  of  Edinbui'gh  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine.  He  returned  to  Philadelphia 
in  May,  1762,  and,  the  same  year,  Nov.  16,  delivered  at  the  State 
House  an  introductory  lecture  to  a  course  of  lectures  on  anatomy 
the  first  delivered  in  Philadelphia,  if  not  in  America.  The  regular 
coui'se  began  at  his  father's  house  in  Fourth  St.,  Nov.  26th.  His 
lectures  were  repeated  yearly  till  Sept.  23, 1765,  when  he  was  elected 

1  Watson's  Annals,  vol.  ii.  p.  382. 

^  This  discourse  was  not  printed  till  after  Dr.  Wistar's  death,  1818. 

'  Descendants  of  Dr.  'William  Shippen.    Compiled  by  Mr.  Charles  E.  Hilde- 
burn. 
'  The  Pennsylvania  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography,  vol.  i.  p.   109,  1877. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.         91 

professor  of  anatomy  and  surgery  in  tlie  Medical  School  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Philadelphia,  which  had  been  planned  and  inaugurated  by 
Dr.  John  Morgan,  May,  1765. 

After  the  College  was  superseded  by  the  University  of  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania  its  trustees  elected  him.  May  11,  1780,  professor  of 
anatomy,  surgery,  and  midwifery.  Afterward  he  was  professor  of 
anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  till  1806,  when  he 
retired. 

He  was  appointed,  July  15,  1776,  "  chief  physician  of  the  flying 
camp."  He  submitted  to  Congress,  March,  1777,  a  plan  for  the 
organization  of  a  hospital  department,  which,  with  some  modifica- 
tion, was  adopted.  Congress  elected  him,  April  11,  1777,  "Director- 
General  of  all  the  military  hospitals  of  the  Armies  of  the  United 
States,"  an  office  from  which  he  resigned  Jan.  3,  1781. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society 
Nov.  1767,  one  of  its  Curators  for  1771,  and  one  of  its  Secretaries 
for  1772. 

If  he  contributed  anything  to  the  literature  of  either  medicine  or 
science,  it  has  not  been  found.  His  claim  to  the  enduring  approba- 
tion of  his  fellow-citizens  mainly  rests  on  his  being  the  pioneer  of 
systematic  teaching  of  anatomy  and  surgery  in  Philapelphia,  for 
which  he  was  eminently  qualified.  His  skill,  his  eloquence  as  a 
teacher,  exercised  during  forty  years  in  the  first  medical  school  of 
the  country,  made  him  widely  known  at  home  and  abroad,  and  won 
for  him  permanent  distinction  and  respect  in  the  medical  world. 

Nov.  5,  1811,  Drs.  Parke  and  Griffitts  were  appointed  to  confer 
with  the  Board  of  Health  in  compliance  with  its  request.  They  re- 
ported, Feb.  4,  1812,  that  the  Board  of  Health  urged  the  coopera- 
tion of  the  College  in  an  application  to  the  Legislature  for  renewal 
of  the  health  law. 

Dr.  Benjamin  Rush,  one  of  the  senior  class  of  founders  of  the 
College,  died  April  19,  1813.  He  resigned  in  1793.  Though  he 
has  been  the  subject  of  many  eulogies  his  life  has  not  been  precisely 
described. 


92  RUSCHENBERGER, 


NOTICE  OF  DR.  BENJAMIN  RUSH. 


Dr.  Rush  was  born  on  his  fathers  farm,  twelve  or  fourteen  miles 
northeast  of  Philadelphia,  Dec.  24,  1745.  Both  his  grandfather, 
James  Rush,  who  died  in  1727,  and  his  father,  John  Rush,  were 
gunsmiths.  Their  ancestors,  most  of  them  members  of  the  Society 
of  Friends,  followed  William  Penn  to  this  country  1683. 

While  Dr.  Rush  was  very  young  his  father  died,  and  left  him  to 
the  care  of  his  mother,  to  whose  affectionate  effort  he  was  indebted 
for  his  education.  Her  very  limited  means  prompted  her,  for  the  wel- 
fare of  her  son,  to  establish  herself  on  Market  Street  east  of  Second, 
in  a  retail  trade  of  groceries  and  provisions.  Her  place  of  business 
was  indicated  by  a  sign,  and  known  as  the  "Blazing  Star."  The 
crown  of  her  enterprise,  industry,  and  maternal  devotion  is  seen  in 
the  renown  of  her  son :  she  alone  enabled  him  to  achieve  it. 

About  the  age  of  eight  or  nine  years  Rush  was  placed  in  the  West 
Nottingham  grammar  school,  sixty  miles  southwest  from  Philadel- 
phia, then  in  charge  of  his  uncle,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  Finley. 
After  due  preparation  he  was  transferred  to  the  College  of  New 
Jersey,  at  Princeton,  from  which  he  received  the  bachelor's  degree 
in  1760,  before  he  had  completed  his  fifteenth  year. 

He  was  next  apprenticed  to  Dr.  John  Redman  for  six  years.  He 
kept  a  common-place  book,  and  in  it  made  notes  of  his  observations 
on  the  yellow  fever  prevalent  in  1762.  During  his  seventeenth 
year  he  translated  the  Aphorisms  of  Hippocrates  from  Greek  into 
English. 

At  the  conclusion  of  his  apprenticeship  he  went  to  Europe,  and 
after  publicly  defending  a  thesis,  De  Coctione  cihorum  in  ventriculo, 
the  University  of  Edinburgh  conferred  upon  him,  in  1768,  the  degree 
of  doctor  of  medicine.  Then  he  passed  some  time  in  London, 
attending  hospitals  and  lectures.  After  a  visit  to  Paris,  he  returned 
to  Philadelphia  in  the  spring  of  1769,  started  in  the  practice  of 
medicine  and  was  soon  elected  professor  of  chemistry  in  the  College 
of  Philadelphia. 

February  26,  1768,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society ;  a  curator,  1770-72 ;  one  of  the  secretaries, 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.         93 

1773-76 ;  one  of  the  councillors,  1786 ;  and  one  of  the  vice-presi- 
dents, 1797  to  1801.  He  contributed  six  papers  to  the  Transactions 
of  the  Society. 

He  was  active  among  those  who  planned  and  established  the 
Philadelphia  Dispensary,  in  1786,  and  was  one  of  its  attending 
physicians. 

In  1789  he  was  elected  professor  of  the  theory  and  practice  of 
medicine,  vice  Dr.  Morgan,  deceased;  and  was  one  of  the  physicians 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  during  thirty  years. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress  six  and  a  half  months,  from  July 
20,  1776,  and,  after  it  had  been  engrossed,  signed  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  which  had  been  adopted  prior  to  his  election. 

He  was  appointed,  in  1777,  physician-general  of  the  military  hos- 
pital of  the  middle  department. 

In  1789  he  was  a  member  of  the  convention  of  Pennsylvania  for 
the  adoption  of  the  federal  constitution. 

President  John  Adams  appointed  him  Treasurer  of  the  Mint  of  the 
United  States ;  he  held  the  office  during  the  last  fourteen  years  of 
his  life. 

Dr.  Rush  possessed  quick  perception  and  tenacious  memory.  He 
was  an  early  riser,  persistently  industrious,  and  his  facility  in  the 
use  of  language  in  writing,  conversation,  and  public  speaking  was 
eminent. 

"  His  gentleness  of  manner,  his  sympathy  with  the  distressed,  his 
kindness  to  the  poor,  his  varied  and  extensive  erudition,  his  profes- 
sional acquirements,  and  his  faithful  attention  to  the  sick,  all  united 
in  procuring  for  him  the  esteem  and  respect,  and  the  confidence  of 
his  fellow-citizens,  and  thereby  introducing  him  to  an  extensive  and 
lucrative  practice." 

During  several  years  he  had  from  fifteen  to  thirty  private  pupils, 
students  in  his  office. 

His  philanthropy  was  manifested  in  promoting  whatever  seemed  to 
him  likely  to  ameliorate  the  condition  of  mankind.  He  favored  all 
means  of  education,  recommended  the  establishment  of  free  schools 
in  every  county  of  the  State.  He  was  active  in  promoting  the 
>onterests  of  Dickinson  College,  at  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  advocated  tem- 
perance, and  was  president  of  the  Society  for  the  Abolition  of  Slavery. 


94  RUSCHENBERGER, 

He  condemned  the  use  of  tobacco  and  was  opposed  to  capital  pun- 
ishment. 

In  spite  of  his  general  benevolence  he  was  dogmatic,  impatient  of 
contradiction,  and  often  unreasonably  resentful.  Some  conflict  of 
opinion  on  College  affairs  with  the  Provost,  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Ewing, 
prompted  him  to  sever  his  membership  with  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
of  which  the  Rev.  Dr.  was  pastor.  His  attitude  was  unfriendly  and 
resentful  to  those  medical  friends  whose  opinions  in  connection  with 
yellow  fever  were  in  conflict  with  his  own.  His  relations  with  many 
of  the  medical  men  of  Philadelphia  became  so  unpleasant  to  his  sen- 
sitive nature  that,  in  1797,  he  expressed  readiness  to  remove  to  New 
York,  provided  he  were  appointed  to  a  medical  professorship  in 
Columbia  College. 

Aug.  13,  1813.  Dr.  Samuel  Duffield  declined  reelection  to  the 
office  of  Vice-President,  because  his  condition  of  health  prevented 
him  from  attending  the  meetings  of  the  College. 

Aug.  2,  1814.  Arrears  of  rent  for  three  years  were  ordered  to  be 
paid. 

An  inefiectual  application  to  reduce  the  rent  of  the  room  occupied 
by  the  College  to  less  than  forty  dollars  a  year  was  made  Dec.  6, 
1814,  and  again  March  7,  1815. 

July  4,  1815,  the  reported  balance  in  the  treasury  was  $141.81. 

Jan.  2,  1816,  an  examination  and  selection  of  papers  in  possession 
of  the  College  suitable  for  publication  was  ordered. 

Aug.  5,  1817.  The  decease  of  our  much  respected  President,  Dr. 
Adam  Kuhn,  having  taken  place  since  our  last  meeting,  the  Secre- 
tary is  directed  to  record  it. 

NOTICE  OF  DR.  ADAM  KUHN. 

Dr.  Adam  Kuhn  was  born  in  Germantown,  Philadelphia,  Novem- 
ber 17,  1741,  old  style.  His  grandfather,  John  Christopher,  and 
his  father,  Adam  Simon  Kuhn,  were  natives  of  Furfeld,  a  small  town 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.         95 

on  the  Neckar  in  the  circle  of  Suabia.  Both  came  to  Philadelphia 
in  1733. 

Adam  Simon  Kuhn  was  a  bright  man,  improved  by  a  liberal  edu- 
cation, and  was  considered  a  very  skilful  and  successful  practitioner 
of  medicine.  He  was  a  magistrate  of  the  borough  of  Lancaster  and 
an  elder  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

Dr.  Adam  Kuhn's  first  studies  in  medicine  were  directed  by  his 
father.  In  the  autumn  of  1761,  he  left  Philadelphia  and  arrived  at 
Upsal,  by  way  of  London,  early  in  January,  1762,  having  traversed 
Norway  and  a  part  of  Sweden.  He  studied  botany  and  medicine 
under  Linnseus  and  the  other  professors  of  the  University  of  Upsal 
until  July  or  August,  1764.  Then  he  returned  to  London  and 
remained  about  a  year.  He  went  to  Edinburgh  and  received  the 
degree  of  M.D.  from  the  University,  June  12,  1767,  his  thesis 
being  De  Lavatione  Frigida. 

While  abroad  he  visited  France,  Holland,  and  Germany. 

He  returned  from  London,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia,  January, 
1768.  He  soon  acquired  a  respectable  practice  and  a  high  degree 
of  estimation  among  his  elder  medical  brethren. 

In  January,  1768,  he  was  appointed  professor  of  materia  medica 
and  botany  in  the  College  of  Philadelphia;  and  in  January,  1774, 
one  of  the  physicians  of  a  society  instituted  for  inoculating  the  poor 
for  smallpox.  During  the  preceding  year,  1773,  above  300  persons 
died  of  smallpox.  The  unsettled  state  of  public  affairs  put  an  end 
to  the  society  in  April. 

He  was  elected  one  of  the  Physicians  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hos- 
pital, May,  1775,  and  after  serving  the  institution  more  than  twenty- 
two  years,  he  resigned  in  January,  1798. 

He  was  one  of  the  consulting  physicians  of  the  Philadelphia  Dis- 
pensary, founded  1786,  and  was  always  among  the  foremost  of  its 
steady  friends  and  patrons. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society  from 
January  19,  1768 ;  one  of  the  curators  from  1769  to  1771,  and  a 
councillor  from  1796  till  1802. 

He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  of  which 
he  was  elected  President,  September  6,  1808. 

He  was  appointed  professor  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  medi- 


96  RUSCHENBERGER, 

cine,  November,  1789,  in  the  University  of  the  State,  and  to  the 
same  cliair,  in  January,  1792,  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
from  which  he  resigned  in  1797. 

He  married,  in  the  island  of  St.  Croix,  May,  1780,  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Isaac  Hartman,  Esq.,  and  had  two  sons. 

He  relinquished  practice  in  the  autumn  of  1815.  Fully  sensible 
of  his  approaching  dissolution,  he  died  July  5,  1817,  aged  seventy- 
five  years. 

His  thesis,  and  a  short  letter  to  Dr.  John  C.  Lettsom,  on  diseases 
succeeding  the  transplantation  of  teeth,  printed  in  the  Memoirs  of 
the  Medical  Society  of  London,  vol.  i.,  are  his  only  publications. 
"  This  is  not  the  only  instance  in  which  a  dislike  to  appear  before 
the  public  has  deprived  us  of  the  experience  of  those  who  were  best 
qualified,  by  their  talents  and  observations,  to  communicate  instruc- 
tion." 

''  Dr.  Kuhn  was  not  remarkable  for  the  powers  of  imagination ; 
but  in  sound  judgment  he  greatly  excelled.  His  talent  for  observa- 
tion was  profound.  He  was  through  life  a  studious  reader ;  a  lover 
of  music  from  his  youth;  remarkably  abstemious  and  regular  in  his 
diet,  and  neat  in  his  person." 

He  was  reserved  in  his  general  intercourse,  but  affable  and  com- 
municative in  the  company  of  his  friends.  His  manners  were  void 
of  ostentation  or  assumption.  In  conduct  he  was  firm  and  decisive; 
and  he  was  strictly  punctual  and  observant  of  all  his  engagements.^ 
His  sincerity  is  manifest  in  the  following  extract  from  his  MS.  lec- 
tures on  yellow  fever : 

"The  consequences  that  have  attended  it  [yellow  fever  of  1793] 
have  interested  the  feelings  of  the  Avhole  community  in  the  highest 
degree ;  but  the  practitioners  of  physic  in  this  city  are  more  particu- 
larly concerned,  as  it  has  not  only  brought  the  spirit  of  discord  among 
them,  but  has  certainly  lessened  the  confidence  in  the  art  and  the 
professors  of  it  which  they  heretofore  possessed  in  an  eminent  degree. 

1  The  Eclectic  Repertory  and  Analytical  Eeview,  vol.  viii.  p.  235.  Phila- 
delphia, 1818. 

Reprinted  in  separate  form.  See  Pamphlets,  vol.  8.  Library  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia. 

Also,  in  Thacher's  American  Medical  Biography. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.         97 

As  I  mean  to  confine  my  remarks  in  a  great  measure  to  what  came 
under  my  own  observation,  it  may  be  proper  to  mention  that  I  saw 
the  first  patient  in  this  fever  on  the  23d  of  August  [1793],  and  the 
last  on  the  I'ith  of  September.  The  state  of  my  health  then  render- 
ing me  incapable  to  continue  my  attendance  on  the  sick,  I  quitted 
the  city  on  the  14th  of  September,  and  returned  on  the  1st  of  No- 
vember. Within  that  period  I  visited  near  70  different  patients;  of 
these,  10  only  had  the  yellow  fever,  including  two  for  whom  I  pre- 
scribed, though  I  had  it  not  in  my  power  to  visit  them,  and  three 
whom  I  attended  in  consultation,  being  patients  of  other  gentlemen 
of  the  profession.  I  ought  to  observe  that  I  was  confined  by  indis- 
position from  the  3d  to  the  10th  of  September;  that  I  then  visited 
a  few  patients  until  the  12th,  but  finding  my  strength  not  equal  to 
the  task,  and  my  headache  and  fever  returning,  I  left  the  city,  as 
before  observed,  on  the  14th.  Of  these  ten  five  died,  but  it  is  with 
a  satisfaction  I  want  words  to  express  that  I  can  with  truth  declare 
that  every  person  for  whom  I  prescribed  within  48  hours  of  his  being 
seized  with  the  fever  recovered  and  continues  in  health,  except  the 
mode  of  treatment  was  changed,  which  happened  in  the  case  of  the  un- 
fortunate Dr.  Hutchinson,  after  sickness  prevented  me  from  continu- 
ing my  attendance  on  him.  Of  the  other  patients  whom  I  attended 
within  that  period,  some  labored  under  diseases  peculiar  to  the  climate 
at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  and  others  were  attacked  with  influenza, 
which  prevailed  generally  as  an  epidemic  in  the  city  at  the  same 
time."^ 

March  3,  1818.  The  Secretary  was  directed  to  record  the  death 
of  Dr.  Caspar  Wistar,  which  occurred  January  22, 1818,  in  his  58th 
year. 

April  7th.  Drs.  Parke  and  Griffitts  were  appointed  to  publish  Dr. 
Wistar's  eulogium  on  Dr.  William  Shippen. 

NOTICE  OF  DR.  CASPAR  WISTAR. 

Dr.  Caspar  Wistar  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  13, 1761, 
and  educated  at  the  Penn  Charter  School.     His  discernment  of  the 

^  MS.  Lectures  on  Yellow  Fever.  By  Adam  Kuhn.  Libr.  Coll.  Phys. 
Phila.,  F.  844. 

7 


98  RUSCHENBERGER, 

need  and  comfort  of  medical  aid  to  those  hurt  at  the  battle  of  Ger- 
mantown  in  1777  determined  his  choice  of  profession.  He  became 
a  pupil  of  Dr.  John  Redman,  and  during  the  last  year  of  his  appren- 
ticeship attended  the  practice  of  Dr.  John  Jones.  In  1782  the 
University  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  conferred  upon  him  the 
desxree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine.  He  sailed  for  England  October, 
1783,  and,  after  spending  a  year  in  London,  went  to  Edinburgh. 
The  University  of  that  city  conferred  upon  him,  June,  1786,  the 
degree  of  M.D.,  after  publicly  defending  his  thesis,  De  Animo 
Demisso.  After  an  absence  of  more  than  three  years,  he  returned 
to  Philadelphia  January,  1787.  He  was  appointed  an  attending 
physician  of  the  Philadelphia  Dispeiisary  the  same  year. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society 
July  20,  1787;  was  one  of  the  curators  1792-94;  one  of  the  vice- 
presidents  1792-1814;  and  succeeded  Thomas  Jefferson  as  President, 
January  6,  1815.  He  contributed  six  papers  to  the  Transactions  of 
the  Society. 

In  1788  he  married  Isabella  Marshall,  who  died  in  1790. 

In  1789  he  was  elected  professor  of  chemistry  in  the  College  of 
Philadelphia. 

In  the  autumn  of  1793  he  was  appointed  a  physician  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and  resigned  in  1810. 

He  married  Elizabeth  Mifflin  in  1798. 

He  was  elected  to  the  professorship  of  anatomy  in  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1808,  and  filled  the  office  at  the  time  of  his 
death. 

He  succeeded  Dr.  Rush  as  President  of  the  Society  for  the  Abo- 
lition of  Slavery;  and  was  one  of  the  censors  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  from  December  3,  1793,  till  he  died,  January  22,  1818. 

Dr.  Wistar  was  in  every  respect  an  exemplary  man,  remarkable 
for  his  strong  good  sense,  amiable  deportment,  professional  skill,  and 
superior  qualifications  as  a  teacher  of  anatomy.  His  social  disposi- 
tion induced  him  to  entertain  in  a  modest  way  at  his  home,  every 
Saturday  evening,  medical  and  other  friends,  as  well  as  distinguished 
strangers  who  came  to  the  city.  To  continue  those  pleasant  gather- 
ings, members  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  soon  after  his 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPUIA.         99 

death,  instituted  a  social  club,  and,  as  a  token  of  appreciation  of  his 
worth,  called  it  the  Wistar  Party.  Every  Saturday  evening  each 
member  of  the  club  in  turn  entertained  a  company  of  invited  guests, 
spreading  before  them  a  repast  of  such  solids  as  may  be  taken  with 
fork  or  spoon  without  the  aid  of  knife. 

Circumstances  connected  with  the  civil  war  brought  the  Wistar 
Party  to  an  end  in  1863,  or  1864.  Only  one  or  two  of  the  members 
at  that  time  have  survived  the  suspension.  The  places  of  the  de- 
ceased have  been  filled.  The  party  has  been  revived.  The  archives 
of  the  club,  and  the  old  copper-plate  from  which  the  notable  cards 
of  invitation  (illustrated  by  a  portrait  of  Dr.  Wistar)  were  printed, 
have  been  conveyed  to  it.  Dr.  Caspar  Wister,  a  kinsman  of  the 
eminent  professor,  gave  the  first  Wistar  Party  of  the  repaired  organi- 
zation on  Saturday  evening,  January  8,  1887  ;  and  so,  what  was  for 
very  many  years  a  prominent  feature  in  the  social  character  of 
Philadelphia,  has  been  restored,  and  is  likely  to  be  permanent. 

The  following  verses,  by  Dr.  George  Bensell,  of  Germantown,  ex- 
press the  general  sense  of  the  public  loss  at  the  time,  caused  by  the 
death  of  Dr.  Wistar  : 

Wistar  is  dead  !  his  gentle  spirit's  flown, 
In  blessed  trust,  to  happier  worlds  unknown  ; 
And  many  an  aching  heart  and  tearful  eye 
Give  the  sad  proof,  the  best  of  men  must  die. 
The  good,  the  wise,  the  multitude  deplore, 
The  virtues  that  they  loved  are  now  no  more. 
Thou,  Avho  from  others  oft  the  stroke  did  stay, 
While  Death  hung  o'er  his  seeming  destin'd  prey, 
Fate  turn'd  aside,  and  oh  !  could  no  one  save 
And  rescue  thee,  like  others,  from  the  grave ! 
Alas!  could  no  one  of  tlie  Healing  Art 
Save  from  the  tomb,  that  good,  that  generous  heart. 

While  genius,  learning,  wisdom  bow  the  head 
And  deeply  mourn  their  favorite,  Wistar,  dead. 

Under  instructions,  Drs,  Griffitts  and  Parrish  had  printed  a  hun- 
dred copies  of  the  by-laws  corrected  up  to  April  7,  1818. 

When  the  by-laws  were  first  printed,  1790,  the  College  consisted 
of  28  Fellows. 


100 


RUSCHENBERGEK, 


Thirty-one  years  after  its  foundation  only  18  names  are  on  the 
roll  of  Fellows : 


Thomas  Parke,  F., 
William  Currie,  F., 
Samuel  Powel  Griffitts,  F., 
Thomas  T.  Hewson, 
Thomas  C.  James, 
Joseph  Parrish, 
Michael  Leib, 
Plunket  F.  Glentworth, 
Adam  Seybert, 


Nathaniel  Chapman, 
Henry  Neill, 
Samuel  Stewart, 
Edwin  A.  Atlee, 
Wm.  P.  C.  Barton, 
Isaac  Cleaver, 
John  Moore, 
Samuel  C.  Hopkins, 
John  W.  Moore. 


Seven  Associates: 
James  Tilton, 
David  Hosack, 
Samuel  Bard, 


John  R.  B.  Rodgers, 
Lewis  Jones  Jardine, 
William  Boys, 
Joseph  P.  Minnick. 


Between  Jan.  2,  1787,  and  April  7,  1818,  33  had  been  elected 
Fellows,  making,  with  the  24  founders,  an  aggregate  of  57.  Of 
these  32  had  died,  3  were  dropped,  and  4  Avere  placed  on  the  roll 
of  Associates. 

Of  11  Associates  elected  prior  to  1818,  1  had  become  a  Fellow, 
and  3  had  died,  leaving  7  on  the  list. 

A  list  of  all  deceased  Fellows  and  Associates  is  printed  with  the 
by-laws.^ 

The  entrance  fee  was  fifteen  dollars — reduced  to  ten  dollars, 
December  5,  1820 — and  the  annual  contribution  was  three  dollars. 
Provided  every  Fellow  was  punctual  in  the  payment  of  his  contribu- 
tion, the  yearly  income  of  the  College  was  fifty-four  dollars. 

July  7,  1818.  Thomas  Parke  was  elected  President ;  Samuel 
P.  Grifiitts,  Vice-President ;  William  Curi'ie,  Thomas  T.  Hewson, 
Plunket  F.  Glentworth,  and  Henry  Neill,  Censors;  Thomas  C. 
James,  Treasurer ;  and  Joseph  Parrish,  Secretary. 

*  Charter,  Constitution,  and  By-Laws  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Phila- 
delphia, 1818. 

Lewis  Libr.  Coll.  Phys.,  Med.  Tracts,  vol.  x.  No.  1383. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.     101 

The  active  interest  of  the  College  in  forming,  establishing,  and 
maintaining  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  renders  a 
somewhat  detailed  account  of  its  proceedings  in  this  connection 
appropriate. 

CONNECTION  OF  THE  COLLEGE  WITH  THE  PHARMACOPCEIA, 

Napoleon  the  Great,  in  1803,  ordered  to  be  prepared  the  Codex 
Medicamentarius  seu  Pharmaco'pceia  CralUca.  An  ordinance  of 
the  King  of  France,  August  8,  1816,  directed  it  to  be  printed  forth- 
with, and  every  apothecary  to  procure  a  copy  of  it  within  six  months 
of  the  date  of  its  publication,  and  prepare  his  medicines  according  to 
its  formulas,  under  a  penalty  of  500  francs.^ 

Long  before  that  work  was  begun  the  College  of  Physicians  of 
Philadelphia  endeavored  to  interest  the  medical  public  in  the  forma- 
tion of  a  pharmacopoeia  for  the  United  States. 

At  a  stated  meeting  of  the  College,  June  3,  1788,  John  Redman, 
John  Jones,  Adam  Kuhn,  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  Benjamin  Rush, 
Samuel  P.  Griffitts,  Caspar  Wistar,  and  James  Hutchinson  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  form  a  pharmacopoeia  for  the  use  of  the 
College.  As  a  result  of  their  discussion  of  the  subject  the  idea  of 
preparing  a  work  for  local  use  seems  to  have  been  abandoned. 

Nine  months  after  the  appointment  of  this  committee,  the  College 
ordered,  April  7,  1789,  a  copy  of  the  following  circular  to  be  sent 
"  to  the  most  respectable  medical  characters  in  the  United  States  :  " 

Sir  :  The  Physicians  of  this  city,  from  a  desire  of  extending 
medical  knowledge,  and  of  promoting  harmony  and  uniformity  in 
the  practice  of  physic,  have  associated  themselves  under  the  name  of 
the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia. 

With  a  view  to  render  their  institution  more  extensively  useful, 
they  have  resolved  to  address  the  most  respectable  medical  characters 
in  the  United  States,  intimating  their  Designs,  and  requesting  such 
information  as  may  be  most  conducive  to  carry  them  into  effect. 

One  of  the  Objects  of  the  College  has  been  that  of  forming  a 
Pharmacopoeia  adapted  to  the  present  state  of  medicine  in  America ; 

1  Eclectic  Repertory,  vol.  vii.  p.  267. 


102  RUSCHENBERGER, 

for  which  purpose  a  committee  of  their  members  has  been  some  time 
since  appointed,  who  have  made  some  progress  in  their  work. 

When  we  consider  the  great  number  of  publications  of  this  kind 
which  Europe  has  been,  and  is  annually  producing,  we  think  no 
doubt  can  arise  of  the  absolute  necessity  of  some  standard  amongst 
ourselves  to  prevent  that  uncertainty  and  irregularity  which  in  our 
present  situation  must  infallibly  attend  on  the  compositions  of  the 
Apothecary  and  the  prescription  of  the  Physician. 

And  as  we  wish  this  Work  may  be  accommodated  to  the  practice  of 
medicine  throughout  the  United  States,  and  that  every  useful  addi- 
tion may  be  made  to  former  publications,  we  request  that  you  will 
favor  us  with  your  sentiments  on  the  subject,  and  particularly  inform 
us  what  Native  American  Remedies  have  been  discovered  amongst 
you.  It  will  be  necessary  to  give  the  botanical  and  vernacular 
names  of  such  substances,  and  to  ascertain  their  virtues  with  most 
scrupulous  Precision. 

As  we  are  desirous  of  publishing  a  volume  of  Transactions  as 
often  as  materials  are  afforded,  we  shall  be  much  obliged  to  you  for 
whatever  Communications  you  may  favor  us  with  on  medical  subjects. 

Although  we  particularly  address  those  Physicians  who  are  best 
known  to  us,  yet  as  there  must  be  many  others,  men  of  learning  and 
rank  in  the  Profession,  the  knowledge  of  whom  has  not  yet  reached 
this  place  from  the  want  of  that  intercourse  which  would  be  so  desir- 
able and  useful  to  the  Advancement  of  Medical  Science,  we  wish 
that  you  would  communicate  to  them  our  intentions  and  that  they 
would  excuse  this  unavoidable  omission,  and  furnish  us  with  their 
assistance  as  though  they  were  severally  addressed. 

Letters  and  communications  are  to  be  directed  to  the  President  or 

Secretary  of  the  College. 

Signed  by  order  of  the  College, 

JoHX  Redman,  President. 

Samuel  Powel  Griffitts,  Secretary. 

Philadelphia. 

One  hundred  copies  were  ordered  to  be  printed  and  the  Censors 
directed  to  forward  them  to  the  proper  persons. 

May  4,  1790.    A  letter  from  Dr.  James  Tilton,  President  of  the 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS   OF    PHILADELPHIA.     103 

Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  Delaware,  relating  to  the  Pharma- 
copoeia was  read. 

August  3,  1790.  A  letter,  July  18,  1790,  from  the  Medical 
Society  of  New  Haven,  addressed  to  the  President  of  the  College, 
Dr.  John  Redman,  was  read :  Substantially  that  the  Society  will  be 
happy,  if  in  its  power,  to  afford  the  smallest  assistance  to  the  laud- 
able design  of  forming  a  pharmacopoeia  adapted  to  the  present  state 
of  medicine  in  America.  The  letter  is  signed  by  the  committee 
of  correspondence,  Leverett  Hubbard,  Eneus  Munson,  Ebenezer 
Beardsly,  Ebnathan  Beech,  and  Samuel  Nesbett. 

The  subject  was  not  abandoned.  May  3,  1791,  Dr.  Benjamin  S. 
Barton  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  committee  on  the  pharma- 
copoeia. The  committee  reported  to  the  College  November  6,  and 
December  4,  1792;  and  January  1,  and  Api-il  2,  1793,  and  Avas 
continued.  Dr.  Thomas  Pai-ke  was  added  to  the  committee  Jan- 
uary, 1794. 

Drs.  Griflfitts,  Barton,  and  James  were  appointed  June  6,  1797, 
to  prepare  and  submit  to  the  College  a  statement  "  of  all  medicinal 
substances  and  pharmaceutical  processes  "  which  seem  proper  to  be 
included  in  the  intended  pharmacopoeia. 

It  is  not  doubted  that  leading  physicians  in  different  sections  of 
the  country  felt  the  need  of  a  pharmacopoeia,  and  that  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  College  in  this  connection  had  increased  their  interest  in 
the  subject,  and  led  the  way  to  the  formation  of  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  the  first 
of  the  kind  in  the  United  States,  was  published  in  Boston,  1808. 
It  was  fully  noticed  and  commended  for  its  accuracy.* 

A  printed  circular,  dated  New  York,  November  21,  1818,  and 
signed  by  David  Hosack,  John  R.  B.  Rogers,  Samuel  L.  Mitchell, 
John  Stearns,  John  Watts,  Jr.,  T.  Romeyn  Beck,  Lyman  Spalding, 
Wright  Post,  and  Alexander  H.  Stevens,  was  sent  by  Lyman  Spald- 
ing, secretary  of  the  committee,  to  Dr.  Joseph  Parrish,  Secretary  of 
the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  with  a  request  that  he 

1  The  Medical  Kepository.    Second  hexade,  vol.  5,  p.  396.     New  York,  1808. 


104  RUSCIIENBERGER, 

would  hand  it  to  the  President  that  it  might  be  laid  before  the  Col- 
lege at  its  next  meeting. 

The  plan  proposed — detailed  in  a  circular  issued  March  4,  1818 
— was  : 

1.  That  the  Pharmacopoeia  should  be  formed  by  and  under  the 
authority  of  the  several  incorporated  Medical  Societies,  the  several 
incorporated  Colleges  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  or  medical  schools, 
and  such  medical  schools  as  constitute  a  Faculty  in  any  university 
or  college  in  the  United  States;  and  in  case  there  should  be  any 
State  or  Territory  in  ^Wiich  there  was  no  incorporated  medical  society, 
medical  college,  or  school,  that  voluntary  associations  of  physicians 
and  surgeons  in  such  State  or  Territory  should  be  respectfully  invited 
to  unite  in  the  undertaking. 

2.  That  the  formation  of  a  pharmacopoeia  may  not  be  undertaken 
unless  it  should  receive  the  approbation  of  a  majority  of  the  afore- 
said institutions  in  the  United  States. 

3.  That  a  convention  should  be  held  in  each  of  the  four  grand 
divisions  of  the  United  States  to  be  composed  of  delegates  from  the 
medical  societies,  schools,  and  associations. 

4.  That  each  district  convention  should  form  a  pharmacopoeia,  or 
select  one  in  general  use,  and  make  therein  such  alterations  and 
additions  as  may  adapt  it  to  the  present  state  of  medical  science  ;  and 
elect  delegates  to  meet  in  general  convention  in  the  city  of  Washing- 
ton on  the  1st  of  January,  1820. 

5.  That  the  convention  should  form  the  national  work  from  the 
district-convention  pharmacopoeias. 

6.  That  each  district  convention  should  be  held  at  such  time  and 
place  as  may  be  agreed  upon  by  a  majority  of  the  aforesaid  institu- 
tions in  the  respective  districts. 

Dr.  Lyman  Spalding  devised  the  plan  just  described  and  sub- 
mitted it,  January,  1817,  to  the  New  York  County  Medical  Society.^ 

Feb.  2,  1819.  A  circular  was  received  from  the  Medical  Society 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  proposing  the  above  plan  for  the  forma- 

^  Eeport  on  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  all  Nations.  By  J  M.  Flint,  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  Navy.  In  the  Sanitary  and  Statistical  Eeport  of  the  Surgeon-General  of 
the  Navy  for  the  year  1881. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.      105 

tion  of  a  national  pharmacopoeia,  and  that  delegates  from  the  middle 
district  should  meet  in  Philadelphia,  June  1,  1819. 

The  plan  proposed  in  circulars,  dated  March  4  and  Nov.  21, 1818, 
from  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  New  York,  Avas  approved. 
Drs.  Parke,  Griffitts,  Hewson,  Jones,  Stewart,  Atlee,  and  Parrish 
were  appointed  delegates  from  the  College  to  meet  delegates  from 
other  societies,  June  1. 

The  chamber  of  the  College  was  offered  as  a  place  of  meeting. 

To  aid  the  preparation  of  the  work,  the  College  had  printed,  May, 
1819,  the  outline  of  a  pharmacopoeia.^ 

The  Convention  of  the  Middle  States  for  the  formation  of  a  Na- 
tional Pharmacopoeia  met  June  1,  1 819,  in  the  chamber  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia. 

The  following  named  delegates  were  present  : 

From  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia:  Drs.  Thomas 
Parke,  Samuel  P.  Griffitts,  Thomas  C.  James,  Thomas  T.  Hewson, 
Edwin  A.  Atlee,  Joseph  Parrish,  Samuel  Stewart. 

3Iedieal  Society  of  the  State  of  New  York:  Drs.  Samuel  L. 
Mitchell,  John  R.  B.  Rodgers,  John  Watts,  Jr.,  Lyman  Spalding, 
Alexander  H.  Stevens. 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  State  of  New  York : 
Drs.  Wm.  J.  Macneven,  John  W.  Francis. 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Western  District  of 
New  York:    Dr.  Lyman  Spalding. 

Neiv  Jersey  Medical  Society :  Drs.  Charles  Smith,  John  Van 
Cleve. 

The  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland:  Drs. 
Samuel  Baker,  Elisha  De  Butts. 

The  3Iedical  Society  of  Delaware  :    Dr.  Allen  McLane. 

3Iedical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia :  Drs.  Henry  Hunt, 
Thomas  Henderson. 

Dr.  Thomas  Parke  was  elected  President ;  Dr.  Samuel  L.  Mitchell, 
Vice-president ;  Lyman  Spalding  and  Samuel  Baker,  Secretaries  of 
the  Convention. 

1  Pharmacopoeia.  8vo.  pp.  40.  An  interleaved  copy,  presented  by  Dr.  Edwin 
A.  Atlee,  is  in  the  Library  of  the  College,  No.  3362. 


106  RUSCHENBERGER, 

Two  pharmacopoeias  in  outline  and  a  code  of  ethics  were  submitted 
to  the  convention  and  considered. 

Samuel  L.  Mitchell,  Alexander  H.  Stevens,  Lyman  Spalding, 
John  Watts,  Jr.,  of  New  York;  Thomas  Parke,  Thomas  T.  Hew- 
son,  of  Philadelphia;  Allen  McLane,  of  Wilmington,  Del. ;  Elisha  De 
Butts,  Samuel  Baker,  of  Baltimore;  and  Henry  Hunt,  of  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  were  appointed  to  represent  the  body  at  the  general  con- 
vention for  the  formation  of  a  pharmacopoeia,  to  meet  in  Washington, 
D.  C,  Jan.  1,  1820. 

The  convention  of  the  Middle  States  adjourned  sine  die,  June  4, 
1819. 

A  convention  of  delegates  from  societies  and  institutions  of  the 
eastern  disti-ict  of  the  United  States  met  in  Boston,  June  1,  1819. 

3Iedieal  Society  of  New  Hampshire:  Drs.  Reuben  D.  Mussey, 
Ebenezer  Learned,  Matthias  Spalding,  and  John  P.  Batchelder. 

Medical  Society  of  3Iassachusetts :  Drs.  John  C.  Warren,  John 
Goram,  Jacob  Bigelow,  James  Thacher,  and  George  C.  Shattuck. 

Medical  Society  of  Vermont:  Drs.  Erastus  Torrey,  and  Selah 
Gridley. 

Brown  University  in  Rliode  Island :  Dr.  William  Ingalls. 

Medical  Society  in  Rliode  Island:    Dr.  Solomon  Brown. 

Medical  Society  in  Connecticut :    Dr.  Eli  Ives. 

Dr.  Warren  was  chosen  Chairman,  and  Dr.  Bigelow  Secretary. 

The  delegates  from  Massachusetts  submitted  a  plan  of  pharmaco- 
poeia, which  was  referred  to  Drs.  Mussey,  Goram,  Torrey,  Ingalls, 
and  Ives  for  examination  and  amendment.  On  their  motion  the 
pharmacopoeia  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  as  now  revised, 
was  adopted  by  the  convention  to  be  presented  to  the  general  con- 
vention at  Washington,  D.  C,  Jan.  1,  1820. 

Drs.  Ives  and  Bigelow  were  chosen,  by  ballot,  to  represent  the 
eastern  district  in  the  general  convention. 

The  convention  adjourned  June  2,  sine  die. 

The  national  convention  for  forming  a  pharmacopoeia  met  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  Jan.  1,  1820,  and,  on  the  8th,  announced  that 
the  faculty,  by  a  spontaneous  effort,  and  without  public  summons 
or  compensation,  had  compiled  a  Codex  Medieamentarius,  or  Book 
of  Rules  and  Directions,  for  selecting  and  compounding  the  articles 


INSTITUTION  OF   COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.       107 

employed  in  practice.  The  whole  civilized  world  may  behold  a  great 
and  growing  nation,  speaking  a  similar  language,  possessing  the  same 
general  laws,  using  a  uniform  denomination  of  value,  and  conform- 
ing to  each  other  in  the  rules  of  preserving  health,  and  of  preparing 
remedies. 

A  committee  of  five  was  appointed  to  superintend  the  publication 
of  the  work  of  the  convention. 

Dr.  Samuel  L.  Mitchell  was  President,  and  Dr.  Thomas  T.  Hew- 
son  Secretary  of  the  convention,  which  ceased  January  8,  1820. 

February  1,  1820.  The  delegates  from  the  College  to  the  general 
convention  at  Washington  submitted  their  report. 

The  undersigned,  who  were  deputed  by  the  district  convention 
held  in  this  city,  in  the  month  of  June,  1819,  as  members  of  the 
College,  to  meet  the  delegates  in  the  general  convention  assembled 
in  Washington,  D.  C,  on  the  1st  of  January,  1820,  for  the  purpose 
of  forming  a  National  Pharmacopoeia,  have  the  honor  to  report: 

That  in  addition  to  the  prospectus  agreed  upon  in  the  convention 
of  the  middle  district,  the  delegates  from  the  northern  district  pre- 
sented a  regular  manuscript  pharmacopoeia.  After  a  mature  exami- 
nation of  the  list  of  simples,  preparations,  and  compounds  contained 
in  these  two  plans,  the  general  convention  agreed  upon  the  several 
articles  deemed  necessary  to  be  introduced  into  the  work  which  had 
been  confided  to  them. 

In  forming  the  materia  medica  list  some  difficulties  arose, 
occasioned  principally  by  the  multifarious  articles  presented,  whose 
virtues  were  not  generally  known,  though  according  to  reports,  made 
on  very  respectable  authority,  they  appeared  to  be  well  entitled  to  the 
attention  of  the  medical  practitioner. 

Wishing  not  to  exclude  articles  of  real  value,  as  not  yet  intro- 
duced into  general  practice,  desirous  at  the  same  time  of  not  over- 
loading the  catalogue  of  simples  to  be  kept  in  the  apothecary  shop 
as  essential  articles  of  the  materia  medica,  the  general  convention 
determined  on  forming  two  lists  according  to  the  circumstances  pred- 
icated above. 

In  the  arrangement  of  the  materia  medica  the  plan  proposed  in  the 
middle  district  convention  has  been  departed  from.  From  the  variety 
and  confused  character  of  the  synonymes  employed  to  designate  par- 


108  RUSCHENBERGER, 

ticular  articles  great  difficulties  presented,  to  obviate  -which  appeared 
to  be  an  object  of  primary  importance.  By  selecting  the  article  to 
be  employed  in  medicine,  and  giving  it  an  alphabetical  arrangement, 
according  to  the  most  approved  nomenclature,  in  the  leading  column, 
and  referring,  in  the  second  column,  to  such  authors  as  had  described 
the  sources  from  which  the  article  was  derived,  it  was  believed  that  a 
clear  and  scientific  list  of  the  materia  medica  would  be  found  accessi- 
ble to  the  common  apothecary,  at  the  same  time  aifording  that  degree 
of  precision  required  in  a  wide  extent  of  country  where  so  many  and 
discordant  denominations  prevail.  In  this  plan  a  preference  is  given 
to  the  writers  of  this  country  for  the  most  obvious  reason,  the  desire 
of  rendering  the  work  intelligible  to  every  American. 

The  list  of  preparations  and  compounds  is  pretty  nearly  what  was 
agreed  on  in  the  convention  of  the  middle  district.  Few  additions 
have  been  made,  and  where  several  preparations  of  nearly  the  same 
character  had  been  introduced,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  make  the 
selection  according  to  the  most  approved  formula,  so  that  the  list  has 
been  increased. 

A  committee  of  five  persons  has  been  appointed  to  arrange  and 
prepare  the  work  for  the  press,  who  will  be  glad  to  receive  aid  of 
those  who  take  an  interest  in  the  work. 

Thomas  Parke. 
Thomas  T.  Hewson. 

Philadelphia,  1st  February,  1820. 

February  1,  1820.  The  expenses  of  the  delegates  of  the  College 
to  the  general  convention,  ^119.33,  were  ordered  to  be  paid  ;  and. 
May  17,  those  of  Dr.  Hewson  Avhile  in  New  York  as  one  of  the 
publication  committee. 

The  College  was  admitted  to  be  entitled  to  a  share  of  the  copy- 
right of  the  Pharmacopoeia,  which  amounted  to  ^246. 

September  4,  1821.  Drs.  Samuel  P.  Griffitts,  Thomas  C.  James, 
and  Thomas  T.  Hewson,  who  had  been  appointed  for  the  purpose, 
August  7,  reported  that  they  had  carefully  revised  the  Pharmacopoeia, 
and  presented  a  list  of  suggested  alterations,  to  be  sent  to  the  publi- 
cation committee  to  aid  in  a  further  revision  of  the  work. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  general   convention  at  Washington, 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF   PHILADELPHIA.       109 

January,  1820,  it  was  determined  that  the  pharmacopoeia  should  be 
revised  every  ten  years,  and  to  this  end  the  President  of  it  was 
directed  to  notify  all  the  incorporated  State  medical  societies,  colleges, 
and  schools,  on  the  first  of  January,  1828,  to  elect  delegates  to  repre- 
sent them  in  the  general  convention  to  be  assembled  at  Washington, 
D.  C,  January,  1830. 

April  29,  1828.  A  printed  circular  from  the  President  of  the 
general  convention  of  January,  1820,  Dr.  Samuel  L.  Mitchell,  notify- 
ing the  institutions  concerned  that  each  is  authorized  to  elect  three  of 
its  members  to  represent  it  in  the  convention  to  meet  in  Washington, 
January  1,  1830,  and  requesting  that  the  names  of  the  delegates 
chosen  be  sent  to  him  before  April  1,  1829,  was  presented  by  Dr. 
Hewson.^ 

Drs.  Hewson,  Joseph  Hartshorne,  and  George  B.  Wood,  Avere 
appointed  to  examine  the  national  pharmacopoeia,  and,  before  the 
election  of  delegates  to  the  convention  is  held,  report  any  amend- 
ments, corrections,  and  additions,  which  they  may  deem  advisable. 

January  27,  1829.  On  motion  of  Dr.  Hewson,  the  Secretary  was 
directed  to  send  to  each  Fellow  a  copy  of  a  resolution  that  the  mem- 

1  "Writ  for  the  Medical  Convention  of  1830." 

"  "Whereas,  the  Convention  that  was  held  at  the  city  of  "Washington  in  the 
month  of  January,  1820,  for  forming  a  Pharmacopoeia  for  our  United  States  of 
America  did  resolve  that  the  President  of  that  Convention  should,  on  the  first 
day  of  January,  1828,  issue  writs  of  election  to  the  several  incorporated  State 
Medical  Societies  in  the  Northern,  Middle,  Southern,  and  Western  districts  of 
the  Nation,  requiring  them  to  ballot  for  three  delegates  to  a  General  Convention 
to  be  held  at  Washington,  on  the  first  day  of  January,  1830,  for  the  purpose  of 
revising  the  American  Pharmacopoeia  ;  and  whereas,  the  several  institutions,  as 
aforesaid,  are  by  the  same  authority  requested  to  forward  to  the  President  on 
or  before  the  first  day  of  April,  1829,  the  names  of  the  three  persons  chosen; 
with  sundry  other  provisions  contained  in  the  historical  introduction  to  the  work, 
to  whicli  the  reader  is  referred. 

"Now,  therefore,  I,  Samuel  L.  Mitchell,  give  notice  to  all  the  incorporated 
Medical  Societies,  Colleges  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Medical  Schools,  and 
Faculties  of  Universities,  Colleges,  and  all  other  authorized  bodies  that  they 
choose  proper  persons  to  represent  them  in  the  General  Convention  to  be  held 
in  January,  1830,  for  revising  the  Pharmacopoeia. 

"  Given  under  my  hand,  this  first  day  of  January,  1828,  at  the  city  of  New 

York. 

Samuel  L.  Mitchell,  President.'^ 


110  RUSCHENBERGER, 

bers  be  requested  to  furnish  the  committee  on  the  pharmacopoeia  a 
statement  of  their  observation  or  experience  in  connection  with  articles 
of  materia  medica  not  in  the  national  pharmacopoeia,  and  sugges- 
tions for  its  improvement. 

Dr.  Bache  was  added  to  the  committee. 

June  30,  1829.  The  committee  on  the  pharmacopoeia  was  author- 
ized to  employ  Mr.  D.  B.  Smith,  at  the  expense  of  the  College,  to 
make  some  experiments  for  the  use  of  the  committee. 

November  24,  1829.  The  committee  presented  a  final  report,  of 
which  the  concluding  paragraph  is  as  follows :  "  The  critical  exami- 
nation of  formulas  and  processes,  the  collating  of  authorities,  both 
chemical  and  pharmaceutical,  and  the  discussions  incident  to  their 
inquiries,  have  imposed  on  your  committee  the  necessity  of  holding 
not  less  than  one  hundred  meetings,  have  protracted  their  labors 
beyond  what  was  anticipated,  and  have  prevented  them  from  making 
an  earlier  report." 

Drs.  George  B.  Wood  and  Franklin  Bache  were  appointed  dele- 
gates to  represent  the  College  in  the  general  convention  of  January 
1,  1830,  and  their  expenses  were  directed  to  be  paid. 

January  26,  1830.  They  reported  in  substance  that  very  few  of 
the  delegates  were  in  Washington  on  Friday,  January  1st,  the  day 
appointed  for  the  meeting  of  the  convention,  and,  therefore,  organiza- 
tion was  deferred  until  Monday,  January  4th.  Those  then  present 
were  Drs.  Lewis  Condict  and  Isaac  Pearson,  from  the  Medical  Society 
of  the  State  of  New  Jersey ;  Dr.  John  L.  Morris,  from  the  Medical 
Society  of  Delaware ;  Dr.  James  H.  Miller,  from  the  Medico-Chi- 
rurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland ;  Drs.  Thomas  Henderson  and  N.  W. 
Worthington,  from  Columbia  College,  D.  C. ;  and  Di's.  Wood  and 
Bache,  from  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia :  eight  in  all. 

Dr.  Lewis  Condict  was  elected  President,  and  Dr.  Thomas  Hender- 
son, Secretary. 

Believing  that  the  number  of  delegates  present  was  inadequate  to 
impart  to  the  action  of  the  convention  the  authority  and  influence 
requisite  to  secure  the  object  in  view,  it  was  determined  to  invite  the 
assistance  of  all  congressmen  present  who  were  also  members  of  the 
profession,  as  well  as  of  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army,  and  the 
Senior  Surgeon  of  the  Navy. 


INSTITUTION    OF  COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.       Ill 

January  5th.  Surgeon-General  Joseph  Lovell,  Dr.  Nathan  Gaither, 
of  Kentucky,  and  Dr.  G.  E.  Mitchell,  of  Maryland,  members  of 
Congress,  joined  the  convention. 

The  revised  draft  of  a  pharmacopoeia  from  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians of  Philadelphia  was  presented,  and  referred  to  a  committee  of 
five,  including  the  delegates  from  the  College. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  devise  a  method  for  assembling  the 
next  convention. 

January  6th.  The  convention  met  in  one  of  the  rooms  of  the  Capitol, 
occupied  by  the  Columbian  Institute.  Dr.  Samuel  Swan,  member  of 
Congress  from  New  Jersey,  and  Dr.  Bailey  Washington,  Surgeon  U. 
S.  Navy,  took  their  seats. 

January  7th.  The  committee  to  wdiich  it  had  been  referred,  re- 
ported that  in  its  opinion,  "  the  draft  of  pharmacopoeia  presented  by 
the  Philadelphia  delegates  was  decidedly  superior  to  the  original  work, 
and  should  be  adopted  as  the  basis  of  the  new  edition,"  and  recom- 
mended that  it  should  be  referred  to  a  committee  composed  of  mem- 
bers from  each  of  the  large  cities  of  the  Union,  authorized,  after 
diligent  examination,  to  amend  or  alter,  and  then  publish  it,  as  the 
National  Pharmacopoeia.  The  appointment  of  members  of  the  com- 
mittee was  not  restricted  to  the  delegates  present.  They  were  selected 
on  account  of  their  supposed  interest  in  the  subject,  which  was 
infeiTed  from  their  connection  with  the  convention  of  1820.  The 
committee  consisted  of  Dr.  Thomas  T.  Hewson,  chairman,  and  two 
members  from  each  of  these  cities:  Philadelphia,  New  York,  Boston, 
Baltimore,  Washington,  D.  C,  Charleston,  S.  C,  Lexington,  Ky., 
and  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

A  copy  of  the  draft  of  the  pharmacopoeia  was  to  be  furnished  to 
the  members  of  each  city,  which,  after  due  consideration,  was  to  be 
returned  with  amendments  suggested  to  the  chairman,  who  will  notify 
all  the  members  to  meet  in  Philadelphia  at  any  time  he  may,  at  his 
discretion,  determine. 

At  this  meeting  the  proposed  amendments  will  be  adopted  or 
rejected  after  due  discussion. 

The  chairman  was  authorized  to  fill  vacancies  in  the  committee, 
with  the  consent  of  the  President  and  Secretary  of  the  convention. 


1 1  2  RUSCIIENBERGER, 

The  method  of  assembling  the  National  Convention  of  1840 
requires  the  President  to  notify  the  institutions  concerned,  through 
the  medical  journals,  January  1,  1839,  to  elect  delegates,  and  report 
their  names  to  him  immediately  after  their  election.  The  names 
reported  are  to  be  published  by  him,  October,  1839,  in  the  medical 
journals,  with  a  request  that  these  delegates  meet  in  convention  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  on  the  first  Monday  in  January,  1840.^ 

When  the  reading  of  the  report,  summarized  above,  was  concluded, 
the  College  voted  its  thanks  to  the  delegates  for  their  services,  and 
authorized  Drs.  Hewson,  Wood,  and  Bache,  to  have  a  copy  of  the 
draft  of  the  pharmacopoeia  made  for  each  city  named,  at  tlie  expense 
of  the  College. 

The  founding  and  publishing  of  this  very  important  work  is  ascrib- 
able  very  largely,  if  not  exclusively,  to  the  enterprise  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia.  It  was  the  only  institution  represented 
in  the  very  slenderly  attended  national  convention  that  presented  a 
draft  of  a  pharmacopoeia.  Without  it  there  would  have  been  no  basis 
for  the  revision  of  the  work  by  this  convention. 

General  interest  in  the  subject  seems  to  have  flagged  after  the 
publication  of  the  pharmacopoeia  of  1820.  No  medical  institution 
of  New  England  or  New  York  sent  delegates  to  the  National  Con- 
vention of  1830.  Dr.  Samuel  L.  Mitchell,  of  New  York,  the  presi- 
dent, did  not  appear  at  the  meetings. 

An  explanation  may  be  interesting  at  this  time. 

An  attempt  was  made,  either  designedly  or  through  misunder- 
standing, to  forestall  the  national  convention,  and  so  supersede  its 
work. 

The  prescribed  method  of  constituting  a  convention  to  meet 
January  1,  1830,  was  that  the  president  should,  on  the  first  of 
January,  1828,  "  issue  writs  of  election  to  the  several  incorporated 

*  The  gentlemen  appointed  on  the  committee  were  Dr.  Thomas  T.  Hewson 
chairman  ;  Drs.  Jacob  Bigelow  and  .John  W.  Webster,  for  Boston;  Alexander 
H.  Stevens  and  John  "Watts,  for  New  York  ;  George  B.  Wood  and  Franklin 
Bache,  for  Philadelphia;  Samuel  Baker  and  Elisha  De  Butts,  for  Baltimore; 
Thomas  Henderson  and  N.  W.  Worlhington,  for  Washington;  John  K.  Tres- 
cott  and  James  Moultrie,  for  Charleston,  S  C.  ;  W.  H.  Kichardson  and  R.  W. 
Dudley,  for  Lexington,  Ky. ;  John  Morehead  and  Charles  E.  Pierson,  for  Cin- 
cinnati. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE   OF   PHYSICIANS   OF    PHILADELPHIA,       113 

State  medical  societies,  etc.,  in  the  northern  district,  requiring 
them  to  ballot  for  three  delegates  to  a  general  convention  to  be  held 
at  Washington  on  the  first  of  January,  1830,  for  the  purpose  of 
revising  the  American  pharmacopoeia ;  and  that  these  several  institu- 
tions be  requested  to  forward  to  the  president,  on  or  before  the  first 
day  of  April,  1829,  the  names  of  three  persons  thus  designated  by 
ballot ;  and  the  president  of  the  convention  is  hereby  requested,  on 
the  said  day,  to  assort  and  count  the  said  votes,  and  to  notify  the 
three  persons  who  shall  have  the  greatest  number  of  votes  of  their 
election ;  and  in  case  there  should  not  be  three  persons  who  have  a 
greater  number  of  votes  than  others,  then  the  said  president  is  desired 
to  put  a  ballot  into  the  box  for  each  of  tliose  persons  who  have  an 
equal  number  of  votes,  and  draw  therefrom  such  number  of  ballots 
as  shall  make  the  number  of  delegates  three,  and  notify  as  before." 
This  method  to  be  applicable  alike  to  the  middle,  southern,  and 
western  districts. 

The  prescription  for  constituting  the  second  convention  was  con- 
strued to  mean  that  it  was  limited  to  twelve  members,  three  repre- 
senting each  of  the  four  districts — that  the  institutions  of  the  districts 
were  not  severally  authorized  to  representation,  and  that  the  president, 
Dr.  Mitchell,  the  sole  judge  of  the  district  election,  was  to  receive 
and  count  the  ballots  cast  in  each. 

Proceeding  in  accordance  with  this  view.  Dr.  Mitchell  decided 
that  Drs.  Eli  Ives,  of  New  Haven,  Jacob  Bigelow,  of  Boston,  and 
Daniel  Oliver,  of  Hanover,  had  been  elected  delegates  from  the 
Northern  District,  and  Dr.  James  McNaughton,  of  Albany,  John 
B.  Beck  and  A.  W.  Ives,  of  New  York,  delegates  for  the  Middle 
District. 

These  six  delegates  and  the  president  regarded  themselves  to  be 
the  duly  constituted  National  Convention  for  revising  the  pharma- 
copoeia ;  and  by  mutual  consent,  previously  ascertained,  they  met  in 
New  York,  Jan.  1,  1830,  "for  the  sake  of  convenience,"  instead  of 
proceeding  to  Washington. 

They  resolved  "  to  prepare  and  publish  an  improved  edition"  of 
the  pharmacopoeia,  and,  for  the  purpose,  to  meet  again  on  the  first 
Wednesday  of  June,  1830,  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons,  in   New  York.     By  means  of  a   circular,   they  invited  the 


114  RUSCHENBERQER, 

medical  societies  and  institutions  not  represented  to  send  a  delegate  to 
this  convention  of  seven  to  assist  in  the  revision.  On  the  second  day 
of  June  ten  delegates  were  present — five  from  New  York,  two  from 
Yale,  one  from  South  Carolina,  one  from  Ohio,  and  one  from  Berkshire. 

They  issued  a  volume  entitled — The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States  of  Ayneriea.  By  the  Authority  of  '^G-eneral  Convention  for 
the  formation  of  the  American  Pharmacoj^oeia,"  held  in  1830. 
Second  edition :  from  the  first  edition,  published  in  1820,  with 
additions  and  corrections.  S.  Converse,  Keiv  York,  November, 
1830." 

A  reviewer  says  that  book-agents  were  employed  to  sell  it  to  the 
apothecaries  of  different  towns,  going  from  shop  to  shop  chanting  its 
worth.  Nevertheless,  the  spurious  work  Was  not  largely  sold.  The 
authors  of  it  were  disappointed.  Their  work  did  not  earn  for  them 
a  character  for  eminently  precise  learning,  or  very  scrupulous  dealing.^ 
No  one  seems  to  have  supposed  that  they  were  ignorant  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  National  Convention  at  Washington.  Be  that  as  it 
may,  no  conclusive  reasons  are  now  apparent  to  justify  their  course 
in  the  premises. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  of  America.  By  Au- 
thority of  the  National  Medical  Convention,  held  at  Washington, 
A.D.  1830.  John  G-rigg,  Philadelphia,  1831,  Avas  published  early 
in  the  year,  and  was  well  received  by  the  profession.^  Its  New  Y'ork 
counterfeit  lost  the  little  circulation  it  may  have  had  when  first 
uttered. 

In  July,  1831,  Drs.  Wood  and  Bache  announced  that  they  would 
publish  a  Dispensatory  of  the  United  States,  designed  especially  to 
illustrate  the  pharmacopoeia.  It  was  issued  in  January,  1833.  The 
fifteenth  edition  appeared  in  March,  1883.  This  excellent  work 
helped  to  give  currency  to  the  first,  as  well  as  to  the  subsequent 
decennial  revisions  of  the  Pharmacopoeia. 

July  2,  1839,  the  College,  in  compliance  with  due  notice,  elected 
Drs.  George  B.  Wood,  Franklin  Bache,  and  Henry  Bond  delegates 

1  The  North  American  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  vol.  xi.,  January,  1831, 
pp.  178-200. 

2  Ibid.,  April,  1831,  pp.  441-455. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF   PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.       115 

to  the  National  Medical  Convention  for  the  revision  of  the  pharma- 
copoeia. Subsequently  Dr.  Wood,  having  been  appointed  to  represent 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  resigned,  and  Dr.  Joseph  Carson 
was  elected  in  his  place. 

December  24,  1839.  Drs.  Thomas  T.  Hewson,  George  B.  Wood, 
and  Franklin  Bache,  who  had  been  a  committee  to  revise  the  phar- 
macopoeia of  1830,  reported,  in  substance,  that  they  had  begun  work 
toward  the  close  of  May  and  up  to  date  had  given  close  attention  to 
it.  meeting  usually  three  times  a  week.  Availing  themselves  of  per- 
mission granted  by  the  College  they  had  engaged  the  assistance  of 
practical  pharmacists,  William  Hodgson,  Jr.,  and  William  Proctor, 
Jr.  They  had  noted  in  an  interleaved  copy  of  the  first  decennial 
revision  of  the  pharmacopoeia  the  amendments  which  they  proposed, 
and  pre];)ared  also  explanatory  notes  on  the  alterations  recommended, 
combined  with  the  reports  of  Messrs.  Hodgson  and  Proctor  on  par- 
ticular processes,  which,  should  the  report  be  adopted,  may  be  useful 
to  the  delegates  by  enabling  them  to  understand  the  aims  of  the 
committee. 

March  3,  1840.  The  report  of  the  delegates,  dated  January  20, 
was  presented.  Substantially,  that  they  had  assisted  in  the  organi- 
zation of  the  National  Medical  Convention  at  Washington,  Jan.  1, 
1840,  and  besides  themselves  were  present :  Theophilus  Dunn,  of 
the  Rhode  Island  Medical  Society ;  Lewis  Condict,  of  the  New 
Jersey  Medical  Society ;  G.  B.  Wood,  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania;  Robley  Dunglison,  from  the  Jefferson  Medical 
College ;  Wm.  W.  Morris  and  James  Couper,  from  the  Delaware 
Medical  Society ;  John  R.  W.  Dunbar,  John  C.  S.  Monkur,  and 
Edward  Foreman,  from  the  Washington  University,  Baltimore ; 
Joshua  J.  Cohen,  from  the  Medico-Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland  ;  » 
Thomas  Sewall  and  N.  W.  Worthington,  from  the  3Iedical  Society  of 
the  District  of  Columbia  ;  Thomas  Miller,  Harvey  Lindsley,  and  John 
M.  Thomas,  from  Columbia  College,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  John  W. 
Davis,  from  the  Yincennes  Medical  Society,  Indiana;  and  William 
Bacon  Stevens'  from  the  Georgia  Medical  Society,  twenty  in  all.  It 
is  notable — in   connection  with  the   proceedings  of  1830 — that  no 

^  Bishop  of  Pennsylvania  from  January  2,  1862. 


116  RUSCHENBERGER, 

delegates   from    Massachusetts,    Connecticut,    or   New   York   were 
present. 

Dr.  Condict  was  elected  President,  Dr.  Wood,  Vice-President, 
Dr.  Worthington,  Secretary,  and  Dr.  Harvey  Lindsley,  Assistant 
Secretary.  The  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army  and  the  Senior 
Surgeon  of  the  Navy  were  invited  to  participate  in  the  proceedings. 

Again  the  only  papers  submitted  to  the  Convention  were  from  the 
College.  They  were  referred  to  a  committee  (Bache,  Davis,  Stevens, 
Cohen,  and  Dunn)  to  report  a  plan  of  revision  and  publication. 

The  communication  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  all  com- 
munications thereafter  received  were  referred  to  the  committee  of 
revision  and  publication,  consisting  of  seven  (Wood,  Bache,  Dungli- 
son,  Cohen,  Dunn,  Stevens,  and  Sewall)  of  which  three  were  a  quorum. 
The  committee,  which  was  to  meet  in  Philadelphia  at  the  call  of  the 
chairman,  was  authorized  to  request  the  cooperation  of  the  Colleges 
of  Pharmacy  of  the  United  States,  to  fill  vacancies,  to  publish  the 
revision  and  take  whatever  measures  necessary  to  accomplish  the 
object  of  this  convention.  The  committee  was  directed  to  report,  on 
the  conclusion  of  its  labors,  its  proceedings  to  the  Secretary  of  this 
Convention,  to  be  laid  by  him  before  the  next  one. 

The  time  of  meeting  of  the  National  Medical  Convention  was 
changed  from  January  to  ^lay,  because  the  difficulty  of  winter  travel 
prevented  many  delegates  from  being  present. 

The  President  was  instructed  to  notify  all  institutions  concerned. 
May  1,  1849,  to  elect  three  delegates  to  attend  the  National  Medical 
Convention  on  the  first  Monday  of  May,  1850,  and  request  each 
body  to  make  a  careful  revision  of  the  pharmacopoeia  and  report  the 
result  to  the  meeting.  He  was  also  to  request  medical  and  pharma- 
ceutical institutions  to  send  the  names  of  their  delegates  to  him  as 
soon  as  elected  that  they  may  be  published  in  the  medical  journals 
and  newspapers  in  February  or  March,  of  1850. 

The  College  voted  its  thanks  to  Drs.  Bache,  Bond,  and  Carson, 
for  their  services,  and  ordered  their  expenses,  in  all  $112.47,  to  be 
paid. 

The  committee  of  revision  held  its  first  meeting  February  10, 
1840.     Their  work  was  published  in  Philadelphia  in  1842. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF   PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.       117 

As  stated  already,  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia 
assisted  to  create  and  form  the  pharmacopoeia  published  in  1820.  In 
the  manner  described,  the  College  contributed  the  result  of  careful 
reviews  of  the  work  in  aid  of  the  revisions  made  under  the  authority 
of  the  National  Medical  Conventions  of  1830,  '40,  '50,  '60,  '70,  and 
'80.  Except  the  sixth,  all  the  revisions  of  the  pharmacopoeia  were 
prepared  and  published  in  Philadelphia. 

The  convention  of  1850  consisted  of  thirty  members  present,  of 
whom  five  were  the  first  delegates  ever  admitted  from  colleges  of 
pharmacy.  Of  the  seventy-nine  delegates  present  in  the  convention 
of  1880,  twenty-one — little  more  than  a  fourth — were  from  pharma- 
ceutical institutions.  Of  these  thirteen  were  appointed  on  the  com- 
mittee of  revision  and  publication,  consisting  of  twenty-five  members. 
It  was  instructed  to  award  the  publication  to  the  publishing  house 
offering  the  best  terms.  In  the  execution  of  this  instruction  there 
was  disagreement.  The  work  was  issued  in  New  York,  1882,  by 
publishers  whose  bid,  in  the  opinion  of  many,  was  the  least  eligible  of 
all  the  bids  made.  Had  the  best  terms  offered  been  accepted,  the 
publication  would  have  continued  in  Philadelphia. 

The  value  of  the  labors  and  incidental  expenses  of  the  College  in 
aiding  to  establish  and  foster  the  pharmacopoeia  through  many  years — 
more  than  a  half  century,  is  measurable  by  the  degree  of  importance 
accorded  to  the  work.  It  is  for  the  common  benefit  of  the  people. 
This  fiict  is  a  very  cogent  if  not  conclusive  reason  why  it  should  be 
hereafter  maintained  under  the  authority  and  at  the  expense  of  the 
United  States,  and  cease  to  be  among  the  charitable  cares  of  local 
medical  institutions.  Pharmacopoeias  of  European  States  are  com- 
piled and  published  at  national  expense,  under  authority  of  each 
government. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  is  not  the  only  work  for  the  common  welfare 
to  which  the  College  has  given  efficient  help.  It  has  always  been 
ready  to  aid  in  the  preservation  of  the  public  health,  and  in  the  pro- 
motion of  investigations  likely  to  benefit  it,  directly  or  indirectly. 

The  desire  to  print  the  Transactions  of  the  College  was  manifested 
at  long  intervals.  Drs.  J.  W.  Moore  and  Otto  were  appointed  Feb- 
ruary 1,  1820,  to  assist  the  censors  in  selecting  those  papers  in 
possession  of  the  College  which  they  might  consider  suitable  for  pub- 


118  RUSCHENBERGER, 

lication.     The  poverty  of  the  Society  at  the  time  made  such  occu- 
pation premature. 

The  College  consented,  August  1, 1820,  to  examine  such  essays  as 
might  be  submitted  for  prize  medals  offered  by  the  Humane  Society 
for  the  best  two  dissertations  on  Suspended  Animation  from  Submer- 
sion, and  express  its  opinion  of  the  comparative  merits  of  the  essays. 

December  5,  1820.  The  entrance  fee  to  the  College  was  reduced  to 
ten  dollars. 

The  following,  addressed  to  the  President  of  the  College,  was  read: 

The  Select  and  Common  Councils  at  their  last  meeting  appointed 
a  joint  committee  "to  inquire  into  the  facts  connected  with  the  ap- 
pearance and  prevalence  of  malignant  or  pestilential  disease  during 
the  past  summer  and  present  autumn,  and  report  those  means  they 
may  deem  best  adapted  to  prevent  its  recurrence  or  to  check  its  prog- 
ress." That  Committee  respectfully  invites  the  College  of  Physicians, 
the  Academy  of  Medicine,  the  Board  of  Health,  the  Lazaretto  phy- 
sician, the  Port  physician  and  others,  to  communicate  answers  to  the 
following  questions,  directing  to  No.  225  Spruce  Street. 
By  order  of  the  joint  Committee, 

John  R.  C gates.  Chairman. 
November  29,  1820. 

1st.  Had  you  an  opportunity  of  observing  any  cases  of  malignant 
fever  in  Philadelphia  in  the  months  of  July,  August,  September,  and 
October,  1820  ? 

2d.  In  those  districts  which,  according  to  your  experience,  were 
most  affected  by  disease,  what  peculiar  causes  were  discovered  which 
did  not  exist  in  other  parts  of  the  city  ? 

3d.  Did  the  disease  abate  in  any  considerable  degree  before  the 
appearance  of  frost  ? 

4th.  AVhat  means  should  be  adopted  with  a  view  of  preventing  the 
recui'rence,  or  of  checking  the  progress  of  malignant  autumnal  fever 
in  this  city  ? 

Drs.  Hewson,  Griffitts,  and  Emlen  were  appointed  to  prepare 
answers. 

At  a  special  meeting,  Dec.  20th,  they  submitted  a  report  which  was 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF   PHYSICIANS   OF   PHILADELPHIA.       119 

ordered  to  be  transmitted  to  the  chairman  of  the  joint  committee  of 
the  Select  and  Common  Council  of  the  city,  as  follows : 

The  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia  have  deliberately  con- 
sidered the  questions  proposed  by  you  on  the  29th  of  November  last, 
and  have  directed  the  following  replies  thereto  to  be  communicated 
to  you : 

1st.  Most  of  the  members  of  the  College  had  an  opportunity  of 
observing  cases  of  malignant  fever  in  Philadelphia,  in  the  months  of 
July,  August,  September,  and  October  last.  The  type  was  as  ma- 
lignant as  we  have  ever  known  it.  Those  persons  who  remained  in 
the  infected  district,  after  being  taken  sick,  seldom  recovered.  Reme- 
dies did  not  appear  to  have  the  usual  effects  in  these  cases. 

2d.  The  Board  of  Health,  from  their  more  correct  knowledge  of 
the  facts,  are  best  qualified  to  give  satisfactory  answers  to  these 
particulars. 

3d.  The  disease,  though  malignant,  was  partial.  It  gave  way  in 
appearance  to  frost,  but  not  in  that  striking  manner  which  had 
occurred  in  years  when  it  was  more  widely  spread. 

4th.  During  the  months  of  June,  July,  August,  and  September 
every  vessel  from  the  coast  of  Africa,  West  Indies,  and  Continent  of 
America  to  the  southward  of  Cape  Fear,  should  undergo  a  strict 
search  and  perform  an  effectual  quarantine.  This  proceeding  should 
take  place  during  the  whole  year  with  respect  to  vessels  from  the 
Mediterranean. 

To  prevent  the  spreading  of  malignant  fever  amongst  us,  the 
Board  of  Health  should  have  full  power  to  remove  vessels  and  per- 
sons, and  prevent  communication  with  infected  places ;  also,  to  have 
infected  houses  and  bedding  thoroughly  cleansed.  And,  lastly,  we 
would  advise  strict  attention  to  the  means  for  producing  cleanliness 
and  free  ventilation,  especially  in  those  parts  of  the  city  near  the 
Delaware,  where  the  malignant  fever  has  always  made  its  first 
appearance. 

This  cannot  be  done  whilst  Water  Street  continues  in  its  present 
confined  situation,  with  the  accumulated  filth  of  many  years,  and, 
for  the  most  part,  without  privies.  We,  therefore,  strongly  recom- 
mend the  prosecution  of  the  plan  now  in  contemplation  for  removing 
the  whole  of  the  buildings  from  the  east  side  of  Front  St.,  inclusive, 


120  RUSCHENBERGER, 

to  the  river,  beginning  at  Vine  and  ending  at  South  St.,  according 
to  the  original  plan  of  "William  Penn,  the  wise  and  intelligent  founder 
of  our  city.^ 

April  3,  1821.  The  College  was  pressed  for  its  rent,  which  had 
not  been  paid  during  more  than  four  years.  A  committee  appointed 
for  the  purpose,  reported  that  it  had  borrowed  $250,  for  ninety  days? 
at  the  usual  rate  of  bank  discount.  The  arrears  of  rent,  $228.33, 
were  paid. 

July  3d.  The  note  was  due.  Its  payment,  as  far  as  the  condition 
of  the  treasury  would  allow,  was  ordered ;  and  the  treasurer  reported, 
Aug.  7,  that  he  had  paid  $150  on  account  of  the  note,  and  had  a 
balance  of  §27.87  in  the  treasury. 

Feb.  5,  1822.    The  rent  for  the  preceding  year,  $20,  was  paid. 
July  2d,  the  treasury  had  been  overdrawn  $6.66. 

July  3,  1823.  Bills  for  fuel  and  rent,  and  balance  of  the  note, 
with  interest,  $110,  had  been  paid,  leaving  the  College  still  in  debt 
to  the  treasurer,  $18.62. 

These  records  of  financial  deficiency  should  not  be  forgotten. 

April  6,  1824.  Drs.  Neill,  James,  Parrish,  Hewson,  and  Otto 
were  appointed  to  prepare  a  fee  bill,  which  was  considered  at  subse- 
quent meetings  and  adopted  Nov.  2d. 

June  1st.  A  proposition  to  reduce  the  entrance  fee  from  ten  to  five 
dollars  was  ordered  to  lie  over  for  three  months. 

Oct.  5th.  It  was  proposed  that  the  meetings  of  the  College  during 
the  winter  season  should  be  at  seven  o'clock  p.m. 

Nov.  2d.  Dr.  Joseph  Parrish  stated  to  the  College  that  John  Zim- 
merman, a  prisoner  at  Orwigsburg,  Schuylkill  Co.,  Pa.,  was  to  be 

^  A  detailed  history  of  this  fever  may  be  found  in  "An  Account  of  the  Yellow 
or  Malignant  Fever  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  summer  and  autumn  of 
1820,  with  some  observations  on  that  disease.  Kead  before  the  Academy  of 
Medicine.  By  Samuel  Jackson,  M.D.,  President  of  the  Board  of  Health." 
Published  in  the  Philadelphia  Journal  of  the  Medical  and  Physical  Sciences, 
vol.  1,  1820,  and  vol.  2,  1821. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF   PHILADELPHIA.       121 

executed  on  the  30th  instant,  for  the  murder  of  his  daughter,  and 
that  there  were  strong  reasons  for  believing  that  he  was  insane  when 
he  committed  the  crime  and  is  still. 

Drs.  Griffitts,  James,  Otto,  and  Parrish  were  instructed  to  ascer- 
tain the  facts  of  the  case,  and,  if  deemed  expedient,  to  request  a 
special  meeting  of  the  College. 

Nov.  9th.  Special  meeting.  The  committee  confirmed  Dr.  Par- 
rish's  report,  and  submitted  a  memorial  which  was  adopted,  as  follows  : 

To  John  Anthony  Shultz,  Govej-nor  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  in  conformity  with  the 
nature  of  their  institution  and  of  their  practice  in  important  cases, 
respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  Chief  Magistrate  of  the  Com- 
monwealth to  a  subject  which  is  deeply  interesting  to  humanity  and 
to  civil  society. 

We  have  learned  from  the  public  papers  that  John  Zimmerman  is 
now  in  the  prison  of  Orwigsburg,  Schuylkill  Co.,  Pa.,  under  sentence 
of  death  for  murder  of  the  first  degree,  and  that  the  30th  of  the 
present  month  is  the  day  appointed  for  his  execution.  From  infor- 
mation received  by  members  of  the  College,  there  appear  to  them 
sufficient  grounds  to  conclude  that  the  murder  was  committed  by  said 
Zimmerman  in  a  state  of  insanity. 

We  have  ascertained  that  the  prisoner's  mother  was  for  many 
years  aflHicted  with  mental  derangement,  and  that  two  of  his  sisters 
have  been,  for  some  time,  also  insane. 

The  illness  of  the  prisoner's  daughter  at  the  time  he  destroyed 
her,  Avith  the  unremitting  attention  he  is  said  to  have  paid  her  during 
her  sickness,  subjected  him  to  tlie  combined  operation  of  great  bodily 
fatigue  and  mental  anxiety,  which  were  causes  especially  calculated 
to  produce  a  malady,  to  which  it  would  appear  he  possessed  a  very 
strong  hereditary  predisposition. 

Medical  men,  whose  opportunities  for  acquiring  information  in 
mental  diseases  are  most  extensive,  are  fully  aware  of  the  difficulty 
of  arriving  speedily  at  correct  judgment  in  some  cases  of  most  decided 
insanity,  for  it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  maniacs  who  are  neces- 
sarily placed  under  confinement,  from  a  regard  to  the  safety  of  the 


122  RUSCIIENBERGER, 

community,  will  often  display  astonishing  acuteness  and  system  in 
accomplishing  plans  that  are  founded  on  the  most  inconsistent  and 
irrational  premises. 

Under  these  views,  and  deeply  impressed  with  the  awfulness  of 
consigning  to  death  a  fellow-man,  who,  if  insane,  ^annot  be  regarded 
as  accountable  for  his  actions,  we  do,  as  Christians  and  citizens  of 
Pennsylvania,  most  respectfully  and  earnestly  entreat  that  the  Gov- 
ernor will  cause  to  be  delayed  the  execution  of  the  sentence  of  death 
on  the  prisoner  Zimmerman  until  his  real  condition  can  be  satis- 
factorily ascertained. 

Jan.  22,  1825.  The  Governor  replied  to  the  memorial,  Jan.  17, 
that  he  had  respited  the  execution  of  the  unfortunate  Zimmerman 
from  time  to  time,  and  caused  his  mental  condition  to  be  examined 
by  three  respectable  neighboring  physicians,  Avho  do  not  agree  in 
opinion ;  and  now,  under  the  circumstances,  he  felt  it  to  be  his  duty 
to  respite  him  till  March  30th.  He  requested  that  the  College 
would  appoint  some  of  its  members  to  visit  the  unfortunate  Zim- 
merman. 

The  committee  to  which  the  Governor's  letter  was  referred,  re- 
quested, in  a  communication  adopted  by  the  College,  Feb.  1st,  to  be 
furnislied  with  the  notes  of  evidence  taken  by  the  presiding  judge  at 
Zimmerman's  trial,  previous  to  visiting  the  prisoner.  The  Governor 
could  not  comply  with  the  request,  because  he  had  not  possession  of 
the  notes  of  testimony  asked. 

The  Fellows  selected  to  visit  Zimmerman  plead  the  inconvenience 
of  leaving  their  business  in  the  city  during  the  prevalence  of  an 
epidemic  influenza,  and  were  excused.  In  their  places,  Drs.  Parke, 
James,  Otto,  J.  Wilson  Moore,  and  Parrish,  or  any  two  of  them, 
were  appointed,  and  instructed,  March  26,  1825,  to  go  to  Orwigs- 
burg,  and,  armed  with  the  Governor's  commission,  examine  Zim- 
merman. 

April  5th.  They  reported  that  they  reached  Orwigsburg  in  the 
evenino;  of  March  28th,  and  remained  until  the  morning  of  the  30th. 
Within  that  time  they  had  four  interviews  with  Zimmerman,  heard 
the  testimony  of  the  sheriff  and  his  deputies,  and  carefully  considered 
the  judge's  notes  of  evidence  taken  at  the  trial.  The  result  of  this 
investigation,  they  said,  "leaves  not  a  doubt  in  our  minds  that  for 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE   OF    PHYSICIANS   OF    PHILADELPHIA.       123 

several  days  previous  to  the  death  of  Rosina  Zimmerman,  up  to  the 
period  Avhen  the  prisoner  came  under  our  observation,  he,  the  said 
John  Zimmerman,  has  been  afflicted  with  insanity." 

Thos.  Parke, 
Jos.  Parrish, 
John  W.  Moore. 

April  2,  1826. 

An  authenticated  copy  of  this  report  was  sent  to  the  Governor. 
Zimmerman's  sentence  was  not  executed.  The  intervention  of  the 
College  in  this  case  cost  the  Society  $50.25,  travelling  expenses  of 
the  committee. 

Nov.  2,  1824.  The  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy  represented 
that  there  was  reason  to  believe  that  some  practitioners  received  a 
royalty  on  prescriptions,  as  a  consideration  for  sending  them  to  certain 
apothecaries,  and  asked  the  College  of  Physicians  to  aid  in  extin- 
guishing the  evil  practice. 

The  subject  was  referred  to  a  committee,  and  after  receiving  its 
report,  the  College  of  Physicians  assured  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy,  Dec.  7th,  that  none  of  its  Fellows  had  ever  degraded  him- 
self by  such  collusion,  and  hoped  that  the  College  of  Pharmacy  may 
be  able  to  restrain  its  members  from  such  improper  conduct.  At 
the  same  time  attention  was  invited  to  those  apothecaries  who  habit- 
ually prescribe  for  those  who  neglect  to  apply  for  proper  medical 
advice. 

March  1, 1825.  The  College  of  Pharmacy  appointed  a  committee — 
Messrs.  D.  B.  Smith,  Henry  Troth,  and  Peter  Lehman — to  confer 
with  committees  constituted  by  the  medical  profession  on  "  the  most 
advisable  means  of  discountenancing  and  checking  the  evil." 

The  College  of  Physicians  considered  its  participation  in  the  pro- 
posed action  inexpedient,  because  it  would  be  "  assuming  authority 
over  the  members  of  another  association,"  and,  therefore,  declined 
the  conference,  and  at  the  same  time  expressed  its  opinion  that  the 
laudable  efforts  of  the  College  of  Pharmacy  to  check  the  improper 
practice  of  medicine  by  apothecaries  would  be  effectual. 

As  long  as  there  are  medical  practitioners  and  apothecaries  whose 
conduct  is  not  controlled  by  professional  ethics  or  rules  of  honor, 
irregularities  and  vicious  practices  of  the  kind  just  referred  to  will 


124  RUSCHENBERGER, 

continue  to   exist,  and  measures  to   repress   them  will   be   always 
required, 

June  G,  1826.  The  secretary  Avas  directed  to  record  "  the  death 
of  our  much  respected  vice-president,"  who  died  May  12th,  in  his 
sixty-seventh  year, 

NOTICE  OF  DR,  SAMUEL  POWEL  GRIFFITTS, 

Samuel  Powel  Griffitts,  the  third  and  last  child  of  William  Griffitts 
and  his  wife  Abigail  Powel,  who  were  members  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  July  21,  1759, 

He  was  educated  at  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  studied  medicine 
under  Dr.  Adam  Kuhn,  and  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Medicine  from  the  University  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  July, 
1781, 

He  went  to  Paris  the  same  year,  and  spent  some  time  there  attend- 
ing lectures  and  visiting  the  hospitals.  In  the  fall  of  1782,  he  re- 
paired to  Montpellier ;  and  at  the  Medical  School  there,  which  was 
tlien  famous,  he  followed  a  course  of  lectures.  He  devoted  a  part  of 
the  spring  and  early  summer  to  visiting  various  places  on  the  conti- 
nent, and  reached  London  in  June,  1783,  In  the  autumn  he  went 
to  Edinburgh  and  returned  to  London  in  the  spring  of  1784,  After 
an  absence  of  three  years,  diligently  employed  in  observation  and 
study,  he  returned  to  Philadelphia  m  the  autumn  of  the  same  year. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society, 
January,  1785,  and  was  one  of  its  Council  1791-97. 

In  1786  he  took  an  active  part  in  founding  the  Philadelphia  Dis- 
pensary. Many  ascribe  this  work  to  his  exertions  alone.  But  in 
a  short  manuscript  found  among  his  papers  Dr.  Griffitts  gives  the 
credit  to  another.  He  says :  "  In  the  spring  of  1785,  Dr.  Henry 
Moves,  who  was  then  in  Philadelphia  giving  a  course  of  lectures 
upon  natural  philosophy,  proposed  to  some  persons  of  his  acquaintance 
there,  the  instituting  a  public  dispensary  for  the  medical  relief  of 
the  poor,  much  on  the  same  plan  as  those  of  London  and  other  large 
cities  of  Great  Britain.  The  Doctor  drew  up  the  plan  thereof, 
assisted  by  S.  Powel  ;  but  on  account  of  his  short  stay  in  Philadel- 
phia, delayed  making  any  further  progress  in  the  business,  except 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF   PHILADELPHIA.       125 

talking  of  it  amongst  his  friends,  and  desiring  me  to  keep  it  in  mind, 
and  to  look  out  for  a  proper  house.  On  the  i-etui-n  of  the  Doctor  to 
the  city,  the  subject  was  revived ;  and  after  several  conversations 
between  Dr.  Moyes,  S.  PoAvel,  Drs.  Rush,  Hall,  Morris,  and  him- 
self, a  plan  was  agreed  upon  by  them,  and  the  institution  organized. 
The  first  meeting  of  the  managers  and  physicians  was  held  at  the 
City  Tavern,  February  10,  1786,  when  it  was  resolved,  as  the  first 
step,  that  the  managers  and  physicians  should  collect  subscriptions. 
At  the  next  meeting,  February  24th,  they  reported  320  subscribers. 

Dr.  Griffitts  was  a  manager,  and  for  seven  years  an  attending 
physician  of  the  institution.  During  forty  years,  wdth  very  few 
exceptions,  he  was  a  daily  visitor  at  the  Dispensary.  To  meet  the 
demands  of  the  poor  for  medical  relief,  caused  by  a  large  increase  of 
population,  a  dispensary  was  established  in  Southwark  and  one  in 
the  Northern  Liberties  in  1816.  In  the  foundation  of  these  addi- 
tional charities  he  w'as  probably  no  less  actively  interested  than  he 
had  been,  thirty  years  before,  in  instituting  the  first ;  so  that,  as 
Dr.  Emerson  says,  "  he  may  be  fairly  considered  as  the  father  of  the 
dispensaries  of  his  native  city." 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Humane  Society  from  1786,  and  joined 
the  Pennsylvania  Society  for  Promoting  the  Abolition  of  Slavery, 
which  was  chartered  in  1789. 

He  married  Mary,  a  daughter  of  William  Fishbourne,  in  1787, 
who,  with  their  six  children  survived  him. 

He  w^as  appointed  professor  of  materia  medica  in  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1792,  and  resigned  the  office  after  four  years' 
service,  1796. 

During  the  prevalence  of  yellow  fever  in  1793,  '97,  '98,  '99,  1802 
and  1805,  his  services  were  conspicuous.  "  He  stood  in  the  midst  of 
the  desolation,  and,  regardless  of  personal  danger,  was  solely  intent 
upon  extending  relief  to  his  suffering  fellow-citizens." 

When  the  French  refugees  from  St.  Domingo,  who  escaped  from 
the  successful  insurrection  there  in  1793,  arrived  in  Philadelphia, 
destitute  of  all  but  their  lives,  they  found  Dr.  Griffitts  to  be  their 
efficient  friend.  He  spoke  their  language  fluently.  He  was  very 
active  in  procuring  money  and  means  and  applying  them  to  relieve 
the   necessities   of   the   sufferers.     In  a  short   time  $12,000  were 


126  RUSCHENBERGER, 

collected  from  our  citizens  for  their  use,  a  large  part  of  which  was 
confided  to  Dr.  Griffitts  for  distribution  among  them. 

When  the  Philadelphia  yearly  meeting  of  the  Society  of  Friends, 
in  1811,  proposed  to  make  suitable  provision  for  the  care  of  such 
of  its  members  as  were  deprived  of  their  reason.  Dr.  Griffitts 
eagerly  enlisted  himself  in  the  cause.  The  subject  had  been  on  his 
mind  many  years.  As  soon  as  the  Society  had  determined  that  an 
institution  should  be  founded  and  placed  under  the  direction  of  the 
contributing  members  of  the  Philadelphia  yearly  meeting,  he  drew 
up  the  plan  and  took  a  most  active  part  in  all  the  duties  connected 
with  the  erection  of  the  buildings  and  arrangements  for  the  reception 
of  patients.  His  labor  contributed  largely  to  the  institution  of  the 
Friends'  Asylum,  near  Frankford. 

Dr.  Griffitts  Avas  an  early  riser,  and  always  began  the  day  by 
reading  some  part  of  the  New  Testament  in  Greek  or  Latin.  "  Im- 
pressed Avith  a  deep  sense  of  the  paramount  obligations  of  religion, 
he  was  seldom  known  to  be  absent  from  the  meetings  of  worship  or 
business  of  his  society."  All  his  conduct  Avas  characterized  by 
punctuality. 

"  The  private  worth  and  domestic  virtues  of  Dr.  Griffitts  will 
forever  endear  his  memory  to  his  family,  and  to  all  Avho  kneAv  him 
intimately.  As  a  friend,  he  was  kind,  sincere,  and  obliging ;  as  a 
husband  attentive  and  affectionate :  as  a  father  fond  and  indulgent. 
His  piety  was  founded  on  the  Christian  dispensation,  as  inculcated 
in  the  precepts,  and  maintained  in  practice  by  the  religious  Society 
of  Friends." 

July  4,  1826.  Thomas  C.  James  Avas  elected  Vice-President  of 
the  College,  in  place  of  Dr.  Griffitts  deceased. 

May  1,  1827.  A  resolution,  introduced  at  a  previous  meeting, 
was  adopted  that  each  member,  in  turn,  beginning  at  the  head  of 
the  list,  shall,  at  each  stated  meeting,  read  an  original  or  selected 
paper  which  shall  be  the  subject  of  discussion  ;  and  that  "  every 
person  failing  to  perform  the  duty  shall  pay  the  sum  of  one  dollar." 

Dr.  Parke  read  the  first  paper.  On  the  Use  of  Cold  and  Warm 
Bathing^  July  3d.  At  each  subsequent  meeting  during  many  years 
a  paper  Avas  read.      To  create  and  foster  a  custom  of  presenting 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF  PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.      127 

contributions  of  the  kind,  in  spite  of  lack  of  means  to  publish  the 
Transactions,  it  was  resolved,  January  29,  1828,  that  the  author  of 
any  paper  read  before  the  College  might  publish  it  in  the  North 
American  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal.  October  24, 1829,  when 
it  was  his  turn  to  read  a  paper,  Dr.  Parke  excused  himself,  and  paid 
the  fine,  one  dollar.^ 

September  4,  1827.  The  stated  meetings  of  the  Society  were 
up  to  this  time  held  in  the  afternoon.  It  was  resolved,  the  propo- 
sition having  bdbn  submitted  March  6,  1827,  that  the  hour  of  meet- 
ing in  future  be  at  seven  o'clock  p.m.  from  October  until  March, 
and  at  eight  o'clock  p.m.  from  April  till  September. 

A  motion,  made  October  2d,  that  the  stated  meetings  be  held  on 
the  last  Tuesday  in  each  month,  was  adopted  December  4,  1827. 

At  this  meeting  Drs.  Neill,  Meigs,  Ruan,  Mitchell,  and  Hodge 
submitted  a  proposition  that  the  number  of  fellows  of  the  College 
shall  not  exceed  forty.  It  was  considered  January  29,  1828,  and 
postponed. 

In  consequence  of  the  change  in  the  time  of  meeting,  the  bill  for 
rent  included  a  charge  of  $6  a  year  for  candles. 

July  29,  1828.  The  death  of  Dr.  William  Currie,  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  College,  who  died  June  13th,  is  recorded. 

NOTICE    OF    DR.  WILLIAM    CURRIE. 

William  Currie,  a  son  of  an  Episcopal  clergyman,  who  was  a 
native  of  Scotland,  was  born  in  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  1754. 
It  was  designed  that  William  should  become  a  clergyman.  With 
this  view  his  education  was  directed.  Under  the  instruction  of  his 
father  and  competent  teachers,  he  acquired  thorough  knowledge  of 
Latin  and  Greek,  and  a  superficial  knowledge  of  the  Hebrew  lan- 
guages. 

It  is  stated  that  at  an  early  age  he  had  imbibed  opinions  in  conflict 
with  those  inculcated  by  the  Thirty-nine  Articles,  and  for  this  reason 
he  was  not  willing  to  become  a  public  teacher  in  the  Church.     He 

1  The  treasurer  reported,  November  26,  ]83:>,  that  the  fines  paid  up  to  date 
amounted  to  §17. 


128  RUSCHENBERGER, 

preferred  the  medical  profession,  and  was  apprenticed  to  Dr.  Kearsley. 
After  the  close  of  his  apprenticeship  he  attended  the  medical  lectures 
of  the  College  of  Philadelphia.  No  diploma  Avas  conferred  upon  him. 
Whether  he  obtained  from  the  professors  (as  his  contemporary  and 
fellow  constituent  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  Benjamin  Duffield, 
did,  because  no  commencement  Avas  held  in  1774)  certificates  that  he 
had  attended  their  lectures  has  not  been  ascertained.  It  is  certain, 
however,  that  he  did  not  write  M.B.  or  M.D.  after  his  name  on  the 
title-page  of  any  one  of  the  several  books  and  pamphlets  which  he 
published. 

He  entered  the  American  Army  as  a  surgeon  early  in  the  revolu- 
tionary conflict.  In  1776  he  was  attached  to  the  military  hospital 
on  Long  Island,  and  subsequently  at  Amboy. 

His  father  was  a  tory,  and  viewed  the  resistance  of  the  colonies 
to  the  authority  of  the  mother  country  as  highly  improper.  He 
earnestly  endeavored  to  dissuade  his  son  from  entering  the  army, 
and  promised,  if  he  had  determined  to  engage  in  military  service,  to 
use  his  influence  to  obtain  for  him  a  surgeon's  commission  in  an 
Eno-lish  regiment.  Young  Currie  was  inflexible.  He  conceived  it 
to  be  his  duty  to  prefer  the  service  of  his  country,  in  spite  of  the 
toil,  danger,  and  privations  incident  to  it,  rather  than  that  of  its 
oppressors  with  all  its  advantages  then  seemingly  in  prospect. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  began  to  practise  medicine  in  the  town 
of  Chester,  and  soon  afterward  married. 

The  Philadelphia  Directory  for  1785  records  his  residence  at  the 
corner  of  Second  and  Pine  Streets. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society 
July,  1792,  and  contributed  to  the  Transactions,  vol.  iv.,  a  paper 
On  the  Insalubrity  of  Flat  and  3Iarshy  Situations  ;  and  Directions 
for  Preventing  or  Correcting  the  Effects  thereof. 

For  many  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Health,  and 
senior  physician  of  the  Magdalen  x\sylum. 

His  first  wife  having  been  dead  some  time,  he  married,  1793,  the 
widow  of  Dr.  Busch.  They  had  one  son  and  three  daughters.  The  son 
and  one  daughter  survived  their  parents.  The  death  of  Mrs.  Currie, 
in  1816,  made  upon  him  a  profound  and  lasting  impression.  From 
that  time  it  is  stated  that  his  mental  vigor  gradually  abated,  but  he 


INSTITUTION   OF   COLLEGE    OF   PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.       129 

addressed  a  bright  communication,  December  6,  1820/  to  the  joint 
committee  of  the  City  Councils  on  the  yellow  fever  of  that  year. 
He  became  hopelessly  childish  later,  and  so  continued  till  his  death 
in  1828. 

Dr.  Currie  was  well  acquainted  with  medical  literature,  and  was 
highly  estimated  by  cotemporary  physicians.  He  was  a  successful 
practitioner,  and  amassed  considerable  wealth.  He  Avas  always, 
however,  extremely  plain  in  his  dress  and  manners,  and  strictly 
temperate  in  all  things.  To  the  deserving  poor  he  freely  gave  his 
professional  services,  and,  in  cases  of  need,  money  also. 

"  In  private  life,  Dr.  Currie  presented  a  truly  amiable  disposition. 
It  must  be  acknowledged  that  in  the  warmth  of  conversation  his  love 
for  satire  would  lead  him  occasionally  to  place  in  a  ludicrous  light 
the  foibles  of  his  professional  opponents,  but  for  this  he  in  some 
measure  compensated  by  always  giving  them  full  credit  for  whatever 
talents  or  estimable  qualities  they  might  possess.  Throughout  life 
he  observed  a  stern  integrity,  which  would  never  permit  him  to  do 
injustice  knowingly  even  to  the  character  of  an  enemy." 

Though  he  did  not  assent  to  the  doctrines  of  the  trinity  and  of 
eternal  punishment,  he  was  a  member  and  constant  attendant  of 
the  Episcopal  Church.  He  was  an  attentive  student  of  the  Bible. 
Before  retiring  to  rest  at  night  he  habitually  read  a  chapter  in  the 
Greek  or  English  Testament,  and  so  manifested  his  spirit  of  religious 
devotion. 

June  30,  1829.   The  censors  reported  the  balance  in  the  treasury 

$109.42. 

Jan.  31,  1832.  The  college  appointed  Drs.  Otto,  Bache,  and 
Wood,  to  confer  with  a  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  on  the  means  of  introducing  the  Pharmacopoeia  into 
general  use.  As  the  result  of  the  conference  the  original  of  the 
following  paper  was  ordered,  March  27th,  to  be  preserved  in  the 
archives,  and  a  copy  of  it  to  be  sent  to  the  College  of  Pharmacy. 

1  Report  of  the  Joint  Committee  of  Cour.cils,  relative  to  the  Malijjnant  or 
Pestilential  Disease  of  the  Summer  and  Autumn  of  1820,  in  the  City  of  Phila- 
delphia.    Philadelphia,  1821. 

9 


130 


RUSCHENBERGER, 


The  undersigned  members  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Phila- 
delphia, convinced  of  the  importance  of  having  a  uniform  standard 
for  the  preparation  of  medicines,  and  believing  the  Pharmacopoeia 
prepared  by  the  National  Medical  Convention  of  1820,  and  revised 
by  that  which  met  at  Washington  in  January,  1830,  to  be  the  best 
adapted  to  meet  this  object,  do  hereby  recognize  the  authority  of  the 
same,  and  agree  to  use  their  influence  with  the  apothecaries  to  pro- 
cure the  adoption  of  its  formulae  in  the  shops. 


Thomas  Parke, 
Thomas  C.  James, 
John  C.  Otto, 
Joseph  Parrish, 
Joseph  Hartshorne, 
Thomas  T.  Hewson, 
Henry  Neill, 
J.  Wilson  Moore, 
Charles  D.  Meigs, 


N.  Chapman, 
Henry  Bond, 
Hugh  L.  Hodge, 
Franklin  Bache, 
George  B.  Wood, 
William  Darrach, 
Charles  Lukens, 
B.  H.  Coates, 
John  Ruan, 


John  Moore, 
J.  K.  Mitchell, 
John  Bell, 
R.  M.  Huston, 
George  Fox, 
R.  La  Roche, 
J.  P.  Gebhard, 
Thos.  H.  Ritchie, 
Joseph  Togno. 


April  12.  The  Board  of  Health  requested  the  college  to  ap- 
point a  committee  "to  institute  an  impartial  examination  into  all 
the  facts  in  relation  to  the  epidemic  cholera,  and  to  report  in  detail 
the  result  of  the  investigation  for  the  benefit  and  satisfaction  of  the 
unprofessional  as  well  as  of  the  medical  part  of  the  community." 

Drs.  Thos.  C.  James,  T.  T.  Hewson,  H.  L.  Hodge,  John  Bell, 
C.  D.  Meigs,  B.  H.  Coates,  and  R.  La  Roche,  were  appointed  in 
accordance  with  the  request,  which  was  amended  and  adopted  May 
31st,  and  sent  to  the  Board  of  Health. 

May  28,  1833.  In  accordance  with  instruction,  the  secretary 
reported  that  he  had  prepared  lists  of  all  the  fellows  and  associates 
elected  since  the  origin  of  the  society.  He  was  directed  to  have 
blank  leaves  inserted  in  the  first  volume  of  minutes,  and  record 
upon  them  the  names,  with  a  note  of  loss  by  death,  resignation,  and 
forfeiture  of  membership,  according  to  his  plan. 

Nov.  26.  The  balance  in  the  treasury  was  $308.42.  The  treas- 
urer and  secretary  were  directed  to  invest  the  surplus  in  some  pro- 
ductive stock.     They  reported,  Dec.  31st,  that  they  had  purchased 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS   OF   PHILADELPHIA.       181 


of  the  six  per  cent.  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal  loan  for 
$298.76.  This  is  the  first  indication  of  financial  ease  noted  on  the 
minutes  in  forty-six  years. 

The  By-laws  being  out  of  print,  they  were  referred,  June  25, 
1833,  to  Drs.  Bond,  Bache,  and  Hodge,  to  examine  and  report 
"  Avhether  it  is  expedient  to  make  any  alterations  in  them."  They 
suggested  amendments  in  September.  The  by-laws  were  considered 
at  the  subsequent  meetings,  section  by  section,  and  unanimously 
adopted.  May  27,  1834.  They  were  printed,  with  a  list  of  the 
fellows,^  250  copies,  and  each  fellow  supplied  with  one  July  1st. 

Notable  changes  were  made.  The  charter  superseded  the  consti- 
tution. The  by-laws  were  made  to  conform  to  its  provisions.  The 
number  of  associates  was  limited  to  forty,  ten  of  whom  should  be 
foreign.  Candidates  for  fellowship,  instead  of  applying  for  admis- 
sion, were  to  be  proposed  by  three  fellows,  and  balloted  for  at  the 
next  or  subsequent  meeting.  The  entrance  fee  was  fixed  at  ten, 
and  the  annual  contribution  at  three  dollars. 

The  stated  meetings  were  to  be  held  on  the  first  Tuesday  of 
every  month ;  from  October  to  March  at  7,  and  from  April  to  Sep- 
tember at  8  o'clock  P.M. 

The  by-laws  provided,  besides  a  committee  of  three  fellows  on  the 
library,  standing  committees,  1,  on  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine ;  2,  on  Surgery  ;  3,  on  Midwifery  ;  4,  on  Diseases  of  Children  ; 
5,  on  Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacy ;  6,  on  Meteorology  and  Epi- 
demics ;  7,  on  Public  Hygiene.  It  was  a  duty  of  the  president  and 
vice-president,  at  the  stated  meeting  in  August  of  every  year,  to 
assign  the  fellows  to  one  or  other  of  these  committees.  Each  com- 
mittee was  required  to  submit  an  annual  report  at  stated  times. 

Each  paper  intended  for  the  Transactions  was  to  be  referred  to  a 
special  committee. 

The  duties  of  the  committee  on  the  library  were  to  purchase 
books,  take  care  of  the  library,  as  well  as  of  all  papers  confided  to  it 
by  the  college,  and  cause  them  to  be  published  under  its  direction. 

^  Included  in  vol.  iii.  Summary  of  Transactions  of  College  of  Physicians, 
1849-50,  printed  1834.     Number  of  Fellows  then  31. 


132  RUSCHENBERGER, 

Feb.  3,  1835.  Dr.  Parrish  announced  the  death  of  the  president, 
Dr.  Thomas  Parke,  the  last  survivor  of  the  founders  of  the  college, 
who  died  January  9th,  in  the  86th  year  of  his  age. 

NOTICE  OF  DR.  THOMAS  PARKE. 

His  biographer,  Dr.  Joseph  Parrish,  said,  June  7,  1836  :  "  I  have 
often  listened  with  delight  to  conversations  in  this  room  [hall  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society]  many  years  ago,  and  from  aged 
lips  have  heard  many  interesting  facts  and  anecdotes  they  derived 
from  those  who  were  old  when  they  were  young.  I  might  enume- 
rate the  venerable  Kuhn,  Duffield,  Parke — and  of  lesser  age — 
Wistar,  Griffitts,  Glentworth,  etc.  These,  with  many  more,  may  be 
remembered  as  links  in  that  chain  which  connects  us  with  an  honor- 
able generation  that  has  now  passed  away." 

Thomas  Parke,  the  fourth  president,  and  the  last  one  who  was  a 
founder  of  the  college,  was  born  in  Chester  County,  Pa.,  August  6, 
1749,  0.  S.  He  became  a  pupil  of  Robert  Proud,  then,  1765,  a  cele- 
brated classical  teacher  in  this  city.  He  studied  medicine  during 
three  years,  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Cadwalader  Evans.  The 
College  of  Philadelphia  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Medicine,  June  5,  1770.  He  seems  to  have  been  always  content 
with  this.  At  that  period  as  much,  and  perhaps  considerably  more, 
study  and  preparation  were  necessary  to  obtain  that  degree  than 
have  been  requisite  since  to  secure,  from  some  of  our  many  com- 
peting institutions,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine. 

He  went  to  London  in  1771,  attended  the  clinical  practice  of 
Guv's  and  St.  Thomas's  Hospitals,  heard  a  course  of  lectures  at 
Edinburgh,  and  returned  to  Philadelphia  in  1773.  He  at  once 
began  to  practise  in  partnership  with  Dr.  Evans,  his  former  master. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society, 
Jan.  21,  1774,  and  was  one  of  the  curators,  1795-96. 

He  married,  April,  1775,  Rachel,  eldest  daughter  of  James  Pem- 
berton,  Avho  died  in  1786,  leaving  a  daughter  and  two  sons.  They 
survived  their  father,  Avho  remained  a  widower,  and,  during  his  long 
life  and  declining  years,  were  pleased  to  minister,  in  the  most  affec- 
tionate manner,  by  day  and  by  night,  to  his  happiness  and  comfort. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF   PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.       133 

Their  filial  devotion  was  most  loving  and  exemplary ;  it  is  cited  as 
conclusive  evidence  of  the  excellence  of  their  father's  nature. 

Dr.  Parke  was  elected  one  of  the  physicians  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  in  1777,  and  served  till  1823 — a  term  of  4:0^j  years. 
None  was  more  faithfully  assiduous  in  attention  to  his  duty. 

His  abilities  were  mai-ked  more  by  solidity  than  brilliance  ;  more 
by  plain  common  sense  than  by  flights  of  genius.  In  his  intercourse 
with  his  professional  brethren,  his  deportment  was  always  dignified 
and  courteous.  Dr.  Parrish  says,  "  He  was  truly  a  peacemaker, 
and  as  such  was  blessed  with  the  respect  and  kind  feeling  of  his 
medical  associates.  Amidst  all  the  collisions  which  may  have  agi- 
tated our  community  he  held  the  even  tenor  of  his  way,  main- 
taining his  own  opinions  without  unfriendly  collision  with  others. 

"  In  the  memorable  and  deeply  to  be  deplored  controversy  about 
the  contagion  and  non-contagion  of  yellow  fever,  he  has  told  me 
how  he  labored,  in  the  early  stage,  to  preserve  harmony  in  the  pro- 
fession by  personal  and  friendly  eff'orts  extended  to  prominent  and 
estimable  characters  who  held  conflicting  opinions.  He  saw,  as  he 
expressed  it,  the  small  spark ;  but  he  was  unable  to  extinguish  it 
and  prevent  the  conflagration.  Still  such  was  the  discretion  which 
marked  his  course,  so  convinced  were  all  parties  of  the  purity  of  his 
motives  that  he  retained  their  universal  esteem. 

"  In  the  discharge  of  his  duty  to  his  patients  and  the  community 
at  large  he  was  faithful  and  intrepid.  No  circumstances  of  personal 
danger,  of  privation,  or  fatigue  would  induce  him  to  abandon  his 
post  during  those  awful  epidemics  of  yellow  fever  which  have  con- 
signed so  many  thousands  of  our  citizens  to  the  grave. 

"  Nothing  could  move  him  ;  and  although  in  the  year  1793,  in 
common  with  many  of  his  professional  brethren,  he  was  laid  pros- 
trate by  the  disease,  not  a  few  of  whom  fell  victims  to  its  violence, 
yet  he  rose  from  his  attack  to  renew  his  best  efforts  to  stay  the 
progress  of  the  destroyer.  Noble,  indeed,  is  such  an  example,  and 
worthy  to  be  followed. 

"  He  was  always  alive  to  the  active  duties  of  his  profession,  and 
the  calls  of  humanity,  even  in  advanced  age. 

"  For  some  years  previously  to  his  death  I  attended  him  through 


134  RUSCHENBERGER, 

several  severe  attacks  of  illness ;  one,  a  remittent  fever  then  preva- 
lent through  all  parts  of  our  country. 

"  His  fine  and  vigorous  constitution  rose  above  these  depressing 
causes,  and  he  still  continued  his  usual  avocations.  He  always 
visited  his  patients  oh  foot,  and  in  this  respect  was  similar  to  Drs. 
Kuhn  and  Griffitts." 

Feeling  unable  to  discharge  his  duties  in  the  college,  owing  to 
his  advanced  age  and  declinino-  health.  Dr.  Parke  resigned  his 
fellowship  Nov.  30,  1830.  Drs.  Otto  and  Parrish  were  instructed 
to  request  him  to  withdraw  his  resignation,  and  assure  him  that  the 
college  excused  him  from  involuntary  attendance.  At  the  meeting 
of  Dec.  28th  he  occupied  the  chair. 

Again,  Jan,  31,  1832,  he  tendered  his  resignation,  but  at  the 
request  of  the  fellows,  he  consented  to  continue  his  connection  with 
the  college.  Bodily  infirmities  prompted  him  to  offer  his  resigna- 
tion, for  a  third  time,  July  30,  1833,  but  Drs.  Otto  and  Parrish,  at 
the  instance  of  the  college,  induced  him  to  withdraw  it. 

June  2,  1835.  The  treasurer  reported  that  the  income  of  the 
college  for  the  preceding  year  was  (fines  $13,  annual  contributions 
$84,  entrance  $10)  $107  ;  and  the  total  expenditures  were  $82.82. 

July  6.  A  special  meeting  was  held  on  account  of  the  death  of 
the  president.  Dr.  Thomas  C.  James,  who  died  the  day  before  at  8 
o'clock  P.M.  Resolutions  of  regret ;  that  a  fellow  be  appointed  to 
prepare  a  memoir  of  the  deceased,  and  that  the  college  adjourn  to 
meet  the  next  day  at  his  late  residence  to  attend  his  funeral  at  4 
o'clock  P.M.,  were  adopted. 

Oct.  6.  Drs.  Coxe,  Bond,  and  Moore,  Avere  appointed  to  arrange 
for  the  convenient  and  safe  keeping  of  the  records  of  the  college 
and  for  the  better  accommodation  of  the  library. 

Feb.  2,  1836.  On  motion  of  Dr.  R.  M.  Huston,  certain  remarks 
about  the  college,  published  in  the  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal  of  January  6,  1836,  were  referred  to  the  censors  for  investi- 
gation and  report. 

March  1.  Dr.  Henry  Neil,  in  behalf  of  the  censors,  reported  that 
they  had  fully  examined  the  observations  alluded   to,  as  follows : 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS   OF  PHILADELPHIA.       135 

"  When  empiricism  shields  itself  under  the  cloak  of  regular  fellow- 
ship with  those  who  are  bound  by  the  laws  of  honor  to  sustain  the 
dignity  of  the  medical  profession,  it  is  extremely  mortifying ;  and 
the  man  who  deliberately  demeans  himself  and  degrades  the  order 
to  which  he  may  have  been  admitted  deserves  pointed  reprobation, 
even  though  enveloped  in  collegiate  parchment." 

This  remark  occurs  in  a  short  notice  of  a  pamphlet  entitled, 
"  Annual  Medical  Statistical  Report  of  Dr.  J.  Togno's  Infirmary 
for  the  Cure  of  Deafness,  from  1834  to  1835.  '  To  prejudge  other 
men's  notions  before  we  have  looked  into  them,  is  not  to  show  their 
weakness  but  to  put  out  their  own  eyes ' — Locke.  By  J.  Togno, 
M.D.  Univ.  Penna. ;  Member  of  the  Philadelphia  Medical  Society 
and  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Physicians.  '  Let  the  deaf  hear.' 
Philadelphia,  1835." 

The  censors  call  attention  to  an  important  distinction  between 
empiricism  properly  so-called,  and  the  modes  of  proceeding  usually 
followed  by  empirics  in  the  furtherance  of  their  views.  The  former 
is  highly  disgraceful  and  criminal;  in  themselves  the  latter  may  not 
be  dishonorable  or  vicious,  but  become  so  in  connection  with  the 
interest  they  are  intended  to  promote.  To  employ  a  secret  remedy, 
or  to  recommend  the  indiscriminate  use  of  any  one  remedy  is  strictly 
empirical  ;  to  be  liberal  in  self  commendation,  to  take  every  oppor- 
tunity to  advertise  one's  supposed  special  or  general  competence,  and 
to  strengthen  one's  claim  to  favorable  notice  by  certificates  from 
others,  though  not  in  accord  with  the  generally  accepted  rules  of 
professional  propriety,  do  not  involve  any  immorality,  unless  the 
object  aimed  at  be  immoral. 

The  censors  condemned  the  tone,  as  well  as  some  substantial  parts 
of  the  pamphlet ;  but  did  not  feel  justified  in  recommending  any 
course  of  action  in  the  premises  by  the  college. 

Dr.  Togno  read  a  paper  in  reference  to  his  case,  consisting  chiefly 
of  charges  of  misconduct  in  one  or  more  fellows  of  the  college. 
He  demanded  that  his  paper  should  be  recorded  on  the  minutes.  It 
was  referred  to  the  censors. 

They  reported.  May  3,  1836,  in  substance,  that  Dr.  Togno  had 
read  before  them,  April  9th,  the  paper  to  which  he  had  referred  in  his 
communication    to   the   college,  and   at  the  same  time  stated  that 


136  RUSCHENBERGER, 

having  instituted  legal  proceedings  against  Dr.  Coates  he  did  not 
ask  redress  from  the  college.  At  a  meeting  of  the  censors  on  the 
19th,  Dr.  Coates  said  that,  as  well  as  he  could  recollect.  Dr.  Togno's 
communication  was  substantially  correct,  and  had  the  investigation 
been  restricted  to  a  professional  tribunal,  he  would  have  adduced 
evidence  to  justify  his  remarks,  but  as  the  matter  had  been  referred 
to  a  law  court,  he  was  not  willing  to  communicate  anything  which 
might  reach  Dr.  Togno  and  be  prejudicial  to  his  defence. 

The  censors  declined  to  express  any  other  opinion  in  the  case 
than  that  the  request  of  Dr.  Togno  to  record  his  communication  on 
the  minutes  should  not  be  granted. 

May  10.  A  special  meeting  to  consider  the  case.  After  the 
report  of  the  censors  was  read.  Dr.  Togno  read  a  communication 
containing  his  views  on  professional  deportment,  and  comments  on 
the  report  of  the  censors,  and  immediately  retired  from  the  hall. 

After  discussion  of  the  subject  it  was  "  Resolved,  That  this  college 
is  not  satisfied  with  the  reply  of  Dr.  Togno  to  the  report  of  the 
censors,  acting  as  a  special  committee,  made  on  the  5th  of  April, 
1836,  and  that  it  regards  as  unprofessional  and  injurious  both  to  the 
cause  of  medical  science  and  to  the  interests  of  the  community, 
reports  addressed  to  the  general  public  in  which  statements  of  cases 
are  given  without  any  detail  or  specification  of  the  mode  of  treat- 
ment." 

The  presence  of  Dr.  Togno  at  any  meeting  subsequent  to  this  is 
not  recorded. 

Sept.  6.  A  committee  of  the  trustees  of  the  Preston  Retreat 
— a  lying-in  charity  hospital — applied  to  the  college  for  advice  in 
reference  to  a  plan  of  building  for  the  insitution.  The  application 
was  referred  to  the  committee  on  midwifery.  The  committee  sub- 
mitted a  report,  a  copy  of  which  was  sent  the  trustees  Nov.  15th. 

Nov.  22.  A  fee  bill  was  adopted.  The  secretary  was  instructed 
to  have  2000  copies  of  it  printed,  and  to  send  one  to  each  practi- 
tioner in  the  city.  It  retained  a  place  among  the  by-laws  till  April  5, 
1871,  and  was  then  abolished. 

Jan.  3,  1837.  A  half  centui'y  had  elapsed  since  the  foundation  of 
the  college ;  but  the  fact  is  not  noted  in  the  minutes. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PUYSICIANS   OF   PHILADELPHIA.       137 

June  6.   The  treasurer  reported  a  balance  of  $212.70. 

August  1.  A  communication  from  the  Board  of  Health,  asking 
the  opinion  of  the  college  as  to  the  comparative  insalubrious  in- 
fluence of  ponds  full  of  clear  water  and  of  ponds  partially  full  which 
contain  decaying  animal  and  vegetable  matter,  also  as  to  the  proper 
season  for  draining  and  filling  ponds  with  earth  and  rubbish  contain- 
ing more  or  less  animal  and  vegetable  matter,  was  received  and 
referred.  The  committee  submitted  a  reply,  August  loth,  and  a 
copy  of  it  was  sent  to  the  Board  of  Health. 

Nov.  7.  The  Treasurer  and  Secretary  reported  that,  in  obedience 
to  instructions,  they  had  purchased  four  shares  of  Lehigh  Coal  and 
Navigation  stock,  at  84,  amounting,  with  brokerage,  to  $336.84. 

Jan.  1,  1839.  The  college  recommended  the  Legislature  to  estab- 
lish a  public  square  with  a  fountain  in  each  district  of  the  city. 

May  7.  A  resolution  that  the  number  of  fellows  of  the  college 
shall  not  exceed  65,  was  informally  submitted,  and  withdrawn  Sept.  3d. 

Dec.  3.  The  treasurer  and  secretary  reported  that,  in  compliance 
with  instructions,  they  had  invested,  of  surplus  funds,  $222.23  in  the 
Schuylkill  Nav.  Co.  6  per  cent,  loan,  at  y9. 

June  2,  1840.  When  the  by-law  in  reference  to  standing  com- 
mittees was  adopted,  the  college  consisted  of  31  fellows,  and  four 
members  were  assigned  to  each  committee.  Now  the  number  of 
fellows  was  more  than  double,  and  the  working  of  the  committees 
had  become  cumbersome.  For  this  reason,  and  to  impose  a  direct 
responsibility,  the  by-law  was  amended  so  as  to  require  the  president, 
at  the  meeting  in  June,  to  nominate  a  committee  on  the  library,  and 
appoint  a  member  to  report  annually  on  each  one  of  the  following 
subjects:  1,  Public  Hygiene;  2,  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine; 
3,  Surgery ;  4,  Midwifery ;  5,  Diseases  of  Women ;  6,  Diseases  of 
Children;  7,  Materia  Medica;  8,  Meteorology  and  Epidemics. 
These  committees  were  active  for  sixteen  years,  till  January,  1851. 
The  annual  reports  made  by  them  were  published  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  college. 

July  7.  The  censors  reported  a  number  of  papers  in  possession 
of  the  college  worthy  of  publication. 


138  RUSCHENBERGER, 

Aug.  4.  The  secretary  reported  that  250  copies  of  the  amended 
by-laws  had  been  printed/ 

Oct.  5,  1841.  It  was  resolved  to  publish  a  quarterly  summary  of 
the  Transactions,  and,  Nov.  2d,  a  committee  of  publication  was  ap- 
pointed. The  secretary  reported,  March  1,  1842,  that  the  first 
number  had  been  printed  and  distributed  to  the  fellows  and  others. 

June  1,  1842,  the  treasurer's  balance  was  $113.40. 

Jan.  3,  1843.  Dr.  Henry  Bond  resigned  the  office  of  secretary. 
The  college  voted  him  its  thanks,  Feb.  7th,  for  his  faithful  dis- 
charge of  duty  during  eleven  years.  Of  nine  nominated.  Dr.  D. 
Francis  Condie  was  chosen  to  fill  his  place. 

Nov.  7.  The  college  sent  to  the  chairman  of  a  joint  committee  of 
the  councils  of  the  city,  having  charge  of  the  subject,  a  preamble  and 
resolutions  recommending  the  purchase  of  Lemon  Hill,  with  a  view 
to  the  preservation  of  the  purity  of  the  water  supplied  to  the  city 
from  the  Schuylkill  River.- 

Feb.  2,  1844.  The  secretary  reported  that  250  copies  of  the  by- 
laws had  been  printed ;  and,  March  5th,  250  copies  of  the  fee  bill 
were  ordered. 

June  4.  The  treasurer  reported  that  the  aggregate  of  expenses  for 
the  year  ending  June  4th,  was  $429.30,  and  that  the  balance  in 
treasury  was  $68.07. 

June  29.  A  special  meeting  was  held  at  5  o'clock  p.  M.,  to  manifest 
respect  for  the  memory  of  the  late  Vice-President,  Dr.  John  C.  Otto. 
Twenty -nine  fellows  were  present.  The  meeting  adjourned  to  attend 
the  funeral  in  a  body. 

^  A  copy  is  bound  with  Summary  of  Trans,  of  Coll.  of  Phys.  of  Philada., 
vol.  iii  ,  1849-50.     The  number  of  Fellows  whs  66. 

»  Summary  of  Trans,  of  Coll.  of  Phys.,  vol.  i.  p.  178. 

Fairmount  Park  iiad  its  origin  in  this  purchasp.  Horace  J.  Smith's  reprint 
of  papers  by  S.  Keyser,  1856,  and  Thomas  Cocheran,  1872,  relative  to  a  public 
park.    Philada.,  1886. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS   OF   PHILADELPHIA.       139 

Jan.  7,  1845.  The  treasurer  reported  that,  including  the  Schuyl- 
kill Nav.  loan,  which  had  been  paid,  he  had  invested  $300  in  the 
District  of  Spring  Garden  loan. 

Oct.  10.  A  special  meeting  was  held  at  3  o'clock  p.  m.,  on  account 
of  the  death  of  the  late  Vice-President,  Dr.  Henry  Neill.  After 
appointing  a  committee  to  prepare  appropriate  resolutions,  the 
college  adjourned  to  attend  the  funeral. 

Nov.  3.  Resolutions  in  reference  to  Dr.  Neill  were  unanimously 
adopted. 

A  circular  letter  from  the  New  York  State  Medical  Society  was 
read,  announcing  that  a  national  medical  convention,  consisting  of 
delegates  from  the  medical  institutions  of  the  United  States,  would 
be  held  in  the  city  of  New  York,  May,  1846  ;  and  also  a  letter  from 
Dr.  N.  S.  Davis  to  the  president,  requesting  that  the  college  appoint 
delegates  to  represent  it. 

The  matter  Avas  referred  to  Drs.  Wood,  Moore,  Bond,  Bell,  Condie, 
and  Hewson.  On  their  report,  it  was  resolved,  Dec.  2d,  that  "While 
the  college  cordially  approve  of  the  proposed  object,  they  do  not 
under  present  circumstances  deem  it  expedient  to  appoint  delegates 
to  represent  them  in  the  convention." 

March  6,  1846.  "A  communication  was  received  from  Dr.  Sharp- 
less,  and,  after  some  discussion  as  to  the  light  in  which  the  said 
communication  was  to  be  viewed,  it  was,  on  motion,  unanimously 
resolved  [11  fellows  present],  that  the  name  of  Dr.  John  T.  Sharp- 
less  be  '  removed  from  the  list  of  fellows'  of  this  College."^ 

The  college  had  been  long  desirous  to  obtain  more  convenient 
quarters  than  the  hall  of  the  Philosophical  Society  afforded.  In 
Feb.  1832,  Drs.  James,  Wood,  and  Meigs  were  appointed  to  confer 
with  a  committee  of  the  Atheneum  on  a  proposition  to  erect  a  build- 
ing suitable  for  the  joint  accommodation  of  several  societies.  Dec, 
1838,  a  committee  Avas  appointed  to  inquire  whether  it  Avas  practi- 
cable to  obtain  apartments  better  adapted  to  the  convenience  of  the 

1  Trans,  of  Coll.  of  Phys.,  vol.  i.  p  375. 

This  expulsion — the  only  one  in  the  century — had  its  origin  in  a  paper  read 
by  Dr.  Sharpless  before  the  College,  "  On  the  Use  and  Abuse  of  Pessaries,"  and 
the  discussion  which  it  provoked. 


140  KUSCHENBERGER, 

society.  A  room  offered  by  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  was 
declined,  Sept.  1840. 

A  joint  committee,  composed  of  representatives  of  the  Philadelphia 
Medical  Society,  the  Philadelphia  Medical  College,  and  the  College 
of  Physicians,  proposed,  Oct.  1840,  to  form  The  Medical  Hall 
Association  of  Philadelphia,  to  procure  "an  edifice  suitable  to 
accommodate  the  meetings  of  various  medical  associations,"  and  be 
a  convenient  and  safe  depository  for  their  libraries  and  museums. 
To  accomplish  the  object  it  was  proposed  to  sell  300  shares  of  stock, 
with  certain  privileges,  for  $50  each. 

The  college  considered  it  inexpedient  for  medical  institutions  in 
their  corporate  capacity,  either  singly  or  jointly,  to  undertake  the 
Avork. 

Feb.  2,  1841.  Drs.  Fox,  J.  R.  Paul,  and  Condie,  appointed  for 
the  purpose,  Nov.  3,  1840,  reported  that  the  cost  of  a  proper  build- 
ing for  the  college  would  probably  exceed  $15,000  ;  that  the  plan 
proposed  was  generally  approved  and  many  liberal  subscriptions  were 
promised,  but  as  an  amount  sufficient  to  justify  the  college  in  under- 
taking its  erection  cannot  be  immediately  raised,  the  committee  asked 
to  be  discharged. 

Oct.  5.  A  committee  was  directed  to  ascertain  whether  the  college 
could  be  accommodated  in  the  hall  recently  purchased  by  the  Philo- 
sophical Society  [Chinese  Museum,  9th  South  of  Chestnut  St.],  and 
if  not,  to  inquire  for  a  room  elsewhere.  Nov.  1,  1842,  the  secretary 
reported  that  no  definite  information  about  a  room  had  been  obtained. 

April  4,  1843.  The  Philosophical  Society  increased  the  rent  of 
the  room  occupied  by  the  college  to  fifty  dollars  a  year. 

Dec.  3,  1844.  A  committee  was  directed  to  inquire  whether  an 
apartment  for  the  college  could  be  had  in  a  building  nearly  com- 
pleted for  the  Mercantile  Library  Company  at  the  S.  E.  corner  of 
Fifth  and  Library  Streets.  The  committee  reported,  March  4,  1845, 
that  an  airy,  well-lighted  room,  on  the  third  floor,  separate  and 
distinct  from  the  rest  of  the  building,  having  an  entrance  from  Fifth 
Street,  suitable  for  the  meetings  and  accommodation  of  the  library, 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF   PHILADELPHIA.       141 

was  offered  at  an  annual  rent  of  $185,  including  attendance  and 
heating.  After  duly  considering  the  ability  of  the  college  to  afford 
the  increased  expense,  the  committee  was  directed,  June  3d,  to 
engage  the  room  at  $175  a  year,  from  July  1st,  and  have  it  fitted 
and  furnished  suitably  to  accommodate  the  library  and  the  sessions 
of  the  college  ;  it  was  also  authorized  to  solicit  "  voluntary  contri- 
butions "  from  the  fellows  to  defray  the  cost. 

The  spirit  of  the  college  was  stirred  by  this  undertaking  as  it  had 
not  been  before. 

July  1,  1845,  the  entrance  fee  was  increased  to  $15  and  the 
annual  contribution  to  $5.  The  college  had  been  a  tenant  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society  more  than  fifty-three  years,  from 
Dec.  10,  1791.  The  treasurer  was  instructed  to  give  notice  that  the 
college  "  Avill  cease  to  occupy  its  present  room  after  to  night,"  and 
to  pay  the  amount  of  rent  now  due.  The  balance  in  the  treasury 
was  $16.43.  The  fellows  contributed  liberally.  The  library  com- 
mittee was  instructed  to  move  the  property  of  the  college  to  the 
new  apartment. 

For  the  first  time,  the  record  of  proceedings  was  headed,  "  Hall 
of  the  college,  August  5,  1845." 

The  cost  of  fitting  and  furnishing  the  "  Hall  of  the  College  "  was 
$280.42J.  It  was  met  by  subscriptions,  $213,  sale  of  old  book- 
cases $9.45  ;  leaving  a  deficit  of  $57.97,  which  the  treasurer  was 
ordered  to  pay. 

The  meetings  were  more  numerously  attended  in  the  ncAv  quarters 
than  they  had  been  previously.  The  proceedings  from  Xov.  1841,  are 
published  in  detail  in  the  Transactions,  which  were  issued  quarterly. 
The  financial  condition  of  the  society  improved.  The  expenditures 
for  the  year  ending  June  2,  1846,  were  $375.33,  and  the  balance 
in  the  treasury  $201.45. 

A  new  edition  of  the  by-laws  and  of  the  fee  bill  were  issued, 
June,  1848. 

The  year  1849  was  notable  in  the  progress  of  the  college.  A 
building  fund,  which  enabled  the  society  to  construct  the  building 
which  it  now  occupies,  was  started,  and  the  pathological  museum  was 


142  RUSCHENBERGER, 

begun.     The  importance  of  these  measures  entitles  them  to  separate 
consideration. 

Sept.  4,  1849,  an  amendment  of  the  by-laws  was  adopted,  to 
exempt  from  the  annual  contribution  those  fellows  who  may  be 
away  twelve  months  or  more  on  army  or  navy  service,  during  their 
absence. 

Jan.  6,  1851.  All  the  committees,  except  that  on  meteorology  and 
epidemics,  were  abolished. 

March  2,  1852,  Twenty-nine  fellows,  who  were  members  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  represented  to  the 
college  in  a  memorial  that,  as  the  two  societies  met  on  the  same  night, 
they  were  obliged  to  be  absent  from  the  meetings  of  one  or  of  the 
other.  For  this  reason  it  was  determined,  April  Gth,  that  the  stated 
meetings  of  the  college  should  be  held  thereafter  on  the  first  Wednes- 
day instead  of  the  first  Tuesday  of  the  month. 

To  obtain  more  convenient  apartments  for  the  use  of  the  college 
"  the  picture  house  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,"^  I^o.  820  Spruce 
St.,  was  leased  at  $250  a  year.  The  furniture  was  at  once  trans- 
ferred, and  the  first  meeting  of  the  society  in  it  was  held  July  4, 
1854.  It  remained  there  till  its  final  removal  to  its  new  and  per- 
manent home,  March,  1863. 

THE    MUSEUM. 

June  5,  1849,  Dr.  Isaac  Parrish  moved  the  following  preamble 
and  resolution : 

Whereas,  The  institution  of  a  cabinet  of  pathological  specimens, 
under  the  control  of  this  college,  would  greatly  facilitate  the  promo- 
tion of  science  and  secure  to  the  profession  a  valuable  amount  of 
material  of  this  kind  which  would  otherwise  be  lost; 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to  consider  the  means 
of  eifecting  the  object.^ 

1  The  picture  house  was  erected  for  the  accommodation  and  exhibition  f'f  the 
painlinsx*^  presented  to  the  huspital  b}'  the  artist,  Benjamin  West.  They  are 
now  in  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts. 

*  I>aac  Parrish,  John  Neill,  John  Bell,  Henry  H.  Smith,  and  Edward 
Hailoweli  were  appointed. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF   PHILADELPHIA,       143 

June  19.  The  committee  submitted  a  report  and  resolutions : 

That  it  is  expedient  to  found  a  museum  of  pathological  anatomy, 
to  be  under  the  direction  and  control  of  the  college,  and  that  a  sum 
not  exceeding  $50  be  appropriated  for  the  erection  of  the  necessary 
cases  within  the  hall,  and  for  the  preparation  and  arrangement  of 
such  specimens  as  may  be  presented. 

That  a  curator  and  committee  on  the  museum  be  appointed  as 
officers  of  the  college,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  librarian  and 
library  committee  are  appointed,  and  that  their  duties  shall'be  defined 
by  the  by-laws. 

The  measure  was  adopted  Aug.  7,  1849,  and  the  by-laws  were 
amended  accordingly,  Sept.  4th. 

Oct.  2,  Dr.  John  Neill  was  elected  curator,  and  Drs.  Moreton  Stille, 
Edward  Hallowell,  and  Isaac  Parrish,  the  Committee  on  the  Museum. 

In  Nov.  the  committee  reported  that  a  considerable  number  of 
pathological  specimens,  many  of  them  from  the  collection  of  the  late 
Dr.  Joseph  Parrish,  had  been  received,  and  that  a  microscope  of  low" 
power  had  been  presented  by  Dr.  B.  H.  Coates.  A  case  for  their 
accommodation  had  been  erected  at  a  cost  of  $25. 

The  museum  grew  very  steadily  during  more  than  thirteen  years, 
until  June,  1863,  Avdien  it  was  united  with  the  collection  of  Dr. 
Mutter. 

June  19,  1856,  a  special  meeting  was  held  to  hear  a  communica- 
tion from  Dr.  Miitter.  In  his  behalf.  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell  stated 
that  Dr.  Miitter's  collection  of  pathological  and  other  specimens 
consisted  of  474  bones,  215  wet  preparations,  200  casts,  20  wax 
preparations,  8  papier-mache  models,  5  dried  preparations,  4  oil  and 
376  water-color  paintings  ;  and  that  he  proposed  to  give  this  collec- 
tion to  the  college,  and  also  a  bequest  of  |30,000  to  increase  the 
museum  and  pay  the  salary  of  a  lecturer,  on  condition  that  the  college 
shall  provide  a  fireproof  building  suitable  for  their  preservation. 

Dr.  Mutter,  in  his  letter  addressed  to. the  college.  May  20,  1856, 
says : 

"  Gentlemen  :  In  consequence  of  ill  health,  I  find  myself  obliged 
to  resign,  for  a  time  at  least,  the.  office  and  duties  of  a  teacher  of 
surgery. 

"  With  the  view  of  rendering  some  return  to  my  profession  for  the 


144  RUSCIIENBEKGER, 

benefits  derived  from  its  prosecution  for  so  many  years,  and,  above 
all,  to  serve  at  once  the  cause  of  science  and  of  humanity,  I  have 
determined  to  found  a  pathological  museum  which  shall  be  open  to 
all  physicians  and  to  all  students  of  medicine  without  fee  or  charge 
of  any  sort.  I  herewith  offer  the  guardianship  of  this  museum  to  the 
Philadelphia  College  of  Physicians  as  the  body  best  qualified  by  the 
character  of  its  members  and  the  nature  of  its  pursuits  for  undertaking 
the  trust." 

He  theif  states,  in  substance,  that  he  had  been  offered  $20,000  for 
his  collection ;  that  it  had  cost  more  money,  besides  his  attention 
and  labor  during  twenty-four  years ;  that,  in  his  opinion,  it  is  for 
illustrative  purposes  "almost  unrivalled."  He  says  he  will  hand 
over  "my  museum"  to  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Physicians  as 
soon  as  a  suitable  building  shall  be  provided  for  its  reception,  and 
will  bind  himself  to  keep  the  said  museum  in  order,  free  of  cost  to 
the  college,  during  his  life.  "At  my  death  my  executors  are  ordered 
to  pay  over  to  the  trustees  of  my  museum  (already  named)  the  sum 
of  f  30, 000,  to  be  devoted  by  them  to  objects  hereinafter  specified." 

Among  other  things,  he  proposed  that  the  "  Curator  of  the  Museum 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  shall  also  be  the  Curator  of  my  collec- 
tion," implying  that  he  did  not  then  contemplate  a  junction  of  the 
two. 

In  conclusion,  he  said :  "  I  desire  the  museum  to  receive  the 
following  designation :  Pathological  Museum  of  the  College  of 
Physicians,  Founded  A.  D.  1856,  by  Thomas  Dent  Mutter,  M.D., 
LL.D." 

The  proposition  was  referred  to  Drs.  Bache,  Paul,  Norris,  Jewell, 
Stille,  and  Wood. 

They  reported,  July  2,  as  follows : 

"  Having  carefully  examined  the  proposals  of  Dr.  Mutter,  they 
find  that  his  purpose  is  to  establish  a  great  "pathological  museum," 
of  which  his  own  ample  collection  shall  form  the  basis,  and  to  place 
this  museum  under  the  "guardianship"  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
of  Philadelphia  as  the  body  "  best  qualified  for  undertaking  the 
trust." 

It  is  not  therefore  a  gift  that  Dr.  Mlitter  makes  to  the  college. 
It  is  in  fact  a  gift  to  the  whole  profession  which  he  proposes  to  deposit 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS   OF  PHILADELPHIA.       145 

with  the  college  as  a  trust,  to  be  applied  by  them  under  certain  regu- 
lations and  restrictions  to  the  objects  for  which  the  museum  is  to  be 
established. 

Considering  the  amount  of  pecuniary  sacrifice  made  by  himself, 
the  cabinet  having  cost  him  $20,000  or  upward,  he  very  reasonably 
expects  that  the  college  will  be  disposed,  in  the  interests  of  the  pro- 
fession, to  contribute  toward  the  cost  of  its  proper  accommodation 
and  preservation. 

The  committee  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  the  college 
to  join  in  the  noble  enterprise  proposed  by  their  fellow  Dr.  Miitter; 
but  as  there  are  a  number  of  conditions  in  the  proposals  presented  by 
him  to  the  college  which  require  a  much  more  careful  consideration 
than  the  committee  has  yet  been  able  to  give  them,  and  which,  if 
accepted,  will  place  the  college  under  very  serious  responsibilities, 
the  committee  requests  to  be  continued  with  authority  to  consult 
with  Dr.  Miitter  on  the  subject  and  report  to  the  college  the  result. 

They  submitted  resolutions,  1,  approving  of  Dr.  Miitter's  purpose; 
2,  thanking  him  in  behalf  of  the  profession ;  and  3,  expressing  the 
willingness  of  the  college  to  cooperate  with  him  in  the  establishment 
of  the  proposed  pathological  museum. 

The  committee  discussed  the  details  of  his  proposition  with  Dr. 
Miitter  without  conclusion.  In  a  note,  dated  Sept.  25,  1856,  he 
informed  the  committee  that  he  was  greatly  disappointed  that  matters 
had  not  been  arranged — that  his  "papers  are  all  packed  up  and  in 
bank,"  and  "  I  am  too  ill  and  too  busy  to  give  the  proper  time  and 
care  to  the  arrangements  between  the  college  and  myself.  All  I  can 
do  is  to  leave  the  matter  open  until  I  return,  which  may  be  next 
spring." 

The  committee  was  discharged  from  further  consideration  of  the 
subject. 

Two  years  afterAvard,  Dr.  Miitter  informed  Dr.  George  B.  Wood, 
Oct.  27,  1858,  that  he  was  ready  to  confirm  his  proposal  in  reference 
to  the  pathological  museum. 

The  committee  was  reappointed  and  instructed  to  complete  the 
arrangements  with  Dr.  Mutter. 

Dec.  1,  1858,  the  committee  reported  that  Dr.  Miitter  desired  the 
college  to  agree  that  the  building  shall  be  finished  in  three  instead 

10 


146  RUSCHENBERGEB, 

of  five  years  from  the  date  of  the  agreement, — that  the  committee 
deems  it  inexpedient  to  accede  to  this  desire,  and  that  Dr.  Miitter  is 
ready  to  execute  the  agreement,  in  its  present  shape. 

The  college  instructed  the  committee  to  have  the  document  legally 
prepared  for  execution. 

At  a  special  meeting,  Dec.  6,  the  action  of  the  committee  Avas 
unanimously  approved. 

Dr.  Miitter  signed  the  agreement  Dec.  11,  1858,  and  the  officers 
of  the  college  Jan.  8,  1859. 

The  committee  reported,  Jan.  5,  1859,  that  previous  to  his  depart- 
ure for  Europe,  Dr.  Miitter  had  placed  his  museum  in  charge  of 
three  trustees  to  be  delivered  to  the  college  as  soon  as  the  building 
shall  be  completed.  A  certified  copy  of  the  deed  of  trust,  and  of  a 
catalogue  of  the  collection,  by  which  it  may  be  identified,  was  ob- 
tained Feb.  2,  1859. 

Dr.  Franklin  Bache  announced,  April  6,  that  Dr.  Miitter  died 
March  16,  1859.^ 

According  to  the  terms  of  agreement  with  Dr.  Miitter  the  college, 
in  order  to  acquire  his  bequest,  was  bound  to  erect  within  five  years 
a  fireproof  building  in  which  there  should  be  an  apartment  of  dimen- 
sions sufficient  to  accommodate  the  museum  which  he  had  formed, 
and  additional  room  for  its  probable  increase. 

Within  the  period  stipulated,  the  trustee  of  the  Miitter  fund  and 
the  trustees  of  the  Miitter  collection  were  duly  notified  that  the  build- 
ing required  by  the  terms  of  the  agreement  had  been  erected,  and  was 
ready  to  be  occupied,  March,  1863.  The  committee  on  the  Miitter 
Museum  had  been  appointed,  Jan.  1863 ;  and  the  curator  of  the 
museum  of  the  college  was  appointed  in  June  curator  of  the  Mutter 
Museum.  But  the  trustees  of  the  Miitter  fund  doubted  whether  the 
building  was  fireproof  according  to  the  requirements  of  the  agree- 
ment ;  and  also  whether  the  application  of  the  income  to  purposes 
recommended  by  the  building  committee  was  in  conformity  to  its 
spirit. 

June  3, 1863,  the  building  committee  reported  that  these  objections 
had  been  removed.     The  President  of  the  Pennsylvania  Company 

*  Dr.  Joseph  Fancoast  was  requested  to  prepare  a  memoir  of  Dr.  Mutter. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS   OF  PHILADELPHIA.       147 

for  Insurance  on  Lives,  etc.,  trustee  of  the  Mutter  fund,  addressed  to 
Dr.  Isaac  Hays,  chairman  of  the  building  committee,  the  following 
note: 

Dear  Sir :  We  have  received  the  certificate  of  Mrs.  ]M.  W.  A. 
Mutter  that  she  is  satisfied  that  the  building  erected  at  the  corner 
of  Thirteenth  and  Locust  Streets  by  the  college  is  a  fireproof  build- 
ing, and  that  she  agrees  and  desires  us  to  pay  to  the  chairman  of  the 
committee  of  the  Miitter  Museum  the  income  of  the  fund  appro- 
priated by  Dr.  Mutter  for  the  use  of  said  museum  according  to  the 
deed  of  trust.  We  have  also  the  certificate  of  Mr.  Errickson  that 
the  building  is  fireproof,  and  will  comply  with  the  direction  of  the 
said  deed  and  her  wish. 

Respectfully  yr.  obt.  svt. 

Charles  Dutilh, 

The  deed-poll  states  in  substance  that  the  late  Dr.  Thomas  Dent 
Miitter,  in  an  agreement  dated  Dec.  11,  1858,  covenanted  to  convey 
to  the  Pennsylvania  Company  for  Insurance  on  Lives  certain  real 
and  personal  estate,  the  income  from  which  "to  be  appropriated  for 
the  support,  preservation,  and  maintenance  of  a  certain  Museum  of 
Pathological  and  Anatomical  Preparations  and  Specimens  in  a  fire- 
proof building  to  be  erected"  by  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  is  agreed,  inter  alia,  "  that  said  income  shall  be  devoted 
to  the  following  purposes,  and  to  no  other,  namely,  1st,  for  the 
salary  of  a  curator,  $300  ;  2d,  for  the  salary  of  a  lecturer,  $200  ; 
and  the  remainder  of  said  income  to  the  preparing,  fitting  up,  keep- 
ing in  order,  increasing  and  insuring  of  pathological  afld  anatomical 
preparations  and  specimens,  etc." 

In  order  to  remove  doubt  about  the  use  of  the  income  for  cer- 
tain other  objects  or  purposes  than  those  specified,  Mary  W.  A. 
Mutter,  the  executrix,  declares :  "  I  am  satisfied  that,  according  to 
the  true  intent  and  meaning  of  the  said  articles  of  agreement,  the 
putting  up  of  cases  to  contain  and  preserve  the  said  preparations 
and  specimens  is  included  in  the  provision  for  preparing  and  fitting 
up  and  keeping  in  order  the  said  preparations  and  specimens,  and 
therefore  that  the  expenses  thereof  may  properly  be  defrayed  from 
said  income,  and  that  the  providing  of  chairs,  tables,  pens,  ink,  and 


148  RUSCHENBERGEK, 

paper  for  the  said  museum  is  one  of  the  trusts  to  the  performance  of 
which  the  said  income  is  to  be  exclusively  devoted." 

August  5,  1863.  The  college  presented  its  thanks  to  Mrs.  Miitter 
for  her  "promptness,  courtesy,  and  liberality,"  in  carrying  the 
agreement  into  eifect. 

The  pathological  and  anatomical  specimens — more  than  one  hun- 
dred— collected  by  the  college  between  1849  and  1863,  were 
arranged  in  the  same  apartment  with  those  of  Dr.  Miitter,  and 
placed  in  the  immediate  custody  of  the  curator,  under  the  supervision 
of  the  committee  on  the  Miitter  Museum. 

In  fact,  the  method  of  managing  the  affairs  of  its  museum,  through 
the  agency  of  a  curator  and  a  committee  of  three  annually  elected, 
devised  by  the  college  in  1849,  was  continued  after  the  reception  of 
the  bequest.  All  the  collections  of  the  college  and  of  Dr.  Miitter 
were  then  joined  in  one  museum,  and  was  named  the  Miitter 
Museum.  The  official  functions  of  the  committee  on  the  Miitter 
Museum  were  not  changed,  except  that  the  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee, under  a  provision  of  the  agreement  between  the  college  and 
Dr.  Miitter,  became  the  lawful  agent  to  receive  and  receipt  for  the 
income  of  the  Miitter  fund  in  behalf  of  the  college  ;  but  responsi- 
bility for  its  expenditure  rests  exclusively  in  the  college.  Misap- 
propriation of  any  part  of  this  income  may  forfeit  the  bequest.  This 
possibility  makes  it  eminently  proper  that  the  committee  on  the 
Mutter  Museum  especially  should  act,  as  it  always  has,  in  strict 
subordination  to  the  authority  and  laws  of  the  college.  Unusual 
expenditures  are  sanctioned  before  they  are  made,  and  the  treasurer 
pays  no  bills  until  they  are  formally  approved  by  the  society. 

Jan.  6,  1864.  Cases  had  been  provided,  and  the  collections  had 
been  removed  from  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  and  arranged. 
The  i\Iiitter  collections  consisted  of  1139  specimens,  200  casts,  48 
oil  paintings,  and  364  water  colored  drawings.  These,  with  the 
numerous  preparations  previously  acquired  by  the  college,  constituted 
the  Miitter  Museum  of  the  College  of  Physicians.  Many  specimens 
were  added  at  different  times.  In  October,  1867,  Dr.  W.  F.  Atlee 
presented  his  entire  pathological  cabinet,  and  subsequently  added 
to  it. 

The  expenditures  on  account  of  the  Miitter  fund  did  not  absorb 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS   OF   PHILADELPHIA.       149 

the  income.  As  early  as  Dec.  6,  1865,  the  college  authorized  the 
chairman  of  the  committee  of  the  Mutter  Museum  to  invest  $2000 
of  the  accumulated  fund. 

In  May,  1867,  Dr.  Robert  Bridges  was  paid  $300  for  analyzing 
the  urinary  calculi  of  the  collection.  The  expenses  incidental  to  the 
Miitter  lectureship  were  properly  charged  to  the  fund.  In  1873,  after 
obtaining  legal  advice  on  the  subject,  the  purchase  of  some  costly 
books  desirable  for  use  in  connection  with  the  Museum  was  author- 
ized. Still  the  income  accumulated.  July  2,  1878,  the  balance 
was  $4891.29.  The  college  directed  $4000  to  be  invested  in  such 
manner  that  it  might  be  readily  converted  into  cash  in  case  of  need. 
This  investment  was  sold,  by  direction  of  the  college,  August  4, 
1874,  in  order  to  pay  for  the  Hyrtl  collection,  bought  for  ,$1800 
gold.  In  July,  1876,  $800  were  paid  for  the  Politzer  collection. 
In  July,  1877,  the  balance  was  $2943.81.  The  college  directed, 
Oct.  2,  1878,  the  accumulated  income  to  be  invested,  from  time  to 
time,  in  legal  securities. 

The  apartment  had  become  so  much  crowded  by  the  end  of  1876, 
that  considerable  increase  of  the  number  of  specimens  by  purchase 
was  considered  not  expedient  till  i-oom  should  be  provided  for  their 
preservation  and  proper  display.  Consequently  the  income  of  the 
Miitter  fund  accumulated ;  the  balance  at  the  close  of  1883  exceeded 


It  had  been  foreseen  ten  years  previously  that  space  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  rapidly  growing  library  and  museum  would  be 
needed ;  and,  to  provide  means  to  enlarge  the  college  hall,  a  build- 
ing fund  was  begun.  It  increased  so  slowly,  however,  that  it  was 
yet  quite  inadequate  to  meet  the  demand. 

Under  the  circumstances,  it  was  suggested  that  the  college  could 
be  justified  in  borrowing  $5000  of  the  surplus  income  of  the  trust 
fund,  giving  a  mortgage  to  insure  payment  of  the  debt ;  and  that  as 
much  more  as  might  be  necessary  should  be  obtained  elsewhere  on 
like  security. 

Upon  the  propriety  of  adopting  such  a  financial  plan  opinion  was 
divided.  Discussion  resulted  in  referring  the  question  to  the  com- 
mittee on  finance,  and,  at  last,  to  a  legal  tribunal. 

It  was  argued  that  the  college  could  legitimately  use  accumulated 


150  RUSCHENBERGER, 

income  to  extend  the  space  for  museum  purposes,  for  the  reason  that 
a  chief  object  of  the  Mutter  trust  is  to  pi*ovide  for  the  maintenance 
and  continuous  increase  of  a  free  medical  museum.  It  is  obvious 
that  the  increase  of  the  number  of  objects  must  be  limited  by  the 
space  afforded  for  their  display,  and,  therefore,  opportune  expansion 
of  that  space  is  fairly  a  part  of  the  cost  of  increasing  the  contents  of 
the  museum. 

Some  wei'e  confident,  on  the  other  hand,  that,  under  the  terms  of 
its  agreement  with  Dr.  Mutter,  the  college  is  bound  to  augment  the 
capacity  of  the  building  continuously,  pari  passu,  with  the  increase 
of  the  museum,  and  to  apply  the  income  of  the  fund  exclusively 
according  to  a  literal  construction  of  its  specifications. 

Two  eminent  lawyers  separately  gave  opinions  on  these  points, 
based  on  partial  data  submitted  to  them  by  the  different  parties. 
Their  opinions  did  not  coincide  ;  had  they  been  alike,  their  authors 
lacked  the  ofiicial  position  which  is  needed  to  make  legal  opinion 
authoritative,  decisive. 

The  committee  on  finance  engaged  legal  counsel,  Feb.  16,  1884. 
An  eminent  lawyer  gave  notice,  a  day  or  two  later,  that  he  had  been 
retained  by  the  committee  on  the  Miitter  Museum,  and  that,  inas- 
much as  this  committee  occupied  the  position  of  lender,  it  should  be 
the  plaintiff  in  the  proposed  amicable  suit. 

The  chairman  of  the  committee  on  the  Mutter  Museum,  in  a 
petition  to  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  No.  2,  dated  March  27,  stated 
in  substance  that  the  College  of  Physicians  had  not,  in  answer  to  its 
application,  instructed  the  committee  in  reference  to  the  disposition 
to  be  made  of  the  accumulated  income  of  the  Mutter  fund  in  such 
manner  and  form  as  would  justify  and  protect  the  action  of  the  com- 
mittee in  the  premises,  and,  therefore,  the  Court  was  asked  to  order 
the  College  of  Physicians  to  answer  the  application  of  the  committee 
and  abide  by  the  directions  Avhich  the  Court  might  give.  The  fact 
that  the  college  had  authorized,  Oct.  2,  1878,  the  chairman  of  the 
committee  to  invest  in  legal  securities  from  time  to  time  such  parts 
of  the  income  as  may  seem  desirable,  was  not  mentioned. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  chairman  of  the  committee  on  the 
Mutter  Museum — an  agent  elected  annually  by  the  college  for 
specified  purposes — assumed  that  the  committee  i^  a  body  somehow 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS   OF   PHILADELPHIA.       151 

separate  from  the  college,  having  in  some  limited  sense  a  discretion 
and  responsibility  independent  of  it,  with  a  qiiasi-veto  right  to  control 
all  uses  of  money  on  account  of  the  museum.  On  such  assumption 
only  is  based  its  call  on  a  legal  tribunal  to  intervene  and  compel  the 
college  to  act  in  the  premises  as  the  Court  might  be  pleased  to  direct. 

In  behalf  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  the  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  finance  answered  the  petition,  claiming  substantially  that 
the  accumulated  income  of  the  Mutter  legacy  may  be  used  in  build- 
ing whenever  the  growth  of  the  museum  is  arrested  by  lack  of  space, 
for  the  reason  that  the  maintenance  and  continuous  increase  of  the 
museum  are  chief  purposes  of  the  trust,  which  cannot  be  realized 
without  provision  of  sufficient  room  in  which  newly  acquired  objects 
may  be  preserved  and  exhibited ;  and  this  the  college  is  not  bound 
to  supply. 

The  Court  referred  the  petition  and  answer  to  a  master.  He 
heard  testimony  and  arguments,  prepared  a  report,  and,  on  exceptions 
made  in  behalf  of  the  college,  amended  it.  Then  it  was  duly  sub- 
mitted, and  the  matter  was  debated  before  the  Court, 

The  Court  decreed  in  substance  that  henceforth  the  college  is 
"  bound  only  to  take  care  of  the  museum  and  expend  the  income 
of  the  fund  in  accordance  with  the  directions  of  the  agreement,  and 
can,  in  no  contingency,  be  called  on  to  provide  other  or  additional 
accommodation  for  the  museum." 

The  Master  recommended  in  his  report  that  the  petitioners — the 
members  of  the  committee  on  the  Miitter  Museum — have  leave  to 
pay  to  the  College  of  Physicians  $5000  of  surplus  income  upon  the 
execution  and  delivery  of  a  mortgage  for  the  amount  on  the  college 
building,  with  a  stipulation  in  it  that  if  the  college  shall  expend  the 
money  in  enlarging  its  premises,  neither  principal  nor  interest  thereon 
for  any  period  shall  be  due  or  collectable  so  long  as  the  college  shall 
comply  with  the  terms  of  the  trust.  The  Court  objected  that  a  mort- 
gage on  the  building  of  the  College  of  Physicians  might  work  de- 
struction of  the  Mutter  ^luseum  through  foreclosure.  If  the  college 
should  be  unable  to  pay  the  sum  borrowed,  its  building  would  be 
sold,  and,  as  a  consequence,  accommodation  of  the  museum  would 
be  taken  away.  Therefore  the  court  decreed,  in  place  of  a  mortgage, 
Articles  of  Covenant  in  which  it  is  stipulated  that  the  petitioners 


152  RUSCHENBERGER, 

shall  have  leave  to  pay  $5000  to  the  college  provided  that  it  agrees 
to  expend  the  said  sum  in  building  an  enlargement  of  the  premises ; 
to  accommodate  the  said  collection  as  heretofore,  and  in  all  respects 
comply  with  its  agreement  with  Dr.  Miitter ;  and  at  all  times  hereafter 
indemnify  and  save  harmless  the  said  petitioners,  their  heirs,  execu- 
tors, and  administrators  from  all  liability  whatsoever  by  reason  of  the 
premises.  And  the  Court  "  further  ordered  that  this  decree  shall  be 
a  complete  and  full  discharge  of  the  petitioners  of  and  from  all  lia- 
bility in  the  premises,"  and  that  the  costs  of  the  case  be  paid  by  the 
petitioners. 

The  college  executed  the  articles  of  covenant.  Without  incurring 
debt,  the  premises  were  enlarged,  and  the  museum  was  transferred 
into  the  spacious  apartment  provided  for  it  in  November  and  De- 
cember, 1886. 

MUTTER  LECTURESHIP. 

The  museum  was  not  the  sole  object  of  Dr.  Mutter's  legacy.  The 
agreement  provides,  Article  16,  that  the  college  "will  appoint,  once 
in  every  three  years,  a  lecturer,  whose  duty  it  shall  be,  during  that- 
period,  to  deliver  annually  a  course  of  lectures  on  some  point  or 
points  connected  Avith  surgical  pathology.  The  same  lecturer  shall 
not  be  appointed  for  two  such  successive  terms  of  three  years.  Such 
lecturer  shall  be  subject  to  directions  from  the  college  in  regard  to 
the  period  and  duration  of  his  course ;  but  no  such  annual  course 
shall  consist  of  less  than  ten  lectures." 

Under  this  provision  the  college  appointed,  March  2,  1864,  Dr. 
John  H.  Packard  lecturer  for  three  years.  "Inflammation"  was  the 
subject  of  his  lectures. 

Dr.  Harrison  Allen  was  appointed  March  6,  1867,  gave  one 
course  of  lectures,  and  resigned  Nov.  1868. 

Dr.  John  H.  Brinton  was  appointed  Jan.  6,  1869,  gave  a  course 
of  lectures  on  gunshot  injuries,  and  resigned  Jan.  5,  1870. 

No  candidate  for  the  lectureship  appeared  during  the  year  1870. 

In  view  of  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  competent  persons  to  lecture 
under  the  terms  of  the  agreement,  the  college  determined,  Feb.  1, 
1871,  with  the  consent  of  the  executors  of  Dr.  Miitter's  will  previously 


INSTITUTION    OF  COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS   OF   PHILADELPHIA.       153 

secured,  that  one  course  of  lectures  should  be  delivered  triennially, 
and  that  the  lecturer  should  receive  the  whole  compensation  provided 
for  three  years. 

Dr.  J.  Solis  Cohen  was  appointed  lecturer  April  5,  1871. 

Dr.  AY.  F.  Jenks  was  appointed,  Nov.  4,  1874,  to  deliver  a  course 
of  lectures  on  the  surgical  pathology  of  the  female  sexual  organs ; 
but  ill  health  compelled  him  to  withdraw  from  the  engagement  Oct. 
6,  1875. 

Dr.  R.  M.  Bertolett  was  appointed  the  same  day.  He  resigned 
Nov.  7,  1877. 

Dr.  S.  W.  Gross  was  appointed,  Feb.  6,  1879,  for  the  three-year 
term  ending  1876,  and  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on  the  surgical 
pathology  of  tumors. 

Dr.  E.  0.  Shakespeare  was  appointed,  June  6,  1879,  for  the  term 
of  1877—8-9,  to  give  a  course  of  lectures  on  the  nature  of  inflamma- 
tion. 

Dr.  H.  Formad,  the  last  upon  whom  this  honor  has  been  con- 
ferred, was  appointed  Nov.  1,  1882,  the  subject  of  his  course  of 
lectures  being  gangrene  and  blood  poisoning. 

The  college  has  earnestly  endeavored  to  execute  every  part  of  Dr. 
Mutter's  trust ;  but  the  result  has  not  been  equal  to  the  effort,  nor  to 
probable  expectation  in  all  respects.  The  lectureship  on  surgical 
pathology  has  procured  only  eight  courses  of  ten  lectures  each  since 
its  foundation,  at  a  cost  of  at  least  $3000.  The  average  attendance 
at  any  one  course  has  not  been  stated  ;  but  it  was  never  sufficient  to 
imply  that  the  medical  community  in  general  very  highly  appreciated 
the  opportunity  of  improvement  which  they  offered. 

Whether  the  museum  is  worth  the  labor,  care,  and  money  neces- 
sarily expended  to  maintain  and  increase  it  continuously,  without 
end,  is  a  question  not  easily  answered.  While  the  usefulness  of  such 
collections  to  help  teachers  of  medical  science  in  their  demonstrations 
may  not  be  doubted,  their  value  in  possession  of  a  medical  society 
composed  chiefly  of  busily  employed  practitioners  of  medicine  and 
surgery  is  not  quite  certain.  Many  visit  the  museum  merely  to 
gratify  curiosity.  How  many  resort  to  it  only  for  study,  or  consult 
it  for  information  alone,  has  not  been  ascertained.  Possibly  the 
founder  did  not  underestimate  the  general  benefit  which  would  flow 


154  RUSCHENBERGER, 

from  his  munificent  gift ;  but,  up  to  this  time,  conclusive  evidence 
that  medical  science  has  gained  anything  from  it  is  wanting. 

THE    BUILDING    FUND. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  George  Fox,  Nov.  6,  1849,  a  committee^  was 
appointed  to  ascertain  the  probable  cost  of  a  lot,  and  the  sum  neces- 
sary to  erect  thereon  a  building  suitable  for  the  college,  and  to 
submit  a  plan  for  raising  the  money. 

The  committee  reported,  Dec.  4,  that  the  cost  of  a  lot  and  of  the 
erection  of  a  building  were  estimated  at  $20,000,  and  recommended 
that  the  securities  ($945)  now  held  by  the  college,  with  contributions 
which  might  be  received  from  fellows  and  others,  be  vested  in  a  trust, 
composed  of  three  fellows  of  the  college,  and  held  by  them  until  the 
fund  shall  amount  to  $20,000,  which  shall  be  then  expended  exclu- 
sively in  the  purchase  of  a  lot  and  the  erection  of  a  building.  The 
report  was  adopted,  and  Drs.  George  B.  Wood,  George  Fox,  and  J. 
Rodman  Paul  were  elected  trustees  of  the  building  fund,  Jan.  15,. 
1850. 

A  committee  to  solicit  contributions  was  appointed.^ 

Considered  in  connection  with  the  previous  history  of  the  college^ 
its  meagre  income  and  very  modest  expenditure  from  the  beginning, 
the  institution  of  this  building  fund  was  a  long  step  forward.  There 
was  nothing  apparent  in  the  immediate  surroundings  to  encourage 
belief  that  the  project  would  be  very  soon  realized.  Few  were  inter- 
ested in  its  success,  but  they  were  sagacious  and  patient  and  hopeful, 
and  did  all  in  their  power  to  promote  the  enterprise.  Their  work 
laid  the  foundation  of  the  stability  and  progress  of  the  college  by 
securing  for  it  a  permanent  abode,  a  fixed  home.  No  doubt  the 
fellows  then  active,  but  noAv  in  final  repose,  hopefully  awaited  the 
periodical  reports  of  the  growth  of  the  fund,  and  indulged  in  pleas- 
ing conjectures  about  the  coming  fortune  of  the  society  ;  every  fresh 
report  cheered  their  efforts  to  augment  the  sum  of  contributions,  and 

^  George  Fox,  George  B.  Wood,  Isaac  Hays,  J.  K.   Paul,  and  Charles  D. 
Meigs. 

'  Drs.  Fox,  Condie,  Moreton  Stille,  West,  and  Norri?. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS  OF  PHILADELPHIA.       155 


Jan. 

5, 

1853 

4, 

1854 

3, 

1855 

2, 

1856 

7, 

1857 

6, 

1858 

5, 

1859 

so  each  succeeding  report  was  made  better.     The  trustees  announced 
January  6,  1851,  investments  at  par  $6,546.16,  and  cash  $73.40. 

They  reported  January  6,  1852,  the  investments  at  market  rate 
17,400. 

Contributions  during  the  year  .         .     $3,795 
The  present  value  of  the  fund    .         .     11,295 

12,000 
15,000 
15,907 
18,145 
19,745 
21,545 

The  object  for  which  the  trust  was  created  had  been  attained.  The 
chairman  asked  the  fellows  of  the  college  "  to  take  sucli  action  as 
they  may  deem  best." 

Feb.  2,  1859.  Measures  were  adopted  to  continue  the  trustees  of 
the  building  fund  for  five  years.  A  committee  was  appointed, 
March  4,  to  purchase  a  lot.  It  announced,  Jan.  4,  1860,  that  a  lot 
at  the  corner  of  Thirteenth  and  Locust  Streets  had  been  bought  for 
$10,867.93,  and  the  deed  delivered  to  the  trustees  of  the  building 
fund.     The  committee  was  discharged. 

The  trustees  reported  that  the  cash  and  securities  amounted,  Jan. 
1,  1860,  to  $12,682,  and  that  the  estimated  value  of  the  whole  of 
the  property,  real  and  personal,  in  their  hands  was  $24,373.41. 

Dr.  George  B.  Wood  promised,  April  4,  to  advance  $5,000,  which 
he  thought  would  be  needed  in  addition  to  $25,000  to  be  raised,  in 
order  to  finish  the  building  in  time  to  secure  the  Miitter  legacy. 

A  committee^  was  appointed,  Dec.  5,  to  procure  plans  of  building. 

Jan.  2, 1861,  the  trustees  reported  that  the  building  fund  amounted 
to  $15,845.15;  and,  Feb.  6,  that  they  had  purchased  a  lot,  18  by 
118  feet,  joining  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  college  property,  for 
$3,540.67,  thus  securing  an  increase  of  the  site  for  the  college 
buildino;- 


Isaac  Hays,  J.  R.  Paul,  G.  W.  Norris,  Edward  Hartshorne,  and  George 


Fox. 


156  RUSCHENBERGER, 

May  8.  A  plan  of  building  was  submitted,  the  erection  of  which 
the  architect  estimated  would  cost  $28,000.  Further  consideration 
of  the  subject  was  postponed  till  the  next  meeting. 

June  5,  1861.  Dr.  Wood  said,  in  a  letter  read  at  the  meeting : 
"  The  college,  therefore,  has  to  raise  $12,000  before  they  have  the 
requisite  amount.  Cannot  this  be  done  in  any  way  ?  I  do  not,  as 
I  before  told  you,  like  the  idea  of  a  mortgage,  which,  should  any 
serious  calamity  occur  to  the  city,  might  imperil,  through  the  depre- 
ciation of  property,  the  whole  of  the  money  which  has  been  raised 
with  so  much  difficulty,  and  might  even  put  Dr.  Miitter's  museum 
in  danger." 

July  3.  The  chairman  of  the  committee  on  plans  read  a  letter 
from  Dr.  Wood,  in  which  he  urged  the  adoption  of  a  plan  of  building 
such  as  might  be  completed  within  the  means  of  the  building  fund, 
satisfy  the  terms  of  agreement  with  Dr.  Miitter,  and  be  afterward 
extended. 

Sept.  4.  A  plan  of  building  was  submitted  by  the  committee,  the 
southern  part  of  which  embraced  two  apartments  on  the  ground 
floor,  each  44  by  23  feet,  one  designed  for  lectures  and  the  other  to 
receive  the  Miitter  collections,  and  so  secure  the  bequest.  The  entire 
plan  covered  an  area  of  73  feet  on  Thirteenth  Street  by  56  feet  on 
Locust  Street. 

Oct.  2.  Swayed  by  the  idea  that  builders'  estimates  are  uncertain, 
and  that  the  fund  was  still  insufficient,  the  college  determined  that  it 
was  "not  expedient  to  take  measures  forthwith  for  the  erection  of  a 
new  hall ;"  but  resolved,  Dec.  18,  to  begin  to  build.  The  plans  were 
approved.  A  building  committee  was  appointed,  and  authorized  to 
invite  proposals  for  supplying  material  and  labor,  and  to  appoint 
W.  H.  Windrim,  architect,  to  supervise  the  proposals. 

The  trustees  stated,  Jan.  1,  1862,  that  the  market  value  of  the 
invested  fund  was  about  $10,000,  besides  rents,  cash,  and  contribu- 
tions, amounting  to  $2,268.  A  motion  that  it  was  inexpedient  at 
that  time  to  erect  a  building,  was  laid  on  the  table. 

Feb.  19,  1862.  The  committee  was  authorized  to  make  contracts 
for  the  construction  of  the  southern  part  of  the  hall,  covering  an  area 
of  78  by  56  feet,  the  whole  cost  not  to  exceed  $13,700 ;  and,  April 
2,  for  the  completion  of  the  whole  of  the  exterior,  the  ground  plan  of 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS   OF   PHILADELPHIA.       157 

which  measures  110  by  56  feet,  at  an  additional  cost  of  not  more 
than  $7,000. 

The  building  was  so  nearly  ready  to  accommodate  the  society  that 
the  managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  were  notified  in  Nov. 
1862,  that  the  college  would  give  up  the  "Picture  House"  at  the 
end  of  the  year,  or  a  month  or  two  later. 

The  college  met  in  the  new  hall  for  the  first  time,  March,  1863. 

The  final  report  of  the  trustees  of  the  building  fund  was  presented 
and  the  trust  annulled. 

The  treasurer  reported,  June  3,  that  $5,000,  loaned  on  the  security 
of  a  mortgage,  had  been  deposited  in  bank  to  the  credit  of  the  college. 
The  payment  of  interest  on  that  loan  continued  to  be  a  serious  incum- 
brance, and  there  was  no  prospect  at  any  time  that  the  society 
would  ever  be  able  to  pay  the  principal.  It  would  still  be  a  burthen, 
had  not  Dr.  George  B.  Wood  generously  provided  in  his  Avill  for  the 
extinguishment  of  the  debt. 

July  1.  The  building  committee  was  constituted  the  hall  com- 
mittee until  the  next  annual  election.  It  reported,  Jan.  6,  1864, 
that  the  hall  was  in  complete  repair,  but  the  rooms  were  unfurnished. 

The  building  committee  presented  its  final  report,  Feb.  3,  1864, 
and  was  discharged  with  a  vote  of  thanks  for  "  the  energetic  and 
successful  manner"  in  which  its  work  had  been  done. 

The  committee  reported  that  the  site  of  the  college  cost     $14,408 
Building,  paving,  etc.         ......       25,250 

Furniture,  book-cases,  gas-fixtures,  etc.        .  .          .         1,100 


Total $40,758 

"It  must  be  manifest,"  the  committee  remarks,  "that  we  have 
reason  to  be  proud  of  what  the  profession  of  our  city  has  done  for 
the  promotion  of  our  science,  the  improvement  of  the  healing  art, 
and  the  relief  of  human  suffering.  And  this  has  nearly  all  been 
accomplished  by  the  contributions  from  our  hard-worked  and  inade- 
quately compensated  profession ;  the  whole  sum  furnished  from  other 
sources  amounting  to  only  about  twenty-five  hundred  dollars. 

"  We  are  gratified,  also,  to  be  able  to  state  that  this  great  enter- 


168  RUSCHENBERGER, 

prise  has  been  .achieved  without  involving  the  college  in  any  debt 
except  the  mortgage  for  five  thousand  dollars."^ 

Not  many  years  after  the  society  was  fixed  upon  its  own  premises 
the  rate  of  increase  of  the  library  warned  the  fellows  that  room  in 
the  building  for  its  accommodation  would  be  insufficient  at  no  very 
distant  day  in  the  future.  Taught  by  past  experience  how  dis- 
couragingly  tedious  is  the  work  of  gathering  a  considerable  sum  of 
money  in  numerous  gifts  from  a  small  community,  not  many  members 
of  which  are  beyond  the  need  of  working  daily  for  support,  the 
college,  in  order  to  provide  in  time  for  the  foreseen  want,  appointed 
a  committee,"  Jan.  6,  1875,  to  devise  a  plan  for  collecting  a  building 
fund  at  the  earliest  day  practicable.  The  proposition  of  the  com- 
mittee, which  was  adopted  April  7,  was  that  all  entrance  fees  and 
any  annual  surplus  which  the  college  could  aiford,  should  be  appro- 
priated to  the  building  fund,  and  that  subscriptions,  donations,  and 
legacies  to  it  should  be  encouraged.  Dec.  1,  ^400  were  transferred 
from  the  treasury  of  the  college  to  the  fund. 

Want  of  room  increased  more  rapidly  than  the  building  fund. 

The  committee  of  the  Mutter  Museum  and  the  Hall  committee 
were  instructed,  Jan.  4,  1882,  to  inquire  "whether  part  of  the  accu- 
mulated interest  of  the  Mutter  fund  could  not  be  borrowed,  to  be 
invested  in  the  contemplated  addition  to  the  building,  and  the  re- 
mainder to  be  raised  on  mortgage  at  five  per  cent,  to  be  paid  off  by 
the  establishment  of  a  sinking  fund. 

Dr.  J.  M.  Da  Costa  presented,  March  3,  1883,  a  thousand  dollars 
to  begin  a  special  building  fund,  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
solicit  subscriptions  to  it.^ 

Feb.  6,  1884,  Dr.  Mitchell  reported  that  on  the  first  of  July  the 
available  fund  would  amount  to  about  $7515,  and  proposed  to  aug- 
ment this  sum  by  the  issue  of  bonds  for  suitable  amounts,  not  to 

1  Summary  of  the  Transactions  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Pniladelphia, 
vol.  iv.,  new  series,  1874. 

^  Drs.  George  Fox,  J.  R.  Paul,  L.  Rodman,  EUerslie  Wallace,  and  I.  Minis 
Hays. 

»  S.  Weir  Mitchell,  C.  S.  Wurts,  J.  M.  Da  Costa,  I.  Minis  Hays,  and  J.  L. 
Ludlow. 

Dr.  Da  Costa  declined,  and  Dr.  J.  C.  Wilson  was  appointed  in  his  place, 
April  4. 


A.  J.  Drexel, 

$250 

A.  H.  Moore, 

250 

J.  F.  Sinnott. 

125 

INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS  OF    PHILADELPHIA.       159 

■exceed  $20,000,  to  be  secured  to  trustees  by  a  mortgage  on  the 
building ;  $5000  of  the  bonds  to  be  purchased  by  the  committee  of 
the  Mutter  Museum,  and  the  rest  by  fellows  of  the  college. 

The  proposition  was  referred  to  the  committee  on  finance,  which 
reported  at  a  subsequent  meeting  against  its  adoption. 

A  committee  on  building  was  appointed.^ 

March  4,  1885,  the  aggregate  of  the  building  fund  was  $14,581. 

April  1.  The  thanks  of  the  college  were  presented  for  donations 
to  the  building  fund  to  Mrs.  Cyrus  McCormick,  of  Chicago,  $1000  ; 
Mr.  Hartman  Kuhn,  $500;  Mr.  Samuel  Clarkson,  $400;  Mrs. 
Mifflin  Wistar,  $100 ;  and,  April  8,  to 

Mr.  William  Disston,     $500         Mr. 
"    Ed.  H.  Fitler,  250 

"    George  W.  Childs,    250 

The  committee  on  building  was  authorized  to  proceed  at  once  to 
construct  a  third  story  on  the  hall  at  a  cost  not  exceeding  $24,500, 
exclusive  of  heating  apparatus,  and,  if  necessary  to  borrow  $6000, 
secured  by  a  mortgage  on  the  hall,  a  fellow  having  volunteered  to 
pay  the  interest  thereon  for  three  years. 

The  necessary  scaffolding  was  erected ;  the  work  of  construction, 
begun  May  27,  1885,  was  completed  May  31,  1886. 

In  Dec.  1885,  Mr.  George  W.  Childs  contributed  $2500  to  finish 
the  work. 

The  interior  was  not  completed  till  some  time  in  November. 

Thanks  to  the  generosity  of  many  of  the  fellows  and  the  bounty 
of  their  friends,  whose  contributions  exceed  $6000,  the  college  has 
enlarged  its  premises  without  incurring  any  debt,  at  a  cost  of 
$26,498.50. 

PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  COLLEGE. 

A  proclamation  to  the  people  that  the  College  of  Physicians  of 
Philadelphia  had  been  founded,  which  was  printed  in  The  Pcnnsyl- 

1  John  H.  Brinton,  E.  Hartshorne,  Ellwood  "VYilson,  J.  H.  Hutchinson,  and 
C.  S.  Wurts. 

Dr.  Hartshorne  resigned  from  the  committee  March  5,  and  Dr.  Kobert  P. 
Harris  was  appointed  in  his  place. 


160  RUSCHENBERGER, 

vania  Packet  and  Daily  Advertiser^  February  1,  1787,  with  the 
form  of  its  constitution  and  list  of  members,  was  the  first  publication 
of  the  society. 

The  college  published  an  eulogium  on  Dr.  William  Cullen  by  Dr. 
Rush,  delivered  July  9,  1790. 

A  desire  to  publish  the  Transactions  of  the  college  had  been 
long  manifest  before  its  realization  was  effected.  The  importance  of 
such  method  of  publication  Avas  comparatively  great,  because  it  was 
at  that  time  almost  the  only  way  by  Avhich  professional  essays  could 
be  presented  to  the  public.  Now,  periodicals,  issued  weekly, 
monthly,  quarterly,  are  open  to  competent  writers  on  every  imagin- 
able subject  of  special  or  general  interest  to  society. 

The  first  part  of  volume  1  of  Transactions  of  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians of  Philadelphia  Avas  published  in  July,  1793.  Among  other 
things  it  contains  a  discourse  on  the  objects  of  the  institution,  read 
before  the  college  by  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush,  Feb.  6,  1787. 

A  pamphlet  entitled  Proceedings  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of 
Philadelphia  relative  to  the  prevention  of  the  introduction  and 
spreading  of  contagious  diseases  was  published  in  1798. 

Another,  Facts  and  observations  relative  to  the  nature  and  origin 
of  the  pestilential  fever  ivhich  prevailed  in  this  city  in  1793,  1797 
and  1798.  By  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  was  issued 
in  1800. 

Dr.  Wistar's  eulogium  on  Dr.  Wm.  Shippen  delivered  in  March^ 
1809,  was  published  by  the  college  April,  1818. 

The  college  was  inactive  during  many  years.  Hoping  to  revive 
the  spirit  which  characterized  the  early  times  of  the  society,  measures 
were  adopted  to  publish  quarterly  a  summary  of  its  transactions. 
Between  Nov.  1841  and  Jan.  1850  three  volumes  were  issued  under 
the  direction  of  a  committee  on  publication. 

To  reduce  the  cost  of  production,  so  that  it  would  be  less  incon- 
venient to  defray,  an  agreement  was  made  with  a  firm  of  book  pub- 
lishers to  print  and  sell  the  work.  A  new  series  of  the  summary  of 
transactions  was  begun  Nov.  1850,  and  continued  until  the  end  of 
July,  1857.  Then,  the  importance  of  curtailing  the  expense  induced 
a  change  in  the  method  of  publication.  An  arrangement  was  made 
with  the  proprietors  and  editor  thereof  to  publish,  free  of  cost,  in 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS   OF   PHILADELPHIA.       161 

The  American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences,  the  written  and 
verbal  communications,  and  abstracts  of  discussions,  and  supply  a 
sufficient  number  of  separate  copies  for  the  use  of  the  college  after 
the  publication  of  each  number  of  the  journal.  Under  this  arrange- 
ment the  new  series  was  continued  to  the  completion  of  the  fourth 
volume,  Jan.  1874. 

In  Nov.  1874,  the  contract  with  The  American  Journal  of  the 
Medical  Sciences  was  annulled,  and  the  college  resumed  the  publica- 
tion. The  first  volume  of  the  third  series  of  the  Transactions  was 
issued  in  1875,  and  the  eighth  volume  in  1886.  Timely  and  sub- 
stantial aid  received  from  Dr.  DaCosta  in  1885,  prevented  a  threatened 
suspension  of  the  publication  for  lack  of  means. 

An  essay  on  the  yellow  fever  of  1762,  in  Philadelphia,  by  Dr. 
John  Redman,  read  Sept.  3, 1793,  was  printed  by  the  college  in  1865. 

From  first  to  last,  amendments  to  the  by-laws  of  the  society  have 
caused  them  often  to  be  printed. 

"The  charter,  constitution,  and  by-laws  of  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians of  Philadelphia,"  were  first  printed  separately  for  the  use  of 
the  fellows  in  1790.  Article  8,  Section  1,  provides  that  "no  mem- 
ber shall  divulge  the  private  transactions  of  the  college." 

A  list  of  the  names  of  the  fellows  is  contained  in  this,  as  well  as 
in  all  subsequent  issues  of  the  by-laws.  They  show  the  number  of 
fellows  at  the  date  of  publication  of  each,  as  follows : 

1790,     28  fellows.  1863,^    134  and  22  N.  R. 


1818, 

18 

1864,^ 

129 

"  23 

1834, 

31 

1870,1 

181 

"  31 

1840, 

66 

1875, 

203 

"  31 

1848, 

94 

1882, 

180 

"  24 

1856, 

119 

and  UN. 

THE 

R.  1886, 

LIBRARY. 

207 

"  31 

The  record  of  the  society  shows  that  the  question  of  forming  a 
library  was  first  formally  considered  in  1788.  A  committee  was 
appointed  in  reference  to  the  matter  June  3 ;  and  its  report  laid  on 

1  The  articles  of  agreement  between  the  college  and  Dr.  Mutter  are  appended 
to  this  edition. 

11 


162  RUSCHENBERGER, 

the  table,  July  1.  It  was  resolved  Aug.  5,  ''That  the  several  mem- 
bers of  the  college  be  requested  to  send  to  the  secretary  such  books 
as  they  mean  to  present  to  the  college." 

In  December  Dr.  John  Morgan  presented  twenty-four  volumes, 
and  added  others  in  Jan.  1789. 

The  committee  appointed  June  3,  1788,  to  prepare  a  plan  for  the 
formation  of  a  library  submitted  the  following,  which  was  adopted 
March  3,  1789:  First.  That  the  business  of  collecting  books  from 
the  members  by  way  of  donation  to  the  library,  of  procuring  a  suitable 
place  for  keeping  them,  and  a  person  to  attend  at  stated  times  for 
lending  them  to  the  members,  be  committed  to  the  Censors  and  Sec- 
retary, who  shall  consult  the  college  respecting  the  time  and  manner 
of  lending  them. 

Second.  That  on  the  first  Tuesday  of  July  of  every  year,  as  soon 
as  the  treasurer  has  made  his  annual  report  of  the  balance  remaining 
in  his  hands,  the  college  do  grant  such  sums  as  they  may  think 
proper  for  the  service  of  the  library  for  the  ensuing  year. 

These  primary  enactments  distinctly  imply  that  the  acquisition  of 
a  suitable  library  was  very  desirable  in  the  opinion  of  the  college. 

In  Oct.  1789,  Dr.  William  Shippen  presented  the  works  of  five 
authors.  Dr.  John  Morris  eight  volumes,  and  Dr.  John  Jones  several. 
In  Nov.  the  president  was  authorized  to  draw  fifty  pounds  ($133)  for 
the  purchase  of  books.  Some  were  imported  in  1790.  In  1793 
Dr.  Rush  presented  a  copy  of  Sydenham's  works.  A  copy  of  the 
catalogue  of  the  library  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  was  received 
from  Dr.  Parke  ;  and  the  pamphlets  of  the  college  were  ordered  to 
be  bound  in  1794.  In  1795  Dr.  Parke  sent  £S5  to  purchase  books, 
and  reported,  Aug.  4,  the  receipt  of  twelve  volumes  from  London. 
July  5,  1796,  a  hundred  and  twenty  dollars  were  appropriated  for 
the  use  of  the  library,  and  the  censors  were  directed,  Aug.  5,  to 
prepare  a  list  of  books  to  be  procured  in  Europe.  Books  purchased 
in  Amsterdam  arrived  in  1797  ;  and  books  of  nineteen  titles  sub- 
mitted by  the  censors  were  ordered.  In  1798  the  censors  were 
directed  to  prepare  a  list  to  be  purchased.  Between  June,  1800,  and 
July,  1818,  additions  to  the  library  were  made  by  gift  and  purchase 
every  year.  The  censors  reported,  July  7,  that  some  volumes  were 
missing,  and  recommended  that  a  catalogue  be  made.     The  committee 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS   OF  PHILADELPHIA.       163 

appointed  for  the  duty/  reported  January  5, 1819,  that  the  catalogue 
had  been  completed. 

The  number  of  books  increased  slowly.  In  1825  the  library  of 
the  Kappa  Lambda  Society  was  deposited  in  the  college.  On  their 
report  the  censors  were  directed,  Nov.  28,  1828,  to  have  the  book- 
cases repaired. 

The  library  committee  stated,  Jan.  6,  1835,  that  the  library  was 
in  bad  condition,  going  to  decay,  and  was  instructed  to  take  measures 
for  its  preservation. 

The  committee  reported,  June  7,  1836,  that,  besides  a  number  of 
unbound  pamphlets,  the  library  contained  291  volumes,  namely,  31 
folios,  67  quartos,  and  193  octavos ;  and  was  in  condition  for  use 
were  it  more  conveniently  placed. 

According  to  the  annual  reports  of  the  library  committee  from 
this  date  till  the  close  of  1843  very  few  volumes  had  been  added, 
and  the  library  was  "  rarely,  if  ever,  used." 

In  May,  1844,  the  medical  library  of  Dr.  Otto  was  purchased  for 
$200,  and  in  July  placed  in  a  room  over  the  office  of  Dr.  Hodge, 
N.  W.  corner  of  Walnut  and  Ninth  Streets.  June  4,  an  appropria- 
tion of  $50,  to  arrange  and  catalogue  the  library,  was  made ;  and 
the  library  committee  recommended  that  a  librarian  be  present  one 
hour  twice  a  month  to  loan  books. 

The  committee  reported,  June  3,  1845,  that  one  case  of  books 
stood  on  the  landing  of  the  stairway  leading  to  "our  room;"  that 
the  Otto  collection  was  at  Dr.  Hodge's  office,  and  that  the  library 
was  very  little  used.  Drs.  Bond,  Condie,  Parrish,  and  Wood  had 
presented  137  volumes  during  the  year. 

It  was  ordered,  August  5,  that  the  library  should  be  open  from 
eleven  o'clock  a.  m.  till  two  o'clock  P.  M.  Most  of  the  medical  peri- 
odicals published  in  the  United  States  and  one  from  Canada  were 
received  in  exchange  for  the  Transactions  of  the  college. 

The  Philadelphia  Medical  Society  deposited  its  library  in  the 
college  Dec.  1,  1846,  and  claimed  its  restoration  Dec.  7,  1859. 
During  this  period  the  books  were  accessible  to  the  fellows  of  the 
college. 

^  William  Currie,  Samuel  P.  Griffitts,  and  Thomas  T.  Hewson. 


164  RUSCHENBERGER, 

The  committee  reported,  March  6,  1849,  that  the  library  con- 
tinued "to  steadily  increase,"  and  was  "entitled  to  more  attention 
than  it  received." 

June  G,  1855.  The  committee  reported,  that  soon  after  the 
removal  to  Spruce  Street  the  library  had  been  rearranged  and 
catalogued,  and  that  350  volumes  had  been  added  during  the  past 
year.  Dec.  5,  Mrs.  Moreton  Stille  presented  119  volumes  as  a 
"  memorial  of  her  late  husband." 

Jan.  2,  1856,  $125  were  appropriated  for  binding,  and  the  same 
sum  for  the  use  of  the  library,  Jan.  7,  1857. 

!N^ov.  4.  The  committee  reported  the  receipt  of  more  than  900 
volumes  from  Dr.  Thos.  F.  Betton,  including  some  rare  and  impor- 
tant works ;  and,  Dec.  1,  1858,  that  the  library  contained  about 
3560  volumes,  and  during  the  past  year  had  been  much  more  fre- 
quently consulted.     The  Betton  collection  numbered  1265  volumes. 

May  4,  1859.  Ordered  that  the  library  be  open  one  evening  in 
the  week. 

June  1.  A  selection  of  books  from  the  library  of  Dr.  Bond, 
bequeathed  by  him,  had  been  received. 

Dec.  7.  The  committee  reported  that  Mrs.  Miitter  had  deposited 
40  works ;  that  397  volumes  had  been  contributed  during  the 
year ;  and  that  the  library  contained  about  4000  volumes,  besides 
pamphlets. 

Dec.  3,  1862.  The  State  Medical  Society  presented  a  complete 
set  of  its  Transactions^  and  fellows  of  the  college  192  volumes  of 
French  theses. 

Jan.  7,  1863.  The  executors  of  Dr.  Isaac  Remington  presented 
90  works,  including  195  volumes,  and  188  numbers  of  10  peri- 
odicals. 

The  library  committee  was  authorized  to  move  into  the  new 
building. 

Nov.  4.  Ordered  that  cases  be  prepared  to  receive  books  to  be 
presented  by  Dr.  Samuel  Lewis.  The  librarian  reported  the  receipt 
of  a  large  number  of  books  from  Dr.  Thos.  F.  Betton. 

March  2,  1864.  The  chairman  of  the  library  committee,  Dr. 
Alfi-ed  Stille,  read  the  following : 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS   OF   PHILADELPHIA.       165 

Feb.  27,  1864. 
My  Dear  Doctor  :  The  books  promised  to  the  college  some  time 
ago  have  been  placed  in  the  library. 

I  now  beg  to  present  them  through  you  to  the  college,  with  the 
earnest  wish  that  they  may  tend,  in  some  degree,  to  advance  its 
interests  and  usefulness. 

Very  truly  yours, 

Saml.  Lewis. 
Dr.  Alfred  Stille, 

Ohairman  of  the  Library  Committee. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Stille,  Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  the  college 
are  hereby  presented  to  Dr.  Samuel  Lewis  for  his  munificent  gift  of 
more  than  2500  volumes  of  medical  books,  and  that  they  shall  be 
preserved  as  a  separate  collection  under  the  name  of  the  Lewis 
Library. 

Drs.  Isaac  Hays,  John  H.  Packard,  and  others,  contributed  a 
number  of  books  and  pamphlets  during  1864. 

April  5,  1865.  Dr.  Samuel  Lewis  presented  a  MS.  on  the  yellow 
fever  of  1762,  by  Dr.  John  Redman,  which  was  referred  to  the  pub- 
lication committee  with  power. 

Sept.  25.  Mr.  George  Ord  presented  his  general  library  to  the 
college  on  condition  that  the  books  be  safely  kept  in  the  building  of 
the  institution.  Mr.  Ord  died  before  the  library  was  delivered,  and 
the  college  paid  $330  collateral  inheritance  tax  on  its  appraised 
value,  in  Feb.  1866.  Subsequently,  July  5,  1882,  it  was  sold  for 
$550,  which  were  ordered  to  be  expended  in  the  purchase  of  desirable 
books  to  be  credited  to  the  bounty  of  Mr.  George  Ord. 

April  4,  1866.  In  order  that  the  library  might  be  open  daily,  Dr. 
George  B.  Wood  agreed  to  give  $500  annually,  as  stated  in  the  fol- 
lowing communication: 

March  17,  1886. 

My  Dear  Doctor: 

It  has  occurred  to  me  that  the  library  of  the  college  of  physicians 
is  not  so  useful  to  the  fellows  as  it  ought  to  be,  in  consequence  of  the 


166  RUSCHENBERGER, 

short  space  of  time  during  which  it  is  accessible.  It  often  happens 
that  a  practitioner  wishes  to  decide  some  point  hastily  by  consulting 
the  books ;  or  he  may  have  a  leisure  hour  or  two  Avhich  he  could 
very  profitably  spend  in  a  large  medical  library ;  or  he  may  be 
investigating  a  point  in  relation  to  which  it  may  be  expedient  to 
glance  at  a  large  number  of  authorities ;  in  short,  it  would  be  easy 
to  indicate  many  ways  in  which  our  great  collection  might  be  made 
much  more  serviceable  than  it  now  is,  if  the  library  could  be  kept 
longer  open.  Knowing  that  the  college  has  little  money  to  spare,  I 
have  thought  that  1  could  not  better  dispose  of  a  portion  of  my 
income  than,  with  the  approval  and  under  the  direction  of  the  college, 
to  apply  it  to  this  purpose.  I  would,  therefore,  propose  to  pay  annu- 
ally to  the  treasurer  of  the  college  five  hundred  dollars,  provided 
that  with  this  sum  arrangements  can  be  made  for  keeping  the  library 
open  every  day,  Sundays  excepted,  throughout  the  year,  from  9  or 
10  A.M.  to  2  or  3.  P.M. ;  the  rooms  being  comfortably  warmed,  and 
the  librarian,  or  an  assistant,  present  to  hand  the  books  wanted,  and 
attend  generally  to  the  interests  of  the  concern. 

In  the  uncertainty  of  human  afiairs,  it  might  happen,  from  unfore- 
seen misfortunes,  that  it  would  be  inconvenient  to  me  to  pay  this 
sum  ;  and  I  am  compelled,  therefore,  to  ask  of  the  college  an  accept- 
ance of  the  grant  subject  to  this  contingency.  If  the  college  will, 
with  this  limitation,  receive  the  proposed  payment  for  the  purpose 
mentioned,  and  direct  and  superintend  its  application,  I  assure  you 
that  I  shall  consider  that  they  are  doing  me  a  favor. 

I  shall  probably  be  unable  to  be  present  at  the  next  meeting,  and 
I  would  thank  you,  if  you  find  the  proposed  measure  in  accordance 
with  your  own  views  of  what  may  be  expedient  in  the  case,  to  bring 
the  subject  before  the  college  for  their  consideration. 

Sincerely  your  friend, 

George  B.  Wood. 
Dr.  Isaac  Hays. 

May  2,  1866.  Dr.  Wood  presented  the  portraits  of  three  of  the 
former  presidents  of  the  college. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF  PHYSICIANS    OF  PHILADELPHIA.       167 

Jan.  1,  1868.   The  library  committee  reported  the  state  of  the 
library  as.  follows : 

Volumes. 

Ord  Library  .  .         .     2,068 

Lewis  Library        .  .  .     3,229,  increase  264. 

East  room     .         .         .         .     3,299 

West    "        .         .  .         .     3,98T        "       387. 


12,583 
Duplicates     ....        591,  decrease     65 
Volumes  loaned  from  Dec.  1,  1865,  to  Dec.  1,  1866,  197. 
"  "        "         "        1866,       "  1867,  388. 

Feb.  5.  Mr.  Ferdinand  Coxe  presented  a  MS.  note  book  of  Dr. 
John  Redman. 

March  4.  Ordered  that  $500  be  invested,  including  a  donation  of 
$445.90  from  the  Philadelphia  Medical  Society,  and  that  the  interest 
thereof  be  applied,  in  accordance  with  the  condition  of  the  gift,  to 
increase  the  library  of  the  college.^ 

July  2,  1879.  Books  bequeathed  to  the  college  by  Dr.  George  B. 
Wood  were  received. 

Nov.  5,  1880.  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell  presented  a  thousand  dollars 
to  establish  a  Journal  Fund,  or  for  such  other  disposition  of  its 
income  for  the  benefit  of  the  library  as  the  college  may  from  time  to 
time  determine. 

The  treasurer  was  directed  to  invest  the  gift  and  keep  it  separate 
under  the  title  of  the  Weir  Mitchell  Library  Fund.     Dr.  Mitchell 

'  The  Philadelphia  Medical  Society,  founded  1789,  was  discontinued  in  1868. 
Its  archives  are  in  the  college  In  The  Medical  News,  Jan.  1843,  is  the  follow- 
ing: "The  Philadelphia  Medical  Society,  for  example,  a  naere  acorn  once,  has 
grown  into  a  huge  oak  whose  branches  extend  from  the  north  to  the  south  of 
this  Union,  and  whose  motto  might  have  been  quantum  latet,  in  allusion  to  its 
origin,  instead  of  ea;  collisione  scintilla.  This  society  had  a  very  humble  begin- 
ning; its  junior  members  held  their  meetings  in  Lyttle's  school  house,  a  small 
frame  building  next  to  Geni.  Cadwalader's  house,  south  Second  Street,  below 
Spruce  Street;  each  junior  member  carried  his  candle  with  him,  and  friend 
Lyttle's  ink  pots,  in  the  desks,  were  the  sockets  for  our  candles ;  then  and  there 
were  discussed,  as  we  thought,  learnedly,  of  course,  the  merits  of  the  CuUenian 
and  Brunonian  doctrines." 


168  RUSCHENBERGER, 

made  a  second  contribution  of  one  thousand  dollars  to  this  fund 
March  1,  1882. 

Feb.  2,  1881.  Miss  Emily  Thomas  began  to  make  a  card  catalogue 
of  the  library. 

Jan.  4,  1882.  Mrs.  Helen  C.  Jenks  presented  a  large  number  of 
medical  books. 

Nov.  5,  1884.  Dr.  Alfred  Stille  presented  695  volumes. 

April  1,  1885.  The  Samuel  D.  Gross  library  of  the  Academy  of 
Surgery  was  deposited  :  it  is  to  be  the  property  of  the  college  on  the 
dissolution  of  the  academy. 

Dr.  I.  Minis  Hays  presented  901 ;  and,  Jan.  6,  1886,  Mr.  George 

1.  McKelway  166  volumes. 

June  2, 1886.  Mrs.  J.  F.  Weightman  presented  512  volumes,  351 
of  which  were  new  to  the  library.  With  few  exceptions  they  all 
treat  of  ophthalmological  subjects,  and  with  the  Lewis  collection 
make  the  library  very  full  in  this  department. 

Mr.  William  Weightman  presented,  Jan.  1887,  $1000,  on  condi- 
tion that  the  income  from  the  investment  thereof  be  used  to  purchase 
books  on  ophthalmic  surgery  to  be  added  to  the  collection  given  by 
the  widow  of  Dr.  Weightman. 

The  Parry  library  and  the  obstetrical  library  were  received  June 

2,  1886,  as  a  permanent  deposit,  the  books  to  be  catalogued  and 
cared  for  as  a  part  of  the  college  library,  to  be  used  by  the  fellows, 
and  members  of  the  Obstetrical  Society  of  Philadelphia. 

At  the  close  of  1886,  the  contents  of  the  library  were  as  follows  :^ 


Volumes. 

Volumes. 

General  library, 

20,016 

and  duplicates. 

1,718 

Lewis          " 

9,276 

Mutter        " 

94 

On  special  deposit : 

Sam'l  D.  Gross  library. 

3,250 

u 

1,882 

H.  Lenox  Hodge     " 

1,665 

Obstetrical                " 

33 

ii 

326 

34,284  3,926 

^  Annual  Kcport  of  the  Honorary  Librarian,  November  1,  1886. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF   PHILADELPHIA.       169 

A  journal  club  or  association  was  formed  in  March,  1871,  Avhicli 
lias  since  annually  contributed  to  the  library  16  medical  periodicals. 
The  Weir  Mitchell  fund  supplies  14.  Twenty-two  journals,  and 
the  transactions  of  20  societies  are  received  in  exchange  for  the 
transactions  of  the  college.  Many  come  from  other  sources,  so  that 
the  recent  issues  of  about  200  American  and  foreign  periodicals  are 
constantly  on  the  racks  or  tables. 

These  records  of  medical  thoughts,  creeds,  and  facts,  past  and 
present,  here  gathered  together,  constitute  a  source  of  knowledge, 
long  ago  opened  and  enriched,  from  time  to  time,  both  by  modest 
and  generous  gifts  from  philanthropic  men  according  to  their  means. 
They  afford  opportunity  to  all  who  desire  to  avail  themselves  of  it 
to  help  themselves  to  information.  Their  use  is  not  restricted  to 
the  fellows  of  the  college.  Any  respectable  person  may  freely  con- 
sult them  under  the  rules. 

The  utility  of  a  library  is  measured  by  the  numbers  who  resort  to 
it.  If  it  be  true  that  "  supply  creates  demand,"  the  number  of  readers 
should  increase  proportionately  to  the  number  of  books  placed  at 
their  service. 

The  library  has  a  progressive  rate  of  increase  which  is  great. 
Unless  abated  or  arrested,  which  does  not  now  seem  likely,  need  of 
room  for  its  accommodation  is  sure  to  come.  Foreseeing  the  ap- 
proach of  that  need,  possibly  afar  off,  provision  to  meet  it  might  be 
prudently  made  now,  by  starting  a  building  fund — a  plant  of  slow 
growth  at  best — to  be  ready  not  alone  for  construction,  but  also  to 
extend  the  site  for  building  whenever  opportunity  may  offer.  The 
entrance  fees,  and  balances  of  every  description  annually  appropri- 
ated to  it,  under  an  economical  administration  of  the  affairs  of  the 
college  in  every  department,  might  accumulate  a  very  respectable 
fund  by  the  time  it  will  be  wanted — ten  or  fifteen  years  hence. 

DIRECTORY  FOR  NURSES. 

Feb.  1,  1882.  On  motion  of  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell  a  committee 
was  appointed  to  inquire  whether  the  college  shall  assume  the  duty 
of  establishinsr  a  resistration  for  nurses. 


170 


RUSCHENBERGER, 


The  committee  instructed  to  organize  a  Directory  for  Nurses' 
reported,  March  1,  that  more  than  a  thousand  dollars  had  been 
subscribed  to  secure  the  object  by 


Mrs.  E.  W.  Biddle, 

"  T.  W.  Biddle, 

"  Clarence  Clarke, 

"  Coles, 

"  A.  F.  Franciscus, 

"  G.  L.  Harrison, 

"  Harry  Hart, 

"  Lippincott, 

"  Thos.  McKean, 

"  Mitchell, 

Mr.  A.  Biddle, 

"  G.  W.  Childs, 

"  D.  B.  Cummings, 

"  A.  J.  iJrexel, 

"  W.  Keid  Fisher, 


Mrs.  Powers, 

"  W.  H.  Rawle, 

"  Rhoads, 

"  T.  A.  Scott, 

"  G.  Roberts  Smith, 

"  W.  P.  Tatham, 

"  Tobias  Wagner, 

"  J.  Lowber  Welsh, 

"  C.  Wister. 

Mr.  A.  Haller  Gross, 

"  H.  C.  Lea, 

"  J.  S.  Newbold, 

"  Wm.  Rawle, 

"  Howard  Roberts, 


Miss  Bohlen, 

"  Fox, 

"  Mary  R.  Fox, 

"  Meredith, 

"  Paul, 

"  Mary  Paul, 

"  Pendleton, 

"  C.  M.  Rush, 

"  Mary  Rush. 

Mr,  C.  Piatt, 

Dr.  C.  B.  Cadwalader, 

"  J.  H.  Hutchinson, 

"  Samuel  Lewis, 

"  J.  F.  Meigs. 


Arrangements  were  completed  and  the  office  opened  for  business, 
May  15. 

Miss  Emily  Thomas  was  elected  Secretary  Feb.  7,  1883, 

The  Directory  for  Nurses  is  under  the  direct  control  of  a  com- 
mittee of  three  fellows  of  the  college,  annually  elected,  assisted  by 
four  ladies  appointed  by  the  committee. 

The  ladies  first  appointed  assistants  were  Mrs.  ]M.  Fulton,  Mrs. 
Theodore  Justice,  Mrs.  S.  Weir  Mitchell,  and  Miss  S.  Stevenson. 
Mrs.  Moncure  Robinson  was  appointed,  March  3,  1885,  in  place  of 
Mrs.  Fulton,  resigned.  No  other  change  has  been  made  in  the  com- 
mittee first  selected. 

For  a  moderate  fee,  skilled  nurses,  both  male  and  female,  are 
quickly  furnished  on  personal  application ;  also,  by  telegraph  from 
distant  points,  or  by  telephone  in  urgent  cases.  The  office  is  open 
at  all  hours. 

About  500  names  are  on  the  register  of  nurses  in  the  directory. 
Of  these  86  are  male,  and  175  are  graduates  of  training  schools. 
During  the  year  1886,  1155  applicants  were  supplied  with  nurses. 

The  income  of  the  directory  exceeds  its  expenses.  The  surplus  is 
annually  appropriated  to  the  use  of  the  library. 


1  W.  W.  Keen,  Albert  H.  Smith,  S.  Weir  Mitchell. 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF    PHILADELPHIA.       171 


ENTERTAINMENT  FUND. 

Nov.  7,  1877.  On  motion  of  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell,  seconded  by 
Dr.  S.  D.  Gross,  the  council  was  requested  to  consider  whether  it  is 
advisable  that  the  President  should  give,  at  the  expense  of  the  col- 
lege, a  reception  in  the  hall  once  each  year.  The  council  reported, 
Jan.  2,  1878,  that  the  state  of  the  treasury  alone  rendered  the  prop- 
osition inexpedient. 

Feb.  7,  1883.  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell  presented  five  thousand 
dollars  to  establish  an  Entertainment  Fund. 

The  first  fruit  of  this  generous  gift  was  a  reception  given,  Sept.  8, 
1884,  by  the  college  to  the  medical  members  of  the  American  and 
British  Associations  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  assembled 
together  in  Philadelphia  at  that  time. 

A  dinner  was  given,  with  the  aid  of  the  fund,  April  14,  1886,  at 
which  the  loving-cup  presented  to  the  college  by  some  ladies,  at  a 
suggestion  of  Dr.  Mitchell,  was  introduced  and  used  for  the  first 

CELEBRATION  OF  THE  CENTENNIAL  ANNIVERSARY.  » .^ 

In  accordance  with  the  plan  devised  by  a  committee,  appointed 
for  the  purpose  Nov.  5,  1885,^  the  president  of  the  college,  S.  Weir 
Mitchell,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  delivered  a  "  Commemorative  Address," 
Monday,  January  3,  1887,  at  7.30  P.  m.  in  Association  Hall  (S.  E. 
corner  of  Chestnut  and  Fifteenth  Streets),  in  presence  of  the  fellows 
of  the  college  and  many  distinguished  guests.  After  the  address,  at 
nine  o'clock,  there  was  a  general  reception  in  the  hall  of  the  College 
of  Physicians. 

1  Sir  Matthew  Hale  said,  the  pledge  of  any  health  is  one  of  the  greatest  arti- 
fices of  drinkins:  and  leads  to  quarrelling  in  the  kingdom. 

*  Committee  on  Centennial  Anniversary,  Nov.  5,  1884.  Alfred  Stilly,  I. 
Minis  Hays,  S.  Weir  Mitchell,  S.  W.  Gross,  and  J.  Ewing  Mears. 

Diflferent  days  were  proposed  for  the  celebration.  Some  suggested  September, 
some  April,  and  others  fixed  upon  January  2,  1887,  because,  according  to  precise 
reckoning  of  time,  that  is  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  first  meeting  of  the 
society  which  is  recorded.  The  college  decided,  Sept.  1,  1886,  by  a  vote  of  59 
to  41,  that  January  2d  was  the  appropriate  date  of  the  centennial  anniversary. 


172  RUSCHENBERGER, 

A  special  meeting  of  the  college  was  held  at  noon  Tuesday,  Jan. 
4,  1887. 

Professor  Alfred  Stille,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  delivered  an  address, 
"Reminiscences  of  the  College." 

Eleven  recently  elected  associate  fellows  were  individually  intro- 
duced. The  president,  appropriately  addressing  each  in  turn,  deliv- 
ered to  him  a  diploma  of  his  associate  fellowship. 

Then,  Professor  J.  M.  Da  Costa,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  welcomed  them 
all  to  the  college  roll  in  an  address. 

As  soon  as  the  meeting  adjourned  those  present  were  entertained 
at  luncheon  in  the  department  from  which  the  Mutter  Museum  had 
been  very  recently  removed. 

At  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening  a  hundred  and  twenty  fellows, 
associates  and  guests  of  the  college  assembled  in  a  hall  of  the  Union 
League  (Broad  and  Sansom  Streets)  and  dined.  There  were  toasts, 
the  loving  cup  was  circulated,  and  speeches  were  made.  The  com- 
pany separated  at  midnight. 

From  ten  o'clock  A.  M.  till  five  o'clock  p.  m.  on  Wednesday  and 
Thursday,  Jan.  5th  and  6th,  a  collection  of  portraits  of  eminent 
physicians  and  objects  of  professional  interest,  borrowed  for  the 
occasion,  were  exhibited  in  the  hall  of  the  college  to  hundreds  of 
visitors. 

The  demonstrations  of  satisfaction,  and  the  interchange  of  cheering 
words  about  them,  among  the  fellows  and  their  friends,  because  the 
College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  still  of  good  repute,  had 
attained  the  age  of  a  hundred  years,  closed  with  this  display.  Atten- 
tion of  the  local  public  had  been  attracted.  The  institution  was 
published  more  Avidely  than  it  had  been.  The  centennial  celebra- 
tion, which  in  no  sense  affected  the  intrinsic  worth  of  the  college, 
simply  made  its  existence  more  broadly  known  in  the  community, 
and  in  some  degree  spread  knowledge  of  its  value  as  an  agency  in 
fostering  the  cultivation  of  medical  science  in  many  ways — an  object 
of  much  general  importance,  which  is  not  justly  appreciated,  nor 
encouraged  as  it  deserves  to  be  outside  of  the  profession. 

In  comparing  the  past  with  the  present,  the  fellows  of  the  col- 
lege at  this  time  may  find  reason  to  be  boastful,  if  sedate  men  may 


INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE   OF    PHYSICIANS   OF    PHILADELPHIA.      173 

ever  boast  at  all.  Several  cotemporaneous  medical  societies  in  the 
city,  ably  conducted,  tried  for  years  to  secure  permanency,  each 
hoping  all  the  while  to  own  a  hall  and  in  it  a  library  and  museum. 
Some  of  those  societies,  after  ten,  twenty,  fifty,  or  more  years' 
activity  ceased  to  exist.  With  a  single  exception,  all  of  them  were 
discontinued  without  possessions  to  divide  or  bequeath.  They  left 
no  sign  of  substantial  progress,  or  evidence  that  they  had  contributed 
to  the  advancement  of  medical  science.  Their  failure,  in  some  mys- 
terious way  free  from  a  spirit  of  exultation,  imparts  a  zest  to  our 
success,  rendering  apt  La  Rochefoucault's  assertion,  that  there  is 
something  pleasant  in  the  contemplation  of  the  misfortunes  of  our 
best  friends. 

At  the  close  of  1849,  when  the  society  had  existed  sixty-three 
years,  including  the  founders,  180  fellows  had  been  elected.  As  a 
rule,  they  were  dignified  men,  without  exuberant  estimate  of  them- 
selves, and  therefore  free  from  the  littleness  of  self-commendation, 
notable  for  persevering  and  industrious  ways,  probity  and  frugality, 
discernment,  caution,  and  professional  ability,  qualities  which  secured 
general  confidence  and  respect,  and  enabled  them  to  surmount  ob- 
stacles which  insufficient  means  from  time  to  time  opposed  to  the 
progress  of  the  society.  They  laid  the  foundation  of  the  respecta- 
bility, the  reputation  of  the  college,  and  sustained  it.  Its  present 
satisfactory  condition  is  ascribable  largely  to  their  acumen  and 
wisely  prudent  management,  without  which  occasion  for  a  centennial 
celebration  might  have  never  come.  The  building  fund,  started  in 
1849,  strengthened  the  attractions  and  ties  of  fellowship,  and  by  its 
completion  gave  stability  to  the  institution. 

More  than  twenty-eight  hundred  dollars,  contributed  by  the  fel- 
lows, were  expended  on  this  rare  anniversary.  A  comparison  of  the 
state  of  the  college  a  hundred  years  ago  with  its  present  condition 
may  be  interesting  in  this  connection.  The  annual  contributions 
paid  by  the  fellows  during  the  year  1787  amounted  to  |54,  and  the 
entrance  fees  to  $216.  With  such  moderate  income  the  college 
willingly  accepted  the  use  of  a  room  for  its  meetings  in  the  Academy, 
rent  free,  during  nearly  five  years.  To  obtain  more  convenient 
accommodations  the  entrance  fee  was  increased  to  =£10,  or  $26.66, 
and  the  annual  contribution  was  doubled.     In  December,  1791,  the 


174       INSTITUTION    OF    COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

college  leased  a  room  in  tlie  hall  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society  for  three  years  and  a  half,  ending  June  10,  1794,  paying 
the  rent  for  the  whole  term  in  advance,  $79.80,  at  the  rate  of 
little  less  than  $23  a  year.  The  furniture  of  that  room  cost  the 
college  $72. 

Neither  Redman,  nor  Morgan,  nor  Shippen,  nor  Kuhn,  nor  any 
founder,  ever  dreamed  of  or  foresaw  the  day  when  the  college  would 
willingly  see  expended  in  the  celebration  of  one  anniversary  of  the 
institution  five  or  six  time  as  much  as  the  income  of  a  whole  year  of 
that  period.  The  fellows  of  the  olden  time  were  careful  that  the 
slender  income  of  the  college  should  not  be  expended  for  any  pur- 
pose unlikely  to  promote  the  objects  for  Avhich  the  society  was  insti- 
tuted— to  increase  and  diffuse  knowledge  of  the  healing  art.  They 
did  not  consider  that  the  intervention  of  college  festivity  on  any 
occasion  was  necessary  to  ease  the  task  or  enhance  the  worth  of  the 
labors  of  the  fellows,  or  promote  the  interests  of  the  institution. 
Their  acts  and  words,  as  the  record  shows,  imply  that  such  was  their 
opinion.  They  were  right ;  but  changed  conditions  justify  different 
conduct.  Had  they  been  present  with  us  (wearing  queues  as  of 
old),  they  might  have  called  our  attention  to  the  ancient  views  of  the 
college  on  temperance,  and  turned  away ;  or  they  might  have  cheer- 
fully acquiesced  in  the  methods  of  the  present  day,  and  congratulated 
the  college  on  its  prosperity,  the  contents  of  its  published  Transac- 
tions, the  possession  of  a  great  library  and  museum ;  and  possibly 
have  been  pleased  to  join  in  rejoicing  over  the  harvest  grown  from 
seeds  of  their  planting. 


APPENDIX. 


FORM   OP  THE   CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   C0LLE(5E   OF   PHYSICIANS 
OF   PHILADELPHIA,  JANUARY   2,    1787. 

The  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  influenced  by  a  conviction  of  many  ad- 
vantages that  have  arisen  in  every  country  from  Literary  institutions,  have 
associated  themselves  under  the  name  and  title  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
of  Philadelphia. 

The  objects  of  this  College  are,  to  advance  the  Science  of  Medicine,  and 
thereby  to  lessen  Human  Misery,  by  investigating  the  diseases  and  remedies 
which  are  peculiar  to  our  Country,  by  observing  the  effects  of  different 
seasons,  climates,  and  situations  upon  the  Human  body,  by  recording  the 
changes  that  are  produced  in  diseases  by  the  progress  of  Agriculture,  Arts, 
Population,  and  Manners,  by  searching  for  Medicines  in  our  Woods, 
Waters,  and  the  bowels  of  the  Earth,  by  enlarging  our  avenues  to  knowl- 
edge ;  from  the  discoveries  and  publications  of  foreign  Countries ;  by  ap- 
pointing stated  times  for  Literary  intercourse  and  communications,  and  by 
cultivating  order  and  uniformity  in  the  practice  of  Physick. 

For  the  purpose  of  obtaining  these  objects,  the  following  Kules  have  been 
adopted : 

1st.  The  College  shall  consist  of  twelve  Senior  Fellows  and  of  an  indefi- 
nite number  of  junior  Fellows  and  Associates. 

2d.  The  Senior  and  junior  Fellows  shall  reside  in  the  City  or  District  of 
Southwark,  or  Liberties  of  Philadelphia. 

3d.  The  Associates  shall  consist  of  such  persons  of  merit  in  the  profession 
of  Medicine  who  do  not  live  within  the  limits  described  for  Fellows,  without 
any  regard  to  Diversity  of  Nation  or  Religion. 

4th.  The  junior  Fellows  shall  consist  of  such  Practitioners  of  Physic  as  are 
of  good  moral  character  and  decent  deportment,  and  who  are  not  under 
twenty-four  years  of  age. 

5th.  The  Senior  Fellows  shall  be  chosen  from  among  the  Juniors,  by  the 
Seniors  only,  within  one  month  after  a  vacancy  is  declared.  The  Junior 
Fellows  and  Associates  shall  be  chosen  by  the  joint  votes  of  all  the  Fellows. 
Three-fourths  of  the  whole  number  of  Senior  Fellows  shall  concur  in  the 
admission  of  Seniors,  and  three-fourths  of  the  Fellows  shall  concur  in  the 
admission  of  Juniors  and  Associates. 


176  APPENDIX. 

6th.  All  Laws,  Regulations,  and  Appointments  to  offices  shall  be  made  by 
a  Majority  of  the  joint  votes  of  all  the  Fellows. 

Tth.  The  officers  of  the  College  shall  consist  of  a  President,  Vice-President, 
four  Censors,  a  Treasurer,  and  Secretary,  who  shall  be  chosen  annually  from 
amongst  the  Senior  Fellows  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  July. 

8th.  The  Stated  Meetings  of  the  College  shall  be  on  the  first  Tuesday 
in  every  month. 

Besides  these  meetings,  the  President,  or  in  his  absence  or  indisposition 
the  Vice-President,  shall  have  power  to  call  extraordinary  meetings  whenever 
important  or  unexpected  business  shall  require,  of  which  he  shall  be  the 
judge. 

It  shall  likewise  be  in  the  power  of  any  six  Fellows  of  the  College  who 
concur  in  their  desires  of  a  meeting  to  authorize  the  President  or,  in  his 
absence,  the  Vice-President  to  call  it. 

9th.  The  business  of  the  Censors  shall  be  to  inspect  the  Records  and 
examine  the  accounts  and  expenditures  of  the  College  and  report  thereon ; 
and  all  communications  made  to  the  Society,  after  being  read  at  one  of 
their  stated  meetings,  shall  be  referred  to  the  Censors,  and  such  other 
members  of  the  College  as  shall  be  nominated  for  the  purpose  to  examine 
and  report  thereon  to  the  College,  who  shall  determine  by  a  vote  taken  by 
Ballot,  on  the  propriety  of  publishing  them  in  their  transactions. 

10th.  The  business  of  the  Secretary  shall  be  to  keep  minutes  of  the  meet- 
ings and  transactions  of  the  Society,  and  to  record  them  in  a  Book  provided 
for  that  purpose.  Likewise  to  receive  and  preserve  all  books  and  papers 
belonging,  and  letters  addressed  to  the  College. 

11th.  The  business  of  the  Treasurer  shall  be  to  receive  all  the  monies  of 
the  College,  and  to  pay  them  to  the  order  of  the  President  or  Vice- 
President  only,  which  order  shall  be  the  Voucher  of  his  expenditures. 

12th.  Every  member  of  the  College  shall  have  a  certificate  of  his  election, 
with  the  seal  of  the  College  affixed  thereto,  signed  by  the  President  and  Vice- 
President,  and  countersigned  by  the  Censors  and  Secretary.  The  style  of 
the  certificates  and  all  addresses  from  the  College,  shall  be  as  follows :  The 
President  (or  the  Vice-President),  and  College  of  Phj'sicians  of  Philadelphia. 

13th.  No  associate  who  comes  to  reside  within  the  limits  mentioned  in  the 
Second  Rule  shall  be  admitted  to  a  Fellowship  in  the  College  without  being 
elected  in  the  manner  prescribed  for  the  admission  of  Junior  Fellows.  No 
new  member  shall  be  chosen  who  has  not  been  proposed  at  a  previous  stated 
meeting. 

14th.  No  Law  or  Regulation  shall  be  adopted  that  has  not  been  proposed 
at  a  previous  stated  meeting,  nor  shall  any  part  of  the  Constitution  be  altered 
without  being  proposed  for  consideration  for  three  months.  The  President, 
or  the  Vice-President  when  he  takes  the  chair,  shall  have  no  vote,  except  in 
questions  where  there  is  an  equal  division  of  voices. 

Two-fifths  of  the  Fellows  shall  be  a  quorum  for  all  Business,  except  the 


APPENDIX.  177 

election  of  nembers,  the  expenditure  of  money,  the  making  of  Laws,  or  the 
altering  of  the  Constitution  ;  in  the  three  last  cases,  a  majority  of  the  Fellows 
shall  be  a  quorum. 

15th.  Every  Fellow  upon  his  admission  shall  subscribe  to  the  above  Rules, 
as  a  Testimony  of  his  consent  to  be  bound  by  them.  He  shall  at  the  same 
time  pay  into  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer  the  sum  of  eight  dollars,  towards 
establishing  a  fund  for  the  use  of  the  College ;  he  shall  likewise  pay  two  dol- 
lars annually  for  the  same  purpose. 

Senior  Fellows. 

John  Morgan,  Gerard  Clarkson, 

John  Redman,  Samuel  Duffield, 

John  Jones,  Thomas  Parke, 

William  Shippen,  jr.,  James  Hutchinson, 

Adam  Kuhn,  Greorge  Glentworth, 

Benj'n  Rush,  Abra  :  Chovet. 

Junior  Fellows. 

Andrew  Ross,  Nathan  Dorsey, 

Wm.  W.  Smith,        .  B.  Duffield, 

James  Hall,  John  Carson, 

William  Clarkson,  John  Foulke, 

William  Currie,  Robt.  Harris, 

Benj'n  Say,  John  R.  B.  Rodgers, 

Samuel  P.  Griffitts,  Caspar  Wistar,  Jun'r, 

J.  Morris,  Jas.  Cunningham. 

This  first  constitution,  signed  by  the  12  senior  and  16  junior  fellows,  was 
superseded  by  an  amended  form,  submitted  by  "a  member"  Aug.  7,  1887, 
and  adopted  Nov.  6,  when  17  members  were  present.  No  change  was  made 
in  the  preamble.  The  following  rules  were  substituted  for  those  of  the  first 
constitution. 

1 .  The  college  shall  consist  of  fellows  and  associates. 

2.  The  fellows  shall  consist  of  practitioners  of  physic  of  character  in  their 
profession  who  reside  in  the  city,  or  district  of  Southwark,  or  Liberties  of 
Philadelphia,  and  are  not  under  twenty-four  years  of  age. 

3.  The  associates  shall  consist  of  persons  of  merit  in  the  profession  of 
medicine  who  do  not  live  within  the  limits  above  described. 

4.  Three-fourths  of  the  whole  number  of  fellows  shall  concur  in  the  admis- 
sion of  a  fellow  or  associate. 

5.  The  officers  of  the  college  shall  consist  of  a  president,  vice-president, 
four  censors,  a  treasurer  and  secretary,  who  shall  be  chosen  annually,  from 
amongst  the  fellows,  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  July. 

12 


178  APPENDIX. 

tj.  The  stated  meetings  shall  be  on  the  first  Tuesday  of  every  ii  onth.^  Be- 
sides these  meetings  the  president,  or  in  case  of  his  absence  or  indisposition, 
the  vice-president,  shall  have  power  to  call  extraordinary  meetings,  whenever 
important  or  unexpected  business  shall  require,  of  which  he  shail  be  the 
judge.  It  shall  likewise  be  in  the  power  of  any  six  fellows  of  the  college  who 
concur  in  their  desires  for  a  meeting  to  authorize  the  president,  or  in  case  of 
his  absence  or  indisposition,  the  vice-president,  to  call  it. 

7.  The  business  of  the  censors  shall  be  to  inspect  the  records  and  examine 
the  accounts  and  expenditures  of  the  college  and  report  thereon ;  and  all 
communications  made  to  the  society,  after  being  read  at  one  of  their  stated 
meetings,  shall  be  referred  to  the  censors  and  such  other  members  of  the  col- 
lege as  shall  be  nominated  for  the  purpose,  to  examine  and  report  thereon  to 
the  college,  who  shall  determine  by  a  vote,  taken  by  ballot,  on  the  propriety 
of  publishing  them  in  their  transactions. 

8.  The  business  of  the  secretary  shall  be  to  keep  the  minutes  of  all  the 
meetings  and  transactions  of  the  society  and  to  record  them  in  a  book  pro- 
vided for  that  purpose.  Likewise  to  receive  and  preserve  all  books  and  papers 
belonging,  and  letters  addressed  to  the  college. 

9.  The  business  of  the  treasurer  shall  be  to  receive  all  the  monies  of  the 
college,  and  pay  them  to  the  order  of  the  president  or  vice-president  only, 
which  order  shall  be  the  voucher  for  his  expenditures. 

10.  Every  member  of  the  college  shall  have  a  certificate  of  his  election, 
with  the  seal  of  the  college  affixed  thereto,  signed  by  the  president  and  vice- 
president,  and  countersigned  by  the  censors  and  secretary.  The  style  of  the 
certificates,  and  all  addresses  from  the  college  shall  be  as  follows :  The  presi- 
dent, vice-president,  and  college  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia. 

11.  No  associate  who  comes  to  reside  within  the  limits  mentioned  in  the 
second  rule  shall  be  admitted  to  fellowship  in  the  college,  without  being 
elected  in  the  manner  prescribed  for  the  admission  of  fellows.  No  new  mem- 
ber shall  be  chosen  who  has  not  been  proposed  at  a  previous  stated  meeting. 

12.  No  law  nor  regulation  shall  be  adopted  that  has  not  been  proposed  at 
a  previous  stated  meeting,  nor  shall  any  part  of  the  constitution  be  altered 
without  being  proposed  for  consideration  for  three  months.  The  president 
or  vice  president  when  he  takes  the  chair  shall  have  no  vote,  except  in  ques- 
tions where  there  is  an  equal  division  of  voices.  Two  fifths  of  the  fellows 
shall  be  a  quorum  for  all  ordinary  business  ;'^   but  for  the  expenditure  of 

1  This  rule  was  amended  April  6,  1852.  It  was  ordered  tliat  hereafter  the 
meetings  of  the  college  shall  be  held  on  the  first  Wednesday  instead  of  the 
first  Tuesday  in  the  month.  The  change  was  made  in  compliance  with  a  request 
of  29  fellows,  members  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia, 
which  holds  its  meetings  every  Tuesday. 

2  Amended,  April  1,  1788,  so  that  seven  fellows  shall  constitute  a  quorum 
for  ordinary  business. 


APPENDIX.  179 

money,  the  making  of  laws,  or  altering  the  constitution,  the  majority  of  the 
fellows  shall  be  a  quorum. 

13.  Every  fellow  upon  his  admission  shall  subscribe  to  the  above  rules,  as 
a  testimony  of  his  consent  to  be  bound  by  them.  He  shall  at  the  same  time 
pay  into  the  hands  of  the  treasurer  the  sum  of  eight  dollars  towards  estab- 
lishing a  fund  for  the  use  of  the  college :  he  shall  likewise  pay  two  dollars 
annually  for  the  same  purpose. 

This  amended  constitution  of  November,  1787,  has  been  signed  by  every 
fellow  elected  since  that  date.     It  has  not  been  heretofore  printed. 


THE   INAUGURAL   ADDRESS, 

MADE  TO   THE  COLLEGE  OF  PHYSICIANS,  BY  THE  FIRST  PRESIDENT  THEREOF, 

DR.   JOHN   REDMAN. 

Gentlemen  :  At  our  first  meeting  to  form  a  society  under  the  style  and 
title  of  a  College  of  Physicians,  and  to  organize  ourselves  by  choosing  proper 
officers  and  members,  so  as  to  constitute  a  body,  you  were  pleased  to  honor  me 
with  your  suffrage  and  elect  me  your  President.  Upon  that  occasion  I  felt 
myself  oppressed,  and,  for  some  reasons,  undetermined  whether  I  should 
continue  in  the  office ;  I  therefore  signified  my  acceptance  only  by  a  tacit 
consent  rather  than  otherwise.  On  my  return  home,  under  a  strong  impres- 
sion of  the  weight,  both  of  the  office  and  my  obligations  to  you,  I  sat  down 
and  wrote  what  occurred  to  me  as  a  suitable  address  to  you  at  our  next  or 
some  future  meeting,  that  might  be  most  proper.  Being  unavoidably  pre- 
vented, I  had  not  the  pleasure  of  attending  your  next  meeting.  But  having 
now  the  peculiar  happiness  of  seeing  you  convened  in  a  body,  and,  I  trust, 
united  in  those  bonds  which  are  the  result  of  most  benevolent  principles,  and 
may  be  efficacious  for  the  most  beneficent  purposes,  I  feel  highly  honored  in 
appearing  before  you  as  5'our  official  head,  and  therefore  deem  it  a  proper 
opportunity  to  express  my  respects  to  you  and  regards  for  the  society,  by 
addressing  you  in  the  very  words  I  then  wrote,  which  I  the  rather  chose  to  do, 
as  they  are  dictated  by  the  high  sense  I  then  had  of  the  importance  of  the 
institution  and  its  future  eminence  if  rightly  conducted,  and  were  suggested 
by  the  immediate  effusions  of  gratitude,  without  any  exaggerations  or  arti- 
ficial colorings,  and  for  which,  indeed,  I  have  no  talents,  if  I  had  even  desired 
or  desi  gned  it.  Being  not  used  to  speak  in  pubHc,  I  must  beg  leave  rather 
to  read  it  than  attempt  to  pronounce  it  from  memory,  which,  at  my  age,  is 
not  much  to  be  depended  on,  and,  while  I  bespeak  your  patient  attention,  I 
hope,  cannot  but  assure  myself  of  your  candid  and  favorable  construction  of 
the  matter,  and  benevolent  excuse  of  any  defects  in  the  manner  of  deliver- 
ing it. 


180  APPENDIX. 

When  I  look  round  me  and  see  so  many  gentlemen  of  character  for  learn- 
ing, ingenuity,  and  integrity  in  the  profession  and  practice  of  physick,  and 
some  whose  talents  have  early  called  them  forth  into  public  notice  and  offices 
of  dignity  in  the  medical  line,  and  who  have  conducted  therein  for  many 
years,  so  much  to  their  own  reputation  and  to  the  satisfaction  and  advantage 
of  their  pupils  and  of  their  fellow-citizens  ;  and  then  look  within  mj'self  and 
consider  my  own  powers  and  the  time  allotted  to  me  by  Providence,  from  the 
state  of  those  powers,  and  also  that  time  of  life  which  I  have  walked  in  from 
choice,  having  in  my  constitutional  frame  no  great  desires  of  exaltation  above 
the  middle  state,  nor  higher  ambition  than  to  conduct  therein  rather  with 
integrity  and  usefulness  than  eclat.  After  such  a  view  I  said  it  would  be 
vanity  or  arrogance  in  me  not  to  suppose  that  mj'  election  was  more  owing 
to  the  generous  benevolence  of  your  own  minds,  as  a  mark  of  respect  to  my 
age  and  long  standing  in  the  profession,  and  as  a  kind  and  disinterested  testi- 
mony of  approbation  of  my  general  conduct  in  life,  and  regularity  in  the 
practice  of  our  art,  than  to  any  peculiar  merit  of  mine.  Nevertheless,  I  am 
equally  bound  in  duty  and  gratitude  to  return  you  my  best  thanks  for  the 
honor  you  have  done  me,  which  I  now  do  most  heartily,  to  you  gentlemen 
the  senior  fellows  who  elected  me,  and  also  to  you  gentlemen  junior  fellows, 
who,  I  am  informed,  unanimously  approved  of  my  election ;  more  especially 
as  it  places  me  first  on  the  list  of  presidents  of  the  College  of  Physicians, 
both  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and,  I  believe,  in  all  the  United  States  of 
America.  This  reminds  me  of  two  things,  which  I  cannot  recollect  but  with 
concern,  and  indeed  I  ought  to  regret.  The  first  of  them  is  that  this  insti- 
tution did  not  commence  at  an  earlier  period,  and  in  the  lifetime  of  one 
whose  person,  age,  character,  and  reputation  for  medical  abilities  and  respect- 
able deportment  to  and  among  us,  as  well  as  his  generous,  just,  and  benevo- 
lent temper  of  mind,  and  great  acqiuaintaace  with  books,  men,  and  things, 
and  proper  attention  to  times  and  seasons,  would,  I  am  persuaded,  have 
pointed  him  out  as  our  first  object.  And  it  would  have  been  the  highest 
gratification  to  me,  as  I  believe  it  would  to  you  all  who  knew  him,  to  have 
given  our  suffrages  unanimously  to  place  him  at  the  head  of  such  an  institu- 
tion. Having  said  this  much,  I  am  sure  his  name  will  readily  recur  to  30U 
all ;  nor  need  I  mention  it,  but  that  I  always  recollect  with  pleasure  the  name 
of  our  worthy  and  well-respected  elder  brother,  and  my  much  esteemed 
friend,  Dr.  Thomas  Cadwalader.'  Though  it  is  now  but  a  melancholy 
pleasure  when  joined  with  the  reflection  on  the  loss  we  sustained  by  his 
death.  It  would  also  have  been  very  pleasmg  to  have  seen  another  of  our 
elder  brethren,  my  predecessor  in  the  presidentship  of  this  institution.     I 

1  Dr.  Thomas  Cadwalader,  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society 
from  January  19,  1768,  and  one  of  its  Vice-Presidents  during  the  year  1769, 
died  November  14,  1779,  aged  72  years. 


APPENDIX.  181 

doubt  not  3'ou  all  easily  judge  that  I  mean  Dr.  Thomas  Bond,^  more  lately 
taken  from  us,  and  who  so  long  and  deservedly  maintained  a  reputation  for 
judgment  and  skill  in  the  profession,  and  indefatigable  assiduity  to  the  last 
in  the  practice  of  physick  and  surgery.  But  they  are  no  more — Et  Heu ! 
Hinc  ilia;  lachrymfe,  Mors  fait  ut  semper  inexorabilis.  Et  Tempus  quod 
omnia  devorat,  homines  qn-x  bonos  medicosque  humi  prosternit.  And  there 
may  they  rest  in  peace  till  old  time  itself  shall  expire,  and  that  scene  com- 
mences when  these  mortals  shall  put  on  immortality.  The  other  circumstances 
I  have  to  regret  is  the  loss  of  that  spirit  of  business,  and  that  activity  and 
vigor  of  body  and  mind,  with  their  several  faculties  (such  as  they  were),  which 
I  was  once  possessed  of  Whence  I  fear  I  may  not  be  able  to  comport  myself 
so  fully  up  to  the  dignity  of  the  station  you  have  placed  me  in,  and  the  credit 
of  the  institution  as  may  yield  the  complete  satisfaction  to  you  or  myself 
-could  wish.  These  considerations  occasioned  some  hesitation  in  my  own 
mind  at  first  in  accepting  it,  at  least  no  small  apprehensions  in  myself,  as 
feeling  the  weight  rather  oppressive,  and  overcome  by  the  height  of  the 
prospect  to  which  my  imagination  fondly  raises  the  institution  in  dignity  and 
utility  if  rightly  conducted  ;  and  to  which  our  united  wisdom,  prudence  and 
steady  perse verence,  will  be  found  competent,  even  though  my  declining 
powers  should  not  be  equal  to  the  part  allotted  me.  But  as  I  can  be  sure  of 
the  most  candid  construction  of  my  actions  and  most  benevolent  excuse  of 
my  defects,  which  they  will  bear,  with  such  friends  with  whom  I  have  been 
long  connected,  and  always  transacted  business  to  our  mutual  satisfaction 
and  advantage.  And  I  am  confident  of  all  needful  aid  from  every  member, 
not  only  on  duty  as  such,  but  considered  as  medical  gentlemen,  whose  pecu- 
liar characteristics  is  to  succor  those  who  labor  under  infirmities  and  diseases; 
and  if  you  live  long  enough  you  will  all  be  convinced  by  experience  (as  I  am 
already)  that  old  age,  even  in  its  commencement,  partakes  more  or  less  of 
them  both  ;  and  as  I  am  peculiarly  happy,  in  not  only  the  future  expecta- 
tion, but  present  enjoyment  of  all  possible  assistance  from  those  of  you  whom 
I  have  the  honor  to  call  my  professional  children,  and  the  happiness  to  esteem 
and  be  esteemed  and  respected  by  them  as  such  on  all  occasions  ;  I  have, 
therefore,  ventured  to  accept  the  honor  you  have  conferred  on  me,  and  to 
undertake  the  trust  you  have  reposed  in  me  with  a  good  will ;  nor,  indeed, 
could  I  have  refused  them  without  acting  contrary  to  that  kind  of  gratitude 
which  both  the  laws  of  generosity  and  morality  require  of  us ;  and  although  I 
do'it  with  some  fears,  yet  also  with  a  resolution  to  exert  in  the  best  manner  I 
can  all  the  powers  I  have  still  remaining,  to  which  I  hope  your  generosity  will 
add  new  vigor  and  strength  to  promote  the  credit  and  usefulness  of  our  well 
intended  institution  ;  reserving  to  myself  the  liberty  and  determination,  that 

'  Dr.  Thomas  Bond,  an  original  member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Sociel}-,  and  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents,  from  1770  until  he  died,  March  26, 
1784,  aged  72  years. 


182  APPENDIX. 

if  I  find  myself  oppressed  with  the  weight,  or  my  infirmities  increase  so  as 
not  to  be  able  to  conduct  in  my  station  with  constant  attention  or  full  pro- 
priety, to  be  the  first  to  request  and  insist  upon  my  resignation  of  it  to  those 
whose  vigor  and  activity  of  mind  and  body  may  render  them  more  competent 
and  proper  for  your  election  ;  in  which  I  shall  heartily  join,  and  in  everything 
as  a  private  member,  as  long  and  as  far  as  my  age  and  powers  will  carry  me, 
that  tends  to  the  welfare  of  the  society,  and  its  useful  influence  for  the  good 
of  our  fellow  mortals.  This  leads  me  to  conclude  and  declare  that  though 
you  have  been  pleased  to  honor  me  so  far  as  to  place  me  at  the  head  of  your 
body,  and  thus  to  make  me  in  a  collective  sense  your  superior,  yet  I  shall 
ever  count  it  my  best  honor,  and  feel  it  one  of  my  greatest  pleasures  to  be  the 
devoted  servant  of  the  institution,  and,  gentlemen,  your  respectful  humble 
servant,  J-  R. 

Respected  Brethren :  After  I  had  writ  the  preceding  address  my  mind 
took  a  more  serious  turn,  which  I  willingly  indulged,  as  the  current  of  my 
thoughts  related  to  the  most  substantial  good  of  the  institution,  and  in  a  cer- 
tain degree  evidenced  the  earnestness  of  my  desires  to  promote  it.  Under 
that  view,  craving  your  indulgence  a  few  minutes  longer,  I  will  venture  to 
read  them  as  they  were  hastily  written,  exactly  according  to  their  rise,  pro- 
gress, and  termination  in  my  own  mind,  and  though  the  manner  in  which 
they  are  expressed  may  not  bear  every  kind  of  criticism,  yet  I  trust  the  matter 
of  them  is  such  as  will  give  offense  to  none,  but  be  approved  by  you  all ; 
especially  as  the  principles  and  grounds  of  them  are  the  words  of  one  of  the 
wisest  of  men — I  mean  King  Solomon  in  his  3d  chapter  of  Proverbs — "Trust 
in  the  Lord  with  all  thine  heart,  and  leave  not  to  thy  own  understanding  ;  in 
all  thy  ways  acknowledge  him,  and  he  shall  direct  thy  paths  ;"  the  antiquity 
of  which  words  I  hope  will  be  no  objection  to  them,  with  medical  gentlemen 
who  acknowledge  that  some  of  their  oldest  authors  are  equal  if  not  superior 
to  many  of  the  moderns.  Be  that  as  it  may,  they  led  me  to  consider  that  in 
one  place  of  the  Scriptures  of  truth  it  is  declared  (and  believed  by  all  who 
count  them  authentic,  and  have  made  them  the  subject  of  their  rational 
attention  and  serious  meditation),  that  by  the  Grod  of  Heaven  kings  reign 
and  princes  decree  justice ;  and  elsewhere,  that  except  the  Lord  build  the 
house  they  labor  in  vain  that  build  it,  except  the  Lord  keep  the  city  the 
watchman  watcheth  but  in  vain.  Taking  these  for  granted,  which  I  do  most 
heartily,  I  am  convinced  that  it  highly  becomes  rational  men  in  all  their 
lawful  enterprises  and  undertakings  of  importance,  especially  those  which 
require  wisdom  and  judgement,  prudence  and  perseverence,  efi'ectually  to 
accomplish  them,  to  acknowledge  Grod  to  be  their  sovereign  Ruler  and  the 
Over  Ruler  of  all  events,  in  wisdom,  justice,  goodness  and  truth  ;  and  also 
to  acknowledge  their  obligations  to  hiui  for  every  good  they  have  or  do  enjoy, 
as  well  as  their  dependence  upon  him  for  anj^  good  they  still  hope  for,  or 
expect  in  the  prosecution  of  afi"airs  public  or  private,  and  for  his  protection, 


APPENDIX.  183 

direction  and  success  therein,  and  accordingly  to  invoke  his  aid,  and  implore 
his  blessing  thereon.  Hence  it  is  that  I  feel  it  both  mj'  duty  and  inclination, 
as  your  oldest  member,  and  especially  as  your  president,  and  as  very  becoming 
to  us  at  the  Commencement  of  this  our  Institution  in  j'our  name  and  on  j'our 
behalf  to  acknowledge  the  Supreme  Being  to  be  our  Sovereign,  Lord,  and 
Ruler,  and  also  our  obligations  to  him  for  every  mercy  and  blessing  we  have 
been  the  subjects  of,  and  especially  for  giving  us  capacities  for  such  an  under- 
taking, and  influencing  our  wills  to  engage  in  so  good  a  design  at  this  time. 
In  the  same  manner  I  do  also  acknowlege  our  dependence  upon  him  for 
protection,  direction,  blessings,  and  success ;  and  furthermore  1  do,  also  in 
your  name  and  behalf,  invoke  his  aid  and  implore  him  to  grant  unto  us  in 
this  and  all  our  lawful  enterprises,  all  that  wisdom,  prudence,  discretion,  and 
judgement,  which  are  necessary  to  conduct  it  in  a  proper  manner,  to  good 
effect  and  useful  puri^oses ;  and  also  that  grace  which  may  enable  us  to  act 
herein  from  right  principles,  with  just  motives,  to  good  ends,  and  according 
to  the  best  rules  and  regulations,  so  that  in  this  and  all  our  works  and  ways, 
we  may  glorify  Grod,  and  do  good  in  our  days;  and  finally  that  after  we  have 
publicly  or  privately  served  our  generation  faithfully  according  to  the  will  of 
God,  we  may  be  fitted  for  and  admitted  into  his  Kingdom  and  glory,  through 
Jesus  Christ,  our  Lord  and  Saviour. 


MEMORIAL   ON   TEMPERANCE,    1787. 

To  the  Honorable,  the  Legishiture  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  : 

The  Memorial  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia, 
respectfully  sheweth,' 

That  your  memorialists  have  seen,  with  great  concern,  the  numerous  evils 
which  have  followed  the  intemperate  use  of  distilled  spirituous  liquors  in  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania.  They  decline  taking  notice  of  the  baneful  effects  of 
these  liquors  on  property  and  morals,  and  beg  leave  to  confine  their  memorial 
to  their  influence  upon  the  health  and  lives  of  their  fellow  citizens,  and  the 
population  of  their  country. 

That  among  the  numerous  diseases  which  are  produced  by  the  use  of  dis- 
tilled spirituous  liquors,  they  would  only  mention,  the  Dropsy,  Epilepsy, 
Palsy,  Apoplexy,  Melancholy  and  Madness ;  which  too  seldom  yield  to  the 
powers  of  medicine.  That  where  distilled  spirituous  liquors  do  not  produce 
these  terrible  and  obstinate  diseases  they  generally  impair  the  strength  of  the 
body  so  as  to  lessen  its  ability  to  undergo  that  labour,  either  in  degree  or 
duration,  which  it  is  capable  of  without  them.    That  the  prevailing  ideas  of 

'  Adopted  at  a  stated  meeting  Nov.  6,  1787,  presented  by  Drs.  Jones,  Kush, 
and  GrifBtts,  the  Committee  appointed  Sept.  4,  1787. 


184  APPENDIX. 

the  necessity  and  advantages  of  using  distilled  spirituous  liquors  to  obviate 
the  injurious  effects  of  extreme  heat  or  cold  upon  the  human  body  are  alto- 
gether without  foundation,  and  that  they  increase  the  evils  they  are  taken  to 
remove.  That  the  inconvenience  aris^ing  from  excessive  labor,  heat,  or  cold, 
is  to  be  removed  with  much  more  safety  and  certainty  by  the  use  of  Cider 
or  malt  liquors.  Your  memorialists  therefore  pray  that  your  Honorable 
House  would  take  the  facts  herein  stated  into  their  serious  consideration,  and 
as  Guardians  of  the  health  and  lives,  no  less  than  of  the  liberties  and  morals 
of  their  constituents,  that  they  would  enact  such  a  law,  for  the  checking  the 
improper  use  of  distilled  spirituous  liquors  as  to  their  wisdom  and  humanity 
may  seem  proper. 

Signed  by  the  President  and  attested  by  the  Secr'y,  presented  with  a  re- 
quest that  it  may  be  inserted  in  the  journals  of  the  House. 


LINES   OCCASIONED   BY  THE   DECEASE   OF   DR.    OERARDUS   CLARKSON, 
OF   THIS   CITY,    SEPTEMBER   19,    1790.' 

Farewell,  my  friend,  it  seems  we  meet  no  more, 
Amid  the  perils  of  this  hostile  shore  ; 
These  eyes  no  more  thy  form  rever'd  shall  see, 
Nor  more  thy  friendly  councils  visit  me, 
Amid  the  gloom  of  sickness  or  of  woe. 
No  further  solace  shall  thy  cares  bestow. 
Nor  'mid  the  mazes  of  this  checquered  scene. 
Thy  wisdom  aid  me,  or  thy  bosom  serene  ! 

Gone  are  the  daj's  of  friendship  so  sincere, 
Tho'  once  they  sooth' d  me,  they  now  urge  the  tear, 
As  flowers  of  spring— so  lovely  once  to  view. 
But  now  turned  painful,  what  regrets  pursue  ; 
With  unavailing  grief,  I  seek  thy  urn. 
And  look  for  pleasures  that  are  past  return  ! 

Thine  now  are  joys  beyond  what  thought  can  paint. 
Such  as  the  just  console,  and  bless  the  saint, 
Crown'd  with  rich  fruits  beneath  autumnal  skies, 
The  master  saw  thee,  and  bestowed  the  prize  ; 
He  spared  thee  winter's  desolating  sway. 
And  took  to  regions  of  perpetual  May  ! 

1  Poems  on  several  occasions.  By  John  Swanwick  Esq.,  one  of  the  repre- 
sentatives in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  from  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 
Philadelphia,  1797. 


APPENDIX.  185 

There  rest  in  peace — the  Sabbath  of  the  tomb 

For  thee  prepares  an  everlasting  bloom  ; 

Let  not  thy  friend  then  foolishly  repine 

As  pleasures  lost  to  him,  so  well  exchanged  for  thine ! 


LINES   SACRED   TO   THE   MEMORY   OF   DR.    HENRY   STUBER. 

What  beckoning  ghost  beside  yon  ancient  towers, 

Invites  to  tread  the  melancholy  isle, 
Where  awful  death  has  deck'd  her  lonely  bowers, 

And  sits  in  triumph  o'er  the  dreary  pile. 

Is  it  some  statesman  weary  of  the  load, 

Which  mad  ambition  on  her  sons  bestows, 
That  calls  to  view  that  desolate  abode. 

Where  ends  at  last  his  labours  and  his  woes  ? 

Is  it  some  miser,  whose  usurious  soul 

Could  not  enjoy  what  fortune  chanc'd  to  give, 

That  now  in  others  would  the  sense  controul. 
That  took  from  him — the  feculty  to  live? 

Ah  no — 'tis  Stuber,  whose  enlightened  face, 
Dispell'd  the  mists  of  error  where  it  shone  : 

He  still,  in  death,  instructs  the  rising  race. 
And  bids  them  gather  knowledge  at  his  stone. 

Teaches  by  early  industry  to  save. 

The  fleeting  moments  of  all  precious  time, 
If  tears  of  friendship  wishing  at  their  grave. 

They  pant  like  him,  for  laurels  in  their  prime. 

Teaches,  like  him,  with  early  zeal  to  tread 

The  paths  of  honor,  learning  and  renown. 
If  Hke  himself  beloved — and  mourn'd  when  dead, 

They'd  wish  in  youth  an  everlasting  crown. 

John  Swanwick,  Esq. 


186  APPENDIX. 


MEMOKIAl.  ON  TEMPERANCE,  ADDRESSED  TO  THE  CONGRESS  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES,  DECEMBER,  1790. 

To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  in  Congress 
assembled.  The  Memorial  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  the  City  of 
Philadelphia  respectfully  shoiveth  .■' 

That  they  have  seen  with  great  pleasure  the  operation  of  the  National 
Government,  which  has  established  order  in  the  United  States. 

They  rejoice  to  find,  amongst  the  powers  which  belong  to  this  government, 
that  of  restraining,  by  certain  duties,  the  consumption  of  distilled  spirits  in 
our  country.  It  belongs  more  peculiarly  to  men  of  other  professions  to 
enumerate  the  pernicious  effects  of  these  liquors  on  morals  and  manners. 
Your  memorialists  will  only  remark  that  a  great  proportion  of  the  most  obsti- 
nate, painful,  and  mortal  disorders  which  affect  the  human  body  are  pro- 
duced by  distilled  spirits — that  they  are  not  onlj^  destructive  to  health  and 
life,  but  that  they  impair  the  faculties  of  the  mind,  and  thereby  tend  equally 
to  dishonor  our  character  as  a  nation,  and  to  degrade  our  species  as  intelligent 
beings. 

Your  memorialists  have  no  doubt  that  the  rumor  of  a  plague  or  any  other 
pestilential  disorder,  which  might  sweep  away  thousands  of  their  fellow- 
citizens,  would  produce  the  most  vigorous  and  effectual  measures  in  our 
government  to  prevent  or  subdue  it. 

Your  memorialists  can  see  no  just  cause  why  the  more  certain  and  exten- 
sive ravages  of  distilled  spirits  upon  human  life  should  not  be  guarded  against 
with  corresponding  vigilance  and  exertions  by  the  present  rulers  of  the  United 
States. 

Your  memorialists  beg  leave  to  add  further  that  the  habitual  use  of  dis- 
tilled spirits,  in  any  case  whatever,  is  wholly  unnecessary — that  they  neither 
fortify  the  body  against  the  morbid  effects  of  heat  or  cold,  nor  render  labor 
more  easy,  nor  more  productive — and  that  there  are  many  articles  of  diet 
and  drink,  which  are  not  only  safe  and  perfectly  salutary,  but  preferable  to 
distilled  spirits  for  each  of  the  above-mentioned  purposes. 

Your  memorialists  have  beheld  with  regret  the  feeble  influence  of  reason 
and  religion,  in  restraining  the  evils  they  have  enumerated. 

They  centre  their  hopes,  therefore,  of  an  efl&cient  remedy  for  them  in  the 
wisdom  and  power  of  the  Legislature  of  the  United  States;  and  in  behalf  of 
the  interests  of  humanity,  to  which  their  profession  is  closely  allied,  they 
thus  publicly  entreat  the  Congress,  by  their  obligations,  to  protect  the  lives 
of  their  constituents,  and  by  their  regard  to  the  character  of  our  nation,  and 
to  the  rank  of  our  species  in  the  scale  of  beings,  to  impose  such  heavy  duties 
upon  all  distilled  spirits  as  shall  be  effectual  to  restrain  their  intemperate  use 
in  our  country. 

^  Adopted  December  27,  1790. 


APPENDIX.  187 


THE  ADDRESS  OF  THE  PRESIDENT,  DR.  JOHN  REDMAN,  THANKIN(i  THE 
COLLEGE  FOR  HIS  REELECTION,  AUGUST  2,   1791.* 

Gentlemen  :  Having  by  indif^position  of  body  been  prevented  from  join- 
ing you  at  your  last  meeting  and  annual  election,  when  you  honored  me  with 
your  suffrages,  and  reelected  me  to  the  Presidency  of  the  College,  I  now  take 
the  first  opportunity  of  returning  you  my  hearty  thanks  for  this  renewed 
instance  of  your  respect,  the  continuance  of  which,  notwithstanding  mj'  infirm- 
ities, so  evidently  increasing  with  my  years,  leads  me  to  add,  that  such  kind 
indulgence  toward  an  aged  brother,  arising  chiefly  from  the  benevolence  of 
your  own  minds,  demands  my  particular  acknowledgements,  and  under  that 
view  gratitude  obliges  my  acceptance  of  the  office  again  at  this  time,  which, 
otherwise  in  regard  to  myself,  I  should  have  wished  to  decline.  For,  to  be 
candid  and  tell  you  the  truth,  I  should  not  have  been  ea.sy  under  the  sense  I 
had  of  my  growing  infirmities  of  body  and  mind  for  some  time  past,  to  have 
continued  to  accept  the  honor  you  have  so  repeatedly  conferred  upon  me, 
but  from  the  consideration  that  you  always  joined  a  colleague  with  me  as 
Vice-President,  whose  eminence  and  reputation  in  our  profession,  and  whose 
clearness  of  judgment,  vigor  of  faculties,  and  easy  manner  of  conve3'ing  his 
sentiments,  together  with  his  friendly  disposition  to  aid  me,  fully  obviated 
and  prevented  any  ill  effects,  naturally  to  be  expected  from  declining  age, 
and  rendered  my  situation  more  pleasant  than  otherwise  it  might  have  been. 
But  though  much  and  justly  respected  by  us  and  all  connected  with  him  in 
kindred,  friendship,  or  business,  he  was  mortal,  and  he  has  gone — no  more 
to  return,  to  aid  by  his  talents,  or  gratify  us  by  his  presence  at  our  meetings, 
or  cheer  us  by  his  affability,  agreeable  converge,  and  polite  manners.  And 
therefore  (though  somewhat  late,  and  almost  unseasonable),  I  must  indulge 
myself  in  sympathising  with  you,  and  regretting  the  real  loss  which  the 
republic  of  medicine  in  general,  and  our  collegiate  society  in  particular,  have 
sustained  thereby.  Much  did  I  expect,  from  his  being  several  years  younger 
than  myself,  and  so  well  and  justly  esteemed  by  you,  that  he  would  be  my 
next  successor  ;  and  from  a  settled  resolution,  soon  to  request  my  dismission 
(if  not  otherwise  removed),  I  sometimes  flattered  mj'self  with  having  the 
pleasure  to  see  him  raised  to  your  presidential  chair — to  which  I  should  most 
heartily  have  concurred,  as  well  on  account  of  his  own  merit  and  qualifica- 
tions, as  because  it  would  have  been  highly  gratifying  to  me  to  be  a  living 
witness  of  our  college  being  headed  by  one  whose  eminence  in  more  than 
one  of  the  material  branches  of  medical  science,  and  reputation  among  our 
citizens  in  general  was  still  very  flourishing,  and  whose  connections  with  and 
estimation  in  which  he  was  held  by  the  higher  orders  and  ranks  of  them, 
was  so  conspicuous  and  intimate,  as  might  contribute  to  the  greater  external 
dignity  of  the  institution,  and  render  its  influence  more  powerful  and  effectual 

1  The  college  requested  him  to  accept  its  thanks  for  his  address,  and  directed 
that  it  be  preserved  on  the  minutes. 


188  APPENDIX. 

on  any  particular  occasion  of  public  utility,  wherein  it  might  be  thought 
requisite,  or  be  called  to  exert  it. 

But  that  I  may  not  detain  you  longer  on  a  subject  now  hopeless,  with 
respect  to  him,  I  shall  conclude  it  only  with  one  observation  or  reflection, 
which,  though  partaking  of  the  same  gloomy  complexion  with  the  circum- 
stance which  occasions  it,  yet  may  be  useful  in  application,  and  I  doubt  not 
may  have  occurred  to  many  of  you,  as  well  as  myself,  that  though  our  loss  in 
members  since  the  commencement  of  our  institution  may  not  have  exceeded 
the  usual  proportion,  j^et  I  think  it  a  little  remarkable  that  the  lot  has 
hitherto  only  fixllen  on  our  officers  (except  one  who  had  previously  resigned 
his  meuibership),  though  no  certain,  or  even  plau.sible  inference  can  be 
drawn  from  it,  respecting  those  in  that  capacity  more  than  others,  still  I 
thought  it  a  remark  worth  noticing,  as  it  may  be  of  use  to  them,  as  well  as 
all,  if  duly  and  seasonably  attended  to  and  improved ;  and  to  none  is  appli- 
cation more  proper  than  to  him  who  makes  it,  and  is  the  oldest  among  you. 

And  now,  gentlemen,  as  it  doth  not  become  us  to  murmur  at,  and  much 
less  to  arraign,  any  of  the  dispensations  of  that  Providence,  which  we  believe 
is  ever  conducted  in  its  arrangements  by  infinite  wisdom  and  goodness,  and 
always  for  the  best  on  the  whole,  or  be  so  absorbed  in  regretting  our  losses, 
as  not  to  remember  and  thankfully  improve  the  blessings  we  still  enjoy — 
leaving  the  mournful  scene  we  have  just  been  contemplating  .  I  now  feel 
myself  equally  incited  by  duty  and  inclination  to  congratulate  you  on  the 
judicious  and  prudent  measure  you  have  taken  to  fill  up  the  vacancy  which 
the  death  of  our  late  worthy  Vice-President  had  made,  by  electing  to  the 
office  a  gentleman  so  properly  qualified  for  it ;  who  being  born  and  educated 
among  us,  and  after  considerable  expense  of  time  and  fortune  had  completed 
his  studies  abroad,  was  one  of  the  first  of  those  whose  liberal  minds  and 
patriotic  regards  for  their  native  country,  led  them  to  concert  the  plan  for  a 
complete  medical  instruction  among  ourselves ;  and  was  the  very  first  who 
stepped  forth  with  manly  firmness  and  becoming  confidence  in  the  utility  and 
dignity  of  the  plan,  in  the  execution  of  it — and  whose  steadj'  perseverence  and 
judicious  prosecution  of  the  particular  and  important  branch  he  first  engaged 
in,  in  conjunction  with  those  who  followed  him,  and  his  example,  in  the  several 
departments  which,  by  mutual  agreement,  they  undertook,  have  not  only 
accomplished  their  design  completely,  but  in  such  a  manner  as  doth  them 
much  credit,  and  gained  them  great  approbation  and  applause,  both  at  home 
and  abroad,  and  to  the  great  emoluments  of  our  country  and  the  students  of 
medicine,  who  may  now,  under  their  tuition,  be  as  regularly  instructed  in 
medical  science,  and  as  fully  and  honorably  qualified  for  practice,  as  in  any 
of  those  foreign  seminaries  which  are  much  older,  many  instances  of  which 
have  been  exhibited  much  to  the  honor  of  the  professors  of  our  medical 
school.  All  which  considerations  pointed  him  out  as  the  proper  object  of 
our  choice  on  the  late  occasion.  And,  therefore,  as  I  had  not  the  pleasure 
to  be  present  and  join  my  sufi"rage,  I  now  think  myself  bound  to  express  my 


APPENDIX.  189 

hearty  concurrence,  and  sincerely  congratulate  you,  Sir,  on  your  election  to 
the  Vice-Presidency  of  the  first  College  of  Physicians  in  America,  and  thus 
receiving  in  the  midtiiue  of  life,  and  while  your  faculties  are  still  vigorous 
and  animated,  this  further  reward  of  your  merit  and  labors  for  the  public 
good  ;  as  well  as  on  that  of  your  late  election  into  another  institution  founded 
on  the  principles  of  humanity  and  charity  for  the  pious  purpose  of  aifording 
relief  to  the  indigent  sick  and  deranged;  where  you  will  have  the  heart- 
affecting  opportunity  of  exercising  the  virtues  of  the  man,  the  physician,  and 
Christian,  and  thereby  insure  and  enhance  the  comforts  of  your  declining 
3'ears. 

Nor  can  I  omit  congratulating  mj'self  on  the  well-grounded  hope  I  enter- 
tain of  receiving  from  the  abilities  of  our  new  Vice-President  (and  from  the 
goodwill  and  politeness  I  have  always  experience  when  conjoined  with  him 
on  other  occasions),  that  aid  and  support  in  my  office  which  my  advanced 
age,  and  debilitated  powers  and  defective  senses  make  requisite ;  and  which 
may  render  my  situation  the  more  easy  and  pleasant  while  I  remain  in  it, 
which  cannot  now  be  long,  as  I  am  persuaded  I  must  soon  recede  either 
from  prudential  choice,  or  from  necessity  of  another  kind,  needless  here  to 
mention:  but  which  puts  me  in  mind  to  conclude  with  declaring  (as  possibly 
this  may  be  the  last  opportunity  1  may  have  of  so  doing  on  such  an  occasion), 
my  hearty  goodwill  to  and  wishes  for  the  prosperity  and  success  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  in  everything  that  may  render  it  honorable  and  useful  to 
our  native  country,  now  risen  into  empire,  and  rising  in  fame,  and  to  the 
relief  and  solace  of  our  sufifering  fellow  mortals,  and  also  for  the  peace  and 
happiness  of  each  of  you  its  members  in  j'our  several  stations  and  relations, 
civil  and  social,  both  here  and  hereafter. 

MEMORABLE   DATES   IN   THE   HISTORY   OF  THE  COLLEGE. 

Institution  of  the  College Jan,  2,  1787. 

Institution  of  the  library March  3,  1788. 

Incorporation  of  the  College         ....  March  26,  1789. 

Institution  of  the  pathological  museum         .         .  June  5,  1849. 

Institution  of  the  building  fund    ....  Nov.  2,  1849. 

Institution  of  the  Miitter  Museum       .        .        .  Dec.  II,  1858. 

Institution  of  the  second  building  fund         .         .  April  7,  1875. 

BUILDING  FUND. 

1849. 

After  it  had  been  determined  to  continue  the  building-fund  trust,  Drs. 
Francis  West,  T.  Hewson  Bache,  Edward  Hartshorne,  S.  Weir  Mitchell, 
Wm.  Byrd  Page,  James  J.  Levick,  and  Robert  P.  Thomas  were  appointed 
March  2,  1859,  "  to  solicit  from  the  fellows  additional  contributions  to  the 
building  fund  of  the  college."     They  were  authorized,  April  6,  1859,   "to 


190 


APPENDIX. 


solicit  contributions  from  the  citizens  generally  as  well  as  from  the  fellows  of 
the  college;"  but  so  many  of  the  elders  disapproved  of  the  method  that  it 
was  abandoned. 

This  committee  reported,  Dec.  5,  1860,  that  it  had  procured  subscriptions 
amounting  to  $4665,  of  which  $2700  had  been  paid ;  and,  on  its  request,  was 
discharged. 

From  the  minutes  of  proceedings  of  the  committee  on  collections,  ap- 
pointed Dec.  4,  1849  (see  page  154),  and  the  final  report  of  the  above-named 
committee,  the  following  list  of  payments  to  the  fund,  up  to  Dec.  1860,  has 
been  compiled.     It  includes  the  original  contributors. 

CONTRIBUTORS   TO   THE   FUND 

To  erect  <i  lidll  for  the  accommodation  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of 
Phi/adeljihia,  paid  prior  to  Dec.  5,  1860,  $10,635. 


George  B.  Wood 

$4000 

G.  Emerson 

$50 

George  Fox 

500 

S.  D.  Gross        . 

50 

Hugh  L.  Hodge 

500 

Benjamin  S.  Janney 

50 

Charles  D.  Meigs 

500 

J.  Forsyth  Meigs     . 

50 

George  W.  Norris 

500 

Wm.  Byrd  Page 

50 

John  Rodman  Paul 

500 

Isaac  Parrish    . 

50 

Franklin  Bache 

800 

Lewis  Rodman 

50 

J.  Wilson  Moore 

250 

H.  H.  Smith     . 

50 

Edward  Peace 

250 

M.  C.  Shallcross 

50 

Caspar  Morris  . 

200 

H.  Tiedeman    . 

50 

William  Pepper 

200 

Francis  West  . 

50 

Moreton  Stille 

200 

L.  P.  Gebhard 

40 

William  Ashmead 

100 

Theophilus  Beasley  . 

25 

Henry  Bond     . 

100 

J.  H.  B.  McClellan 

25 

J.  H.  Bradford 

100 

W.  H.  Klapp  . 

25 

Henry  E.  Drayton 

100 

Squire  Littell  . 

25 

K.  M.  Huston  . 

100 

Wm.  Mayburry 

25 

Samuel  Jackson 

100 

W^ashington  L.  Atlee 

20 

Samuel  Lewis  . 

100 

Robert  Bridges 

20 

J.  Pancoast 

100 

T.  Hewson  Bache     . 

20 

C.  W.  Pennock 

100 

Thomas  Dillard 

20 

Alfred  Stille     . 

100 

W.  W.  Gerhard       . 

20 

Joseph  Warrington 

100 

W.  R.  Grant    . 

20 

Caspar  Wister 

100 

Ed.  Hartshorne 

20 

Charles  Evans 

75 

R.  A.  F.  Penrose     . 

20 

Isaac  Hays 

75 

John  J.  Reese  . 

20 

John  Bell 

50 

Alexander  Wilcooks 

20 

D.  Francis  Condie 

50 

Wm.  H.  Hooper 

15 

Joseph  Carson 

50 

Anthon}'  E.  Stocker 

15 

E.  Dunglison  . 

50 

Wm.  R.  Bullock     . 

10 

APPENDIX. 

191 

$10 

John  H.  Packard 

$     5 

10 

Citizens — 

10 

Blanchard  &  Lea      . 

300 

10 

J.  B.  Lippincott  «fc  Co.     . 

200 

10 

C.  H.  Fisher    . 

100 

10 

John  J.  Kramer 

100 

10 

Blair  &  Wyeth 

.       100 

10 

Isaac  Lea 

100 

10 

Lindsay  &  Blakiston 

100 

10 

George  Ord 

50 

10 

Henry  Seybert 

50 

10 

Robert  P.  De  Silver 

25 

5 

William  Hembell     . 

20 

B.  H.  Coates    . 
John  D.  Griscom 
Samuel  L.  HoUingsworth 
William  Hunt 
William  V.  Keating 
D.  Paul  Lajus 
Gotthilf  Mochring    . 
W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger 
A.  M.  Slocum  . 
Francis  G.  Smith 
R.  H.  Townsend 
Robert  P.  Thomas    . 
J.  B.  Biddle     . 

At  a  meeting  of  the  college,  April  4,  LS60,  Dr.  Geo.  B.  Wood  stated  in 
substance  that  this  would  probably  be  the  last  opportunity  he  would  have 
before  going  to  Europe  to  express  the  strong  interest  he  felt  in  the  concerns 
of  the  college — that  at  the  time  when  it  would  be  necessary  to  begin  the 
work  in  order  to  complete  the  edifice  at  the  period  stipulated  to  secure  the 
Mutter  endowment,  the  fund,  exclusive  of  unpaid  subscriptions,  would  be 
about  $16,000,  or  $9000  less  than  the  estimated  cost  of  the  building — that  if 
the  college  would  raise  the  amount  needed  to  make  the  $25,000,  he  himself 
would  contribute  the  $5000  additional  which  would  probably  be  necessary  to 
finish  and  furnish  satisfactorily  the  proposed  hall — that  he  wished  the  college 
to  consider  him  formally  pledged  to  pay  this  sum  after  his  return  from  abroad, 
on  the  conditions  mentioned.  He  stated  also  that  "  he  had  taken  measures 
to  secure  the  sum  of  $5000  to  the  college,  should  any  contingency  occur  by 
which  his  return"  would  be  prevented. 


OFFICERS 

OF    THE 

COLLEGE  OF  PHYSICIANS  OF  PHILADELPHIA, 

prom  1786  till  january,  1887. 

Presidents — 12. 


John  Redman, 
William  Shippen, 
Adam  Kuhn, 
Thomas  Parke, 
Thomas  C.  James,* 


Elected.  Elected. 

Oct.        1786  George  B.  Wood,  Mar.   7,  1848 

July    2,  1805  W.S.W.Ruschenberger.fMay    7,  1879 

Sept.  6,  1808  Alfred  Stille,  Jan.    3,  1883 

July    7,  1818  Samuel  Lewis,  t  Jan.    2,  1884 


Mar.   3,  1835    J.  M.  Da  Costa, 


May    7.  1884 


Thomas  T.  Hewson,       July    7,  1835     S.  Weir  Mitchell,  Jan.    6,  1886 

*  Died  July  5,  1835. 

f  "  It  was  enacted  July  2,  1879,  that  no  fellow  shall  be  eligible  to  the  oflBce 
of  president  more  than  five  years  in  succession."  An  amendment  of  1882  limits 
the  tenure  of  the  presidency  to  three  years. 

X  Resigned  on  account  of  impaired  health  May,  1884. 


Vice-Presidents — 20. 


John  Jones, 
William  Shippen,  Jr., 
Adam  Kuhn, 
Samuel  Duffield,* 
Thomas  Parke, 
Samuel  P.  Griffitts, 
Thomas  C,  James, 
Thomas  T.  Hewson, 
Joseph  Parrish, 
John  C.  Otto, 


EUcted. 

ElecUd. 

Oct. 

1786 

Henry  Neill, 

July 

o 

-"1 

1844 

July, 

1791 

George  B.  Wood, 

Nov. 

3, 

1845 

July    2, 

1805 

Charles  D.  Meigs,  t 

July 

4, 

1848 

Sept.  6, 

1808 

Franklin  Bache, 

Jan. 

3, 

1855 

Aug.  13, 

1813 

George  W.  Norris, 

June 

1, 

1864 

July    7, 

1818 

W.S.W.Ruscbenbei 

•ger.May 

5, 

1875 

July  25, 

1826 

Alfred  Stille, 

June 

4, 

1879 

April  7, 

1835 

J.  M.  Da  Costa, 

Jan. 

3, 

1883 

July    7, 

1835 

S.  Weir  Mitchell, 

June 

4, 

1884 

July    7, 

1840 

John  H.  Packard, 

Jan. 

6, 

1886 

*  Declined  reelection  July  3,  1813. 


f  Declined  reelection  June,  1855. 


APPENDIX. 


193 


Censors — 31. 


Elect 

ed. 

Elected 

John  Morgan, 

Oct. 

1786 

George  B.  Wood, 

May 

5, 

1835 

William  Shippen,  Jr., 

11 

ti 

Charles  D.  Meigs, 

July 

7, 

1835 

Adam  Kuhn, 

11 

It 

J.  Wilson  Moore, 

July 

7, 

1840 

Benjamin  Rush, 

u 

"■ 

Henry  Bond, 

July 

2, 

1844 

Samuel  Duffield, 

July 

1, 

1788 

Samuel  Jackson,* 

Dec. 

2, 

1845 

John  Morgan, 

July 

7, 

1789 

George  W.  Norris, 

July 

4, 

1848 

Thomas  Parke, 

Nov. 

16, 

1789 

E.  La  Roche, 

Jan. 

6, 

1858 

James  Hutchinson, 

July 

5, 

1791 

Isaac  Hays, 

Jan. 

4, 

1860 

Caspar  Wistar, 

Dec. 

3, 

1793 

Joseph  Carson, 

u 

(( 

Samuel  Duffield, 

K 

u 

W.S.W.Kuschenberger,  " 

It 

Samuel  P.  Griffitts, 

July 

2, 

1805 

Lewis  Rodman, 

Jan. 

2, 

1861 

William  Currie, 

Sept. 

6, 

1808 

Edward  Hartshorne, 

July 

6, 

1864 

Thomas  T.  Hewson, 

Aug. 

13, 

1813 

Alfred  Stille, 

Jan. 

3, 

1877 

Plunket  F.Glentworth 

,July 

7, 

1818 

William  Goodell, 

" 

" 

Henry  Neill, 

" 

(( 

Samuel  Lewis, 

Jan. 

1880 

Edwin  A.  Atlee, 

July 

6, 

1819 

Alfred  Stille, 

Jan. 

1884 

Joseph  Parrish, 

July 

2, 

1822 

Samuel  Lewis, 

Jan. 

6, 

1886 

John  C.  Otto, 

July 

3, 

1823 

Censors,  Jan.  5,  1887 
and  Samuel  Lewis. 


Lewis  Rodman,  William  Goodell,  Alfred  Stille, 


*  Of  Northumberland. 


Secretaries — 18 . 


James  Hutchinson, 
Samuel  P.  Griffitts,* 
Thomas  C.  James, 
Thomas  T.  Hewson, 
Joseph  Parrish, 
J.  Wilson  Moore, 
Samuel  Emlen, 
Charles  D.  Meigs, 
Henry  Bond,t 


*  Declined  reelection. 
{  Declined  July,  1854. 
II  Resigned  Sept.  21,  1854. 


Oct. 

1786 

July 

1, 

1788 

July 

5, 

1796 

July 

6, 

1802 

July 

7, 

1812 

July 

6, 

1819 

July 

4, 

1820 

April  29, 

1828 

Aug. 

27, 

1833 

Elected. 

D.  Francis  Condie,t       Feb.   7,  1843 
Francis  West,^  July  4,  1854 

W.S.W.Ruschenberger,||July  19,  1854 
Alfred  Stille,  Oct.    4,  1854 

Edward  Hartshorne,       Jan.    6,  1858 
John  H.  Packard,  Jan.    1,  1862 

Wra.  G.  Porter,  Jan.    3,  1877 

Richard  A.  Cleemann,1[Jan.    1,  1879 
Isaac  Norris,  Jr.,  May    6,  1885 

t  Resigned  Jan.  3,  1843. 
g  Declined  to  accept. 
^  Resigned  May,  1885. 


13 


194 


APPENDIX. 


Treasurers — 7. 


ElecUd. 

Gerardus  Clarkson,       Oct.  1786 

Samuel  Duffield,  Oct.      5,  1790 

Benjamin  Say,  Apr.     1,  1791 

Thomas  C.  James,        July     4,1809 
*  Declined  reelection  July  17,  1838. 


Elected. 

J.  Wilson  Moore,*       July   25,  1825 
J.  Rodman  Paul,  July     2,  1839 

Charles  Stewart  Wurts,  Nov.  21,  1877 


John  Bell  was  elected  Oct.  2,  1838,  but 


refusing  the  oflSce,  Dr.  Moore  was  reelected 


Librarians — 8. 


Elerted. 

Nicholas  B.  Waters,*  Mar.  6,  1792 

Michael  Leib,  Nov.  6,  1792 

T.  Hewson  Bache,  Jan.  3,  1855 

C.  S.  Boker,  Jan.  6,  1864 


J.  H.  Slack, 
Robert  Bridges,! 
Frank  Woodbury,^ 
Charles  t.  Fisher,^ 


Honorary  Librarian,  James.^utchinson,  Jan.  3,  1883. 
Assist,  in  the  library.  Miss  Emily  Thomas,  Jan.  30,  1883. 


Elected. 

Jan.  4,  1865 

Jan.  1,  1868 

Mar.  3,  1881 

July  1882 


*  Drs.  Waters  and  Leib  were  volunteers.  The  library  was  in  charge  of  the 
censors,  till  1834.  Then  the  standing  committee  on  the  library  was  created,  the 
chairman  of  which  was  regarded  as  librarian.  The  office  was  created  in  1854, 
and  the  first  librarian  elected  Jan.  3,  1855. 

t  Resigned  March  1,  1881.  +  Resigned  July  5,  1882. 

^  Mr.  Charles  f.  Fisher  was  engaged  temporarily,  and  continued  to  be  As- 
sistant Librarian. 


Councillors — 25. 


Wilson  Jewell,  Jan. 
Francis  W.  Lewis, 
Squire  Littell, 
Alfred  Stille, 
Ellerslie  Wallace, 
Francis  West, 

Caspar  Morris,  Jan. 
W.S.  W.Ruschenberger,  Jan. 
James  H.  Hutchinson,  Jan. 

John  S.  Parry,  June 

William  S.  Forbes,  Jan. 

H.  Lenox  Hodge,  Mar. 

John  H.  Brinton,  Jan. 


Elected. 

6,  1864 


1,  1868 

6,  1869 

1,  1873 

2,  1875 

3,  1877 

7,  1877 
2,  1878 


James  Tyson, 
Wharton  Sinkler, 
Louis  Starr, 
S.  Weir  Mitchell, 
S.  W.  Gross, 
J.  C.  Wilson, 
I.  Minis  Hays, 
Arthur  V.  Meigs, 
Rich'd  A.  Cleemann, 
William  Thomson, 
Charles  W.  Dulles, 
Morris  J.  Lewis, 


Jan 

ElecUd 
4, 

1882 

(1 

(( 

Jan 

3. 

1883 
1884 

Nov. 
Jan. 


1885 

t( 

1886 
(( 

3,    " 

5,  1887 


New  appointments  are  made  only  when  vacancies  occur. 
Councillors,  Jan.  1887,  Charles  W.  Dulles,  Arthur  V.  Meigs,  Richard  A. 
Cleemann,  William  Thomson,  Morris  J.  Lewis,  James  Tyson. 


APPENDIX. 

Recorders — 3. 

Elected. 

Edward  Ehoads,  Jan,    5,  1870    J.  Ewing  Mears, 

Frederick  W.  Lewis,        "      4,  1871 


195 


Elected. 

Jan.    3,  1872 


John  Neill, 
William  Hunt, 


Curators  of  the  Mtseum — 4. 

Elected.  Elected. 

Oct.     2,  1849    John  H.  Packard,  Jan.    2,  1861 

Jan.    6,1858    Thomas  Gr.  Morton,  Jan.     1,1862 


Curators  of  the  Mutter  Museum — 4. 

Elected.  Elected. 

Thomas  Gr.  Morton,       June   3,  1863     WiUiam  Hunt,  temp.,    Feb.         1874 
T.  Hewson  Bache,*       Jan.  3,    1866    Guy  Hinsdale  (act'g),    Nov.        1885 

*  Declined  reelection  Jan.  1884.     Dr.  Hinsdale  was  Curator  Jan.  1887. 


Standing  Committees — 26. 

Lib7-ary  Co77imittee. — 27. 


John  Jones, 
Caspar  Wistar, 
Samuel  P.  Griffitts, 
Thomas  Parke, 
J.  Wilson  Moore, 
William  S.  Coxe, 
Simon  A  Wickes, 
Henry  Bond, 
Squire  Littell, 
Francis  West, 
Benjamin  H.  Coates 
J.  Wilson  Moore, 
William  Pepper, 
John  J .  Reese, 
Francis  West, 


Elected. 

June  3,  1788 


Mar. 
Oct. 


1789 
1834 


Oct.  6,  1835 
Aug.  1,  1837 
June  6,  1843 


Samuel  Lewis, 
S.  Paul  Lajus, 
Thos.  F.  Betton,t 
W.  F.  Atlee, 
Alfred  Stille, 
Robert  Bridges,  I 
John  Ashhurst,  Jr. 
I.  Minis  Hays, 
S.  \V.  Gross, 
Samuel  Lewis, 


Elected. 

June  19, 1854 

Jan. 

3,  1855 

Jan. 

4,  1860 

Jan. 

2,  1861 

Jan. 

6,  1864 

June 

1  i 

6,  1866 

Jan. 

1,  1873 

Jan. 

3,  1883 

(( 

(1 

(I 

(( 

Jan. 

7,  1885 

Mar. 

4,  1885 

Jan. 

6,  1886 

"  "       Morris  Longstreth, 

June,      1844*  S.  Weir  Mitchell, 
June  2,  1846     George  C  Harlan, 

"       William  Osier, 
June  1,  18471 

Jan.  1887.  Library  Committee  consisted  of  I.  Minis  Haj'S,  Samuel  W. 
Gross,  Morris  Longstreth,  George  C  Harlan,  and  William  Osier,  with  the 
Honorary  Librarian  ex  officio. 


*  Second  election. 
X  Resigned  Oct.  1860. 


f  Second  elecliori. 

§  Number  of  committee  increased  to  five. 


196 


APPENDIX. 


Committee  on  Publication — 27 
Elected. 


May,       1793 


Elected. 

Francis  G-.  Smith,  Nov.   1,  1854 

Saml.L.  Hollingsworth,  "  " 


Nov. 


1841 


Andrew  Eoss,* 

Caspar  Wistar, 

Samuel  P.  Griffitts, 

Michael  Leib, 

William  Currie, 

John  H.  Gibbons, 

Benjamin  Rush, 

William  Shippen,  Jr. 

D.  Francis  Condie, 

Isaac  Parrish, 

John  Bell, 

Samuel  Jackson, 

Alfred  Stille, 

W.S.W.Kuschenberger,    "  " 

Jan.  1887.  The  Committee  consisted  of  James  H.  Hutchinson,  Robert  P. 
Harris,  Arthur  V.  Meigs,  and  the  Recorder  ex  officio. 

*  The  first  three  were  to  prepare  the  "  copy,"  the  second  three  to  superintend 
the  publication,  and  Drs.  Rush,  Shippen,  and  GrifStts  to  write  a  preface,  of  the 
first  volume  of  the  Transactions. 


1846 
Nov.   5,  1853 


R.  P.  Thomas, 
Henry  Hartshorne, 
W.  F.  Atlee, 
Samuel  Lewis, 
J.  M.  Da  Costa, 
John  Ashhurst,  Jr., 
James  H.  Hutchinson, 
I.  Minis  Hays, 
Roberts  Bartholow, 
Robert  P.  Harris, 
Arthur  V.  Meigs 


Nov. 

V, 

1S60 

Jan. 

1 1 

6, 

1864 

June 

1, 

1864 

Jan. 

4, 

1865 

Jan. 

1, 

1868 

1  i 

1873 

Jan. 

4, 

1882 

Jan. 

3, 

1883 

Jan. 

2 

1884 

Moreton  Stille, 
Edward  Hallowell, 
Isaac  Parrish, 
Edward  Hartshorne, 


Covimittee  on  the  Museum, — 8. 

Elected. 
Oct.     2,  1849 


Jan.    7,  1857 


William  Hunt, 
R.  P.  Thomas, 
William  Gobrecht, 
James  Darrach, 


Elected. 

Jan.    7,  1857 

Jan.    6,  1858 
Jan.    2,  1861 


Com.77iittee  on  the  Miitter  Museum. — 5. 
E  lected. 

Jan.    6.  1863    John  H.  Brinton, 
"  "       Morris  Longstreth, 


ElecUd. 

Nov.  7,  1878 
Jan.    6,  1886 


J.  R.  Paul, 
William  Hunt 
S.  Weir  Mitchell, 

Jan.  1887.  Committee  consisted  of  William  Hunt,  John  H.  Brinton,  and 
Morris  Longstreth. 


Coinm,ittee  on  Lectures — 9. 
Elecud. 


Jan.    6,  1864 


George  B.  AVood, 

S.  D.  Gro.«s, 

Joseph  Leidy, 

George  W.  Norris, 

Franklin  Bache,  "  " 

Jan.  1887.  Drs.  Leidy,   Goodell,  Norris,   Packard,  constituted  the  com 
mittee. 


D.  Francis  Condie, 
William  Goodell, 
William  F.  Norris, 
John  H.  Packard, 


Elected. 

June  1,  1864 
Jan.  4, 1871 
May  5,  1875 
July    2,  1879 


APPENDIX. 


197 


Hall  Committee — 17. 


Elected. 

Elected 

!, 

Isaac  Hays, 

July 

1, 

1863 

T.  Hewson  Bache, 

Jan. 

1, 

1873 

Edward  Hartshorne, 

" 

Robert  P.  Harris, 

May 

5, 

1875 

J.  Rodman  Paul, 

1 1 

R.  H.  Alison, 

Jan. 

4, 

1882 

George  W.  Norris, 

u 

William  S.  Forbes, 

Jan. 

3, 

1883 

George  Fox, 

(( 

H.  Y.  Evans, 

Jan. 

2, 

1884 

Franklin  Bache, 

1  c 

J.  Ewing  Mears, 

Jan. 

") 

1885 

Lewis  Rodman, 

Jan. 

6, 

1864 

Morris  J.  Lewis, 

a 

{.  1 

J).  Francis  Condie, 

I  ( 

(t 

William  B.  Hopkins, 

1 1 

" 

Caspar  Morris, 

u 

4, 

1871 

Jan.  1887.  The  committee  consisted 
Lewis,  and  Hopkins. 


of  Drs.  Evans,  Bache,  Mears,  M.  J. 


Committee  on  Finance — 5. 


Appointed.  Appointed. 

Dec.     7,  1882  W.S.W.Kusclienberger,Jan.      3,  1883 

"  "  John  Ashhurst,  Jr.,      Jan.         1886 

"  WiUiam  F.  Norris,         Feb.         1887 


George  Fox, 
Caspar  Wister, 
Lewis  Rodman, 

Jan.  1887.  The  Committee  consisted  of  Drs.  Ruschenberger,  Wister,  and 
Ashhurst,  with  the  President  and  Treasurer  ex  officio. 


Com.mittee  on  the  Directory  for  Nurses — 8. 


S.  Weir  Mitchell, 
W.  W.  Keen, 

Samuel  Lewis, 
John  H.  Brinton, 


Appointed. 

Feb.    1,  1881 


Appointed. 

Robt.  P.  Harris,  Feb.  1,  1882 

Albert  H.  Smith,  Mar.  1,  1882 

Wharton  Sinkler,  Jan.  2,  1884 

J.  C.  Wilson,  Jan.  5,  1887 

Jan.  1887.  The  Committee  consisted  of  Drs.  Keen,  Sinkler,  and  Wilson. 


Com.mittee  on  Entertainments — 9. 

Samuel  W.  Gross,* 
W.  W.  Keen, 
Richard  J.  Dunglison, 
Rich'd  A.  Cleemann, 
J.  Ewing  Mears, 

Jan.  1887.  The  committee  consisted  of  Drs.  Cleemann,  Starr,  Keating,  and 
Taylor,  with  the  President  ex.  officio. 

*  Resigned  from  the  Committee  March  5,  1884. 


Appointed. 

App 

ointed. 

Jan.    2. 

1884 

J.  Murray  Chester, 

Jan. 

1886 

u 

a 

Louis  Starr, 

Mar. 

3,  1886 

(( 

i( 

John  M.  Keating, 

Jan. 

1887 

" 

it. 

J.  Madison  Taylor, 

" 

<( 

Mar.  5, 

" 

198  APPENDIX. 

Committee  on  William  F.  Jenks  Prize — 3. 

Appointed.  Appointed. 

Ell  wood  Wilson,  Jan.        1886    Theophilus  Parvin,        Jan.        1886 

Robert  P.  Harris,  "  " 

Jan.  1887.  The  committee  consisted  of  Drs.  Wilson,  Harris,  and  Parvin. 

Mrs.  Helen  C.  Jenks,  in  order  to  found  a  memorial  of  her  late  husband, 
William  F.  Jenks,  M.D.,  in  November,  1885,  confided  to  the  custody  of  three 
trustees,  Drs.  James  H.  Hutchinson,  James  V.  Ingham,  and  W.  S.  W. 
Ruschenberger,  and  their  successors,  five  thousand  dollars  to  be  invested,  the 
income  thereof  to  be  used  for  the  payment  of  a  Prize  to  be  awarded,  once  in 
every  three  years  from  Jan.  1,  1886,  to  the  author  of  the  best  dissertation 
upon  obstetrics,  or  upon  the  diseases  of  women  and  children,  by  a  committee 
to  be  appointed  by  the  president  of  the  College  of  Phj'sicians  of  Philadel- 
]jhia.     For  details,  see  Trans.  Coll.  Phys.  Philad.,  page  xxxi.  vol.  8,  1886. 

•  Standing  CojnvmrEES  from  1834  to  1851. 

Committee  on  Public  Hygiene. 

Oct.  7,  1834.  John  Bell,  William  Darrach,  Ed.  Y.  Howell,  Joseph  Togno. 

Oct.  6,  1835.  John  Bell,  Thomas  T.  Hewson,  John  C.  Otto,  Joseph 
Parrish. 

Aug.  2,  1836-39.  John  Bell,  D.  Francis  Condie,  Thos.  T.  Hewson,  John 
C.  Otto,  Joseph  Parrish. 

July  7,  1840.  John  Bell,  until  Jan.  6, 1851,  when  this  and  the  six  following 
committees  were  abolished : 

Committee  on  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine. 

Oct.  1834,  35.  Benj.  H.  Coates,  Wm.  W.  Gerhard,  John  C.  Otto,  Caspar 
W.  Pennock.     In  1836,  Thomas  Stewardson  was  added  to  the  committee. 

1837.  A.  Bournonville,  Squire  Littell,  J.  Rodman  Paul,  John  Revere,  F. 
A.  Vandj'ke  were  added,  and  in  1838  Robley  Dunglison. 

1839.  A.  Bournonville,  James  H.  Bradford,  W.D.  Brinckle,  B.  H.  Coates, 
Robley  Dunglison,  Wm.  W.  Gerhard,  Ed.  Hallowell,  Samuel  Jackson  (North- 
umberland), Squire  Littell,  C.  W.  Pennock,  Edward  Peace,  William  Pepper, 
John  Revere,  Thomas  Stewardson,  Fred.  Turnpenny,  F.  A.  Vandyke,  Rush 
Yandj'ke,  Francis  West. 

July,  1840.  Benj.  H.  Coates. 

June,  1841.  Samuel  Jackson  (Northumberland)  till  Jan.  6,  1851  (except- 
ing the  year  1848,  when  B.  H.  Coates  served. 

Committee  on  Surgery. 

Oct.  1835.  William  Ashmead,  Reynell  Coates,  Joseph  Hartshorne,  who 
declined  in  Nov.,  Joseph   Pancoast,  Thos.  H.  Ritchie,  Joseph  Togno.     I 


APPENDIX.  19.9 

1836,  George  Fox,  Isaac  Hays,  Thomas  D.  Miittcr  were  added,  and  in  Nov. 
Joseph  Pancoast  was  appointed  Chairman,  vice  Kitchie,  deceased.  In  1837, 
Isaac  Parrish  and  John  T.  Sharpless ;  in  1838,  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger, 
and  in  1839,  Thos.  S.  Kirkbride,  George  McClellan,  and  Jacob  llandolph  were 
added.  1840,  Joseph  Pancoast.  1841,  1848,  G.  W.  Norris.  1842-47-49 
till  Jan.,  51,  Isaac  Parrish.     , 

Committee  on  Midwifery. 

Oct.  1834-35.  Lewis  P.  Gebbard,  R.  M.  Huston,  Chas.  D.  Meigs,  John 
Moore,  John  Ruan.  In  1836,  John  Moore  is  omitted ;  David  Rutter  was 
added  in  1837,  and  in  1839  Theophilus  E.  Beesley,  B.  D.  Neill,  J.  R.  Paul, 
Joseph  Warrington. 

July,  1840  and  41.  Charles  D.  Meigs  ;  1842-43,  Hugh  L.  Hodge. 

Aug.  1844-47.  Joseph  Warrington. 

June,  1848.  John  D.  Griscom  until  Jan.  1851. 

Committee  on  the  Diseases  of  Women. 

July,  1840  and  41.  R.   M.  Huston;  1842  and  43,  Joseph  Warrington; 
1844,  Hugh  L.  Hodge. 
1845,  46,  47.  Henry  Bond. 

1848.  Lewis  Rodman  till  Jan.  1851. 

Committee  on  the  Diseases  of  Children. 

Oct.  1834  and  35.  Theophilus  E.  Beesley,  Hugh  L.  Hodge,  Charles  Lukens, 
Henry  Neill;  1836,  J.  Marshall  Paul;  1837,  Charles  Noble;  and  1838,  J. 
R.  Paul  were  added. 

1839.  Hugh  L.  Hodge,  Charles  Lukens,  Henry  Neill,  Charles  Noble. 

1840.  Henry  Neill. 

1841-47.  D.  Francis  Condie ;  1848,  Edward  Hallowell. 

1849.  D.  Francis  Condie  till  Jan.  1851. 

Committee  on  Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacy. 

Oct.  1834-35.  Franklin  Bache,  George  Fox,  John  K.  Mitchell,  George  B. 
Wood. 

1836.  George  Fox  was  omitted.     1839,  Joseph  Carson  was  added. 

1840-41.  George  B.  Wood;  1842,  Franklin  Bache;  1843-45,  Joseph  Car- 
son ;  1846,  Francis  West;  1848,  Joseph  Carson  till  Jan.  1851. 

Committee  on  Meteorology  and  Ejndemics. 

March  6,  1787.  John  Carson,  William  Clarkson,  Saml.  P.  Griffitts,  James 
Hall,  John  Morris. 
Jan.  4,  1790  till  Nov.  1792,  Nicholas  B.  Waters. 
Nov.  6,  1792.  Thomas  Parke. 


200 


APPENDIX. 


After  the  publication  of  the  Transactions  in  1793,  the  committee  is  not 
mentioned  in  the  minutes. 

Oct.  7,  1834.  Nathaniel  Chapman,  R.  La  Roche. 

Oct.  6,  1835.  William  Darrach,  Thomas  T.  Hewson,  J.  W.  Moore,  J.  Mar- 
shall Paul,  Thos  Stewardson. 

Aug.  1836-39.  Wm.  Darrach,  Thos.  T.  Hewson,  J.  W.  Moore. 

July,  1840-42.  J.  W.  Moore  ;  1843,  Wm.  Darrach. 

1844-47.  J.  W.  Moore;  1848,  Governeur  Emerson. 

1849.  Henry  Gibbons. 

1850-54.  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger. 

1855-63.  Wilson  Jewell. 

1864-66.  James  M.  Corse. 

1866-73.  W.  Lehman  Wells. 

1874-80.  Richard  A.  Cleemann. 

1881  (April).  Joseph  G.  Richardson  till  the  committee  was  abolished 
in  1882. 


Committee  on  the  Pharmacopceia ,  fi-om  1788  to  1798. 


John  Redman, 
John  Jones, 
Adam  Kuhn, 
Thomas  P.  James, 


William  Shippen,  Jr., 
Benjamin  Rush, 
Saml.  P.  Griffitts, 
Benjamin  S.  Barton, 


Caspar  Wistar, 
James  Hutchinson, 
Thomas  Parke. 


Samuel  P.  Grifi&tts, 
Thomas  C.  James, 
Thomas  T.  Hewson, 
Thomas  T.  Hewson, 
Joseph  Hartshorne, 
George  B.  Wood, 
Franklin  Bache, 
George  B.  Wood, 
Franklin  Bache, 
Joseph  Carson, 
George  B.  Wood,      . 
J.  Carson, 


Appointed. 

Sept.  4,  1821 


April  29,1828 


Jan. 
Feb. 


Feb. 


1829 

1,  1848 


1868 


Appointed. 

Robert  Bridges,  Feb.         1868 

Horatio  C.  Wood, 

W.S.W.Ruschenberger,Sept.     5,  1877 

Robt.  Bridges, 

John  B.  Biddle, 

H.  C.  Wood, 

R.  J.  Dunglison, 

I.  Minis  Hays,  Oct.  25,     " 

Samuel  Lewis,  Dec.  14,     " 

Theodore  G.  Wormley,  June    8,  1878 

John  J.  Reese,  March     1879 


A  j'ear  or  two  previously  to  each  decennial  revision  of  the  pharmacopoeia, 
a  committee  was  appointed,  by  the  college,  to  revise  the  last  edition  of  the 
work,  and  suggest  such  amendments  as  it  might  deem  proper  to  be  made 
under  the  authority  of  the  National  Convention  at  its  next  meeting. 


APPENDIX. 


201 


Delegates  to  the  National  Convention  for  Revising  the  Pharmacopceia. 


Thomas  Parke, 
Thomas  T.  Hewson, 
George  B.  Wood, 
Franklin  Bache, 
Franklin  Bache, 
Henry  Bond, 
Joseph  Carson, 
Joseph  Carson, 
Henry  Bond, 
Francis  West, 


Elected. 

1820 
(( 

1830 
1840 


1850 


George  B.  Wood, 
Robert  Bridges, 
R.  P.  Thomas, 
George  B.  Wood, 
Robert  Bridges, 
Horatio  G.  Wood, 
W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger, 
Alfred  Stille, 
I.  Minis  Hays, 


Elected. 

1860 


1870 


Delegates  to  the  Pennsylvania  State  Convention,  elected.  Feb.  8,  1848. 


Joseph  Carson, 
Victor  L.  Godon, 
John  D.  Griscom, 
Samuel  Jackson. 


Isaac  Hays, 
Rene  La  Roche, 
Squire  Littell, 


J.  Forsyth  Meigs, 
Lewis  Rodman, 
F.  Gurney  Smith, 


Delegates  to  the  National  (Quarantine  and  Sanitary  Convention. 

Elected  April  J,  1857. 

Rene  La  Roche,  John  Bell,  Governeur  Emerson, 

Edward  Hartshorne,         D.  Francis  Condie. 


R^ne  La  Roche, 
Edward  Hartshorne, 


Elected  March  3,  1858. 

John  Bell, 

D.  Francis  Condie. 


Governeur  Emerson, 


R.  La  Roche, 
John  Bell. 

Wilson  Jewell, 

W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger 


Elected  April  6,  1859. 
Wilson  Jewell,  W.S.W.Ruschenberger, 


Elected  in  1860. 
John  Bell, 


Wm.  Maybury, 


Delegates  to  the  International  Medical  Congress  at  Paris,  elected  May  1,  1867. 

William  F.  Norris,  John  L.  Le  Conte,  Wilson  Jewell, 

Francis  W.  Lewis. 


202 


APPENDIX. 


Delegates  to  the  Centennial  Medical  Commission  and  International  Medical 


John  Ashhurst,  Jr., 
T.  Hewson  Bache, 
John  H.  Brinton, 
Joseph  Carson, 
Richard  A.  Cleemann, 
J.  M.  Da  Costa, 
Horace  Y.  Evans, 


Congress  of  1876,  elected  June 

W.  H.  Ford, 
W.  K.  Gilbert, 
S.  W.  Gross, 
Ed.  Hartshorne, 
I.  Minis  Ha3"s, 
William  Hunt, 
W.  W.  Keen, 


2,  1875. 

Thos.  S.  Kirkbride, 
J.  Ewing  Mears, 
George  K.  Morehouse, 
Wm.  F.  Xorris, 
Jacob  Roberts, 
W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger 
Horatio  C.  Wood. 


Dr.  Caspar  Wister,  Treasurer  of  the  International  Medical  Congress  of 
1876,  transferred  to  the  College,  February  4,  1880,  the  residuary  fund  of  the 
Congress,  $800,  to  establish  the  International  Medical  Congress  Trust,  the 
income  thereof  to  be  applied  to  the  illustration  of  the  Transactions  of  the 
College. 

Delegates  to  the  American  Medical  Association. 

Appointed  December  1,  184fi. — 17. 

Robert  Bridges,  Isaac  Hays,  J.  W.  Moore, 

H.  Bond,  Thomas  T.  Hewson,  J.  Rodman  Paul, 

D.  F.  Condie,  Saml.  Jackson,  Wm.  Pepper, 

George  Fox,  Caspar  Morris,  Jacob  Randolph. 

Alfred  Stille,  and  C.  D.  Meigs,  February  8,  1847.  Joseph  Carson,  Chas. 
R.  King,  and  Rene  La  Roche,  May  4,  1847. 


Henry  Bond, 
D.  F.  Condie, 
George  Fox, 
Isaac  Hays, 


Henry  Bond, 
D.  F.  Condie, 
Governeur  Emerson, 
George  Fox, 


Appointed  February  1,  1848 — 10. 

Samuel  Jackson,  William  Pepper, 

Chas.  D.  Meigs,  Alfred  Stille, 

J.  Rodman  Paul,  Charles  R.  King. 


Elected  February,  1849—10. 


Isaac  Hays, 
Saml.  Jackson, 
G.  W.  Norris, 

Elected  January,  1850 — 12. 


A.  Stille, 
Francis  West, 
G.  B.  Wood. 


B.  H.  Coates,  R.  La  Roche, 

Charles  Evans,  Chas.  D.  Meigs, 

Saml.  L.  HoUingsworth,  Casper  Morris, 
Wm.  H.  Klapp,  W.  Byrd  Page, 


J.  Rodman  Paul, 
Lewis  Rodman, 
W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger, 
F.  Gurney  Smith. 


APPENDIX. 


203 


Joseph  Carson, 
D.  F.  Condie, 
George  Fox, 
Isaac  Hays, 


Gr.  Emerson, 

J.  D.  Grriscom, 

Isaac  Haj's, 

S.  L.  Hollingsworth, 

R.  La  Roche, 


William  Ashmead, 
John  Bell, 
Henry  Bond, 
Robert  Bridges, 
Joseph  Carson, 


John  B.  Biddle, 
Robt.  Bridges, 
James  M.  Greene, 
John  D.  Griscom, 


Franklin  Bache, 
John  B.  Biddle, 
Robt.  A.  Given, 
P.  B.  Goddard, 


Franklin  Bache, 
J.  B.  Biddle, 
Henry  Hartshorne, 
Wm.  V.  Keating, 


Franklin  Bache, 
Thomas  Dillard, 
W.  W.  Gerhard, 
D.  Gilbert, 


Elected  February  4,  1851—12. 
Caspar  Morris,  J.  R.  Paul, 


John  Neill, 
George  W.  Norris, 
W.  Byrd  Page, 


Wm.  Pepper, 

W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger, 

Geo.  B.  Wood. 


Elected  March  2,  1852—14. 

John  Neill,  A.  E.  Stocker, 

J.  R.  Paul,  F.  West, 

W.S.W. Ruschenberger,  Caspar  Wister, 

F.  G.  Smith,  Geo.  B.  Wood. 
A.  Stillo, 

Elected  February,  1853—15. 

Gov.  Emerson,  Isaac  Hays, 

Charles  Evans,  R.  La  Roche, 

George  Fox,  J.  R.  Paul, 

Ed.  Hallowell,  W.  S.W.  Ruschenberger, 


Ed.  Hartshorne, 


Alfred  Stille. 


Elected  February  1,  1854 — 12. 

Isaac  Hays,  John  Neill, 

S.  L.  Hollingsworth,  L.  Rodman, 

Saml.  Lewis,  F.  G.  Smith, 

C.  D.  Meigs,  Geo.  B.  Wood. 


Elected  February  7,  1855- 

Ed.  Hartshorne, 
Bernard  Henry, 
John  Neill, 
Geo.  W.  Norris, 


-12. 

J.  R.  Paul, 
Francis  G.  Smith, 
Francis  West, 
Geo.  B.  Wood. 


Elected  February  6,  1856—12. 


C.  D.  Meigs, 
Geo.  W.  Norris, 
W.  Byrd  Page, 
J.  R.  Paul, 


Alfred  Stille, 
R.  P.  Thomas, 
Geo.  B.  Wood, 
Thos.  H.  Yardley. 


Elected  April  1,  1857—12. 

Ed.  Hartshorne,  C  D.  Meigs, 


S.  L.  Hollingsworth, 
Jos-  Hopkinson, 
B.  S.  Janney, 


Geo.  W.  Norris, 
Francis  West, 
Geo.  B.  Wood. 


204: 


APPENDIX. 


Thos.  F.  BettoD, 
John  B.  Biddle, 
Joseph  Carson, 
Isaac  Hays, 
S.  L.  HolUngsworth, 

Addinell  Hewson, 
S.  L.  Hollingsworth, 
William  Hunt, 
R.  La  Roche, 
S.  W.  Mitchell, 

James  M.  Corse, 
Henry  E.  Drayton, 
James  M.  Greene, 
Addinell  Hewson, 

On  account  of  the 
1861-62. 

W.  F.  Atlee, 
Charles  S.  Boker, 
Joseph  Carson, 
J.  M.  Corse, 


D.  F.  Condie, 
J.  M.  DaCosta, 
Augustine  H.  Fish, 
D.  Gilbert, 
H.  Lenox  Hodge, 

D.  F.  Condie, 
J.  M.  Da  Costa, 
S.  D.  Gross, 
J.  H.  Hutchinson, 
Wilson  Jewell, 


Augustine  H.  Fish, 

Isaac  Hays, 

C.  Percy  La  Roche, 

Squire  Littell, 

J.  H.  B.  McClellan, 


Elected  March  3,  1858—13. 

Samuel  Lewis, 
Geo.  W.  Norris, 
J.  R.  Paul, 
Lewis  Rodman, 


W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger 
Francis  West, 
Caspar  Wister, 
Geo.  B.  Wood. 


Elected  April  6,  1859—13. 

J.  R.  Paul,  R.  H.  Townsend, 

James  E.  Rhoads,  E.  Wallace, 

W.S.W.  Ruschenberger,  Caspar  Wister, 

A.  Stille,  Geo.  B.  Wood. 

Elected  April  4,  1860— ] 2. 
Wm.  Hunt,  J.  R.  Paul, 

Squire  Littell,  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger, 

Caspar  Morris,  Francis  West, 

Geo.  W.  Norris,  Caspar  Wister. 

disturbed  state  of  the  country  no  meetings  were  held  in 


Elected  May  6,  1863—12. 
George  Fox, 
J.  Cheston  Morris, 
Geo.  W.  Norris, 
John  H.  Packard, 

Elected  May  4,  1864—13. 

J.  H.  Hutchinson, 
John  F.  Lamb, 
Squire  Littell, 
S.  W.  Mitchell, 


J.  R.  Paul, 
Alfred  M.  Slocum, 
W.  D.  Stroud, 
Caspar  Wister. 


John  J.  Reese, 
Lewis  Rodman, 
A.  M.  Slocum, 
W.  D.  Stroud. 


Elected  April  5,  1865—14. 

J.  J.  Levick,  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger, 

Wm.  Maybury,  Alfred  M.  Slocum, 

Caspar  Morris,  R.  H.  Townsend, 

Geo.  W.  Norris,  Owen  J.  Wister. 
John  H.  Packard, 

Elected  April  11,  1866—14. 
W.  Maybury,  R.  H.  Townsend, 

S.  W.  Mitchell,  W.  L.  Wells, 

J.  C.  Morris,  Caspar  Wister, 

Geo.  W.  Norris,  Geo.  B.  Wood. 

A.  StiUe, 


APPENDIX. 


205 


W.  F.  Atlee, 
W.  S.  Forbes, 
F.  H.  Getchell, 
D.  Gilbert, 
S.  D.  Gross, 


Elected  April  3,  1867—15. 
L.  D.  Harlow, 
H.  Lenox  Ilodge, 
Wm.  Hunt, 
J.  F.  Lamb, 
J.  J.  Levick, 


Wm.  May  bury, 
A.  Nebinger, 
A.  M.  Slocum, 
A.  Stille, 
Caspar  Wister. 


Elected  April  15,  1868—16. 

S.  L.  Hollingsworth, 
J.  J.  Levick, 
Samuel  Lewis, 
S.  W.  Mitchell, 
Geo.  W.  Norris, 


John  Ashhurst,  Jr., 
T.  Hewson  Bache, 
D.  Francis  Condie, 
Emil  Fischer, 
G.  P.  Gebhard, 
Ed.  Hartshorne, 

Appointed  by  the  Council  April 

T.  H.  Bache,  Ed.  Hartshorne, 

John  H.  Brinton,  Isaac  Hays, 

D.  Murray  Cheston,  C.  D.  Meigs, 


D.  F.  Condie, 
J.  M.  Da  Costa, 
A.  D.  Hall. 

John  Ashhurst,  Jr., 
John  H.  Brinton, 
J.  M.  Da  Costa, 
H.  Lenox  Hodge, 
William  Hunt, 


John  M.  Adler, 
John  H.  Brinton, 
J.  M.  Da  Costa, 
Wm.  Goodell, 
Saml.  D.  Gross, 
Wm.  S.  Halsey, 


S.  W.  Mitchell, 
Caspar  Morris, 


J.  H.  Packard, 

L.  Rodman, 

W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger, 

A.  M.  Slocum, 

Caspar  Wister. 

9,  1869—16. 

Geo.  W.  Norris, 
John  H.  Packard, 
W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger, 
Alfred  Stille, 
George  B.  Wood, 


Elected  April  6,  1870—15. 

J.  Ewing  Meats, 
J.  C.  Morris, 
Geo.  W.  Norris, 
J.  H.  Packard, 
Wm.  Pepper, 

Elected  April,  1871—18. 

Horace  B.  Hare, 
0.  A.  Judson, 
W.  W.  Keen, 
S.  W.  Mitchell, 
W.  F.  Norris, 
Isaac  Ray, 

Elected  April  3,  1872—20. 


J.  G.  Richardson, 
F.  G.  Smith, 
A.  Stille, 
W.  L.  Wells, 
Caspar  Wister. 


W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger, 

F.  G.  Smith, 

A.  Stille, 

Ralph  M.  Townsend, 

Richard  H.  Townsend, 

Geo.  B.  Wood. 


John  H.  Ashhurst,  Jr.,    A.  Douglas  Hall, 


T.  Hewson  Bache, 
Robert  Bridges, 
J.  M.  Da  Costa, 
Horace  Y.  Evans, 
R.  J.  Dunglison, 
Ed.  Hartshorne, 


S.  B.  Howell, 
Wm.  Hunt, 
F.  F.  Maury, 
J.  H.  Packard, 
B.  H.  Rand, 
Isaac  Ray, 


W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger, 

F.  G.  Smith, 

A.  Stille, 

R.  H.  Townsend, 

EUerslie  Wallace, 

H.  C.  Wood,  Jr. 


206 


APPENDIX. 


D.  Hayes  Agnew, 
John  Ashhurst  Jr., 
Joseph  Carson, 
J.  SoUs  Cohen, 
Sanil.  D.  Gross, 
W.  F.  Jenks, 
W.  W.  Keen, 

Harrison  Allen, 
Charles  S.  Boker, 
C.  H.  Burnett, 
Richard  A.  Cleemann, 
L.  A.  Duhring, 
Horace  Y.  Evans, 


Elected  April  2,  1873—19. 

Joseph  Leidy, 
J.  Aitkin  Meigs, 
Geo.  W.  Norris, 
Joseph  Pancoast, 
J.  S.  Parry, 
Wm.  Pepper, 

Elected  April  2,  1874—1' 

WiUiain  Goodell, 
Samuel  D.  Gross, 
H.  Lenox  Hodge, 
James  V.  Ingham, 
J.  Ewing  Mears, 
J.  Aitkin  Meigs, 


Isaac  Ray, 

W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger, 

Wm.  Thomson, 

Ellerslie  Wallace, 

George  B.  Wood, 

H.  C.  Wood,  Jr. 


W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger, 
F.  G.  Smith, 
A.  Stille, 
W.  L.  Wells, 
H.  C.  Wood. 


At  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  held  at  Detroit, 
Michigan,  June,  1874,  the  plan  of  organization  was  amended  so  that  only 
State,  County,  and  District  medical  societies  are  entitled  to  be  represented 
in  it. 


ROLL  OF  FELLOWS 

OF    THE 

COLLEGE  OF  PHYSICIANS  OF  PHILADELPHIA, 

Elected  during  the  Century  ending  January,  1887. 


*  Died  while  a  fellow,  d . 
t  Resigued,  Res. 

g  Forfeited  fellowship  by  negligence  of  timely 
payment  of  annual  contributions,  Ft. 
N   R.,  Non-resident, 
b.,  born. 
P.,  President. 
V   P.,  Vice-President. 


Abbreviations. 

Sec  ,  Secretary. 
Sect.,  Section. 
Comp.,  Companion. 
Constit.,  Constituent  member. 
Milit  ,  Military. 

The  date  placed  immediately  after  a  name  ia 
the  date  of  election. 

.  following  a  title,  signifies  that  it  is  still 

held. 


FELLOWS. 

Abbott,  Griffith  E.    Oct.  1883.    b.  Feb.  7,  1850. 

A.B.  1871,  A.M.  1874,  M.D.  1879,  Univ.  Pa.,  Ph.D.  1875,  Jena.  Memb. 
Chem.  Geschel.  Berlin  1873  ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Jan.  1878  ;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1880;  Amer.  Acad.  Med.  1882;  Demonstrator  Chemistry 
Med.  Dep.  Univ.  Pa.  1877-79. 

Adler,  John  M.     April,  1870.     b.  Aug.  9,  1828. 

A.B.  1847,  A.M.  1851,  Coll.  N.  J. ;  M.D.  1851,  Columbia  Coll.  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  Phys.  Panama  R.  R.  Co.  1852-55  ;  Act.  Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  A. 
1861-65 ;  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1856 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 

Agnew,  D.  Hayes.     January,  1859.     b.  Nov.  24,  1818. 

M.D.  1838,  Univ.  Pa. ;  LL.D.  1876,  Coll.  N.  J. ;  Lecturer  Philad. 
School  Anat.,  Surg.  Philad.  Hosp.  1854;  Demonstrator  Anat.  and  Asst. 
Lect.  Surgery  1863,  Univ.  Pa. ;  Surg.  Wills  Hosp.  1864 :  Surg.  Pa.  Hosp. 

1865-71-1877 . ;  Orthopcedic  Hosp.  1867  ;  Prof.  Clinical  Surg.  1870; 

Prof.  Principles  and  Pract.  Surg.  1871 .  Univ.  Pa. ;  Prof.  Clinical 

Surgery  Univ.  Hosp.  1874 ;  Consult.  Surg.  Orthopcedic  Hosp.,  German- 
town  Hosp.  1880  ;  Philad.  Dispens. ;  Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April, 
1872,  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872,  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.,  P.  1877  ;  Manager 

House   of  Refuge  1871 . ;     Incorporator  Amer.  Soc.  for  Prevent. 

Adulterat.  of  Food,  March,  1885 ;  Constit.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. ; 
Acad.  Surg.  Philad. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872. 


208  APPENDIX. 

Alisox,  Robert  H.     (N.  R.)    April,  1876. 
M.D.  1869,  Univ.  Pa. 

Allen,  Harrison.     January,  1867.     b.  April  17,  1841. 

M.D.  1861,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  July,  1862, 
Corresp.  Sec.  Feb.  1867-Jan.  1868 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1868  ; 
Boston  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  1878 ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1864-78,  V.  P. 
1877 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1875 ;  Biological  Soc.  Washington,  D.  C. 
1880 ;  Amer.  Laryngological  Assoc.  1883,  P.  1886  ;  Amer.  Assoc.  Natu- 
ralists, 1883,  P.  1886 ;  Neurological  Soc.  Philad.  1887 ;  Historical  Soc. 
Texas  1887  ;  Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862-65 ;  Comp.  Milit.  Order  Loyal 
Legion,  U.  S.  1887 ;  Asst.  Surg.  Wills  Hosp.  1868-70 ;  Surg.  Philad. 
Hosp.  1870-78 ;  St.  Joseph's  Hosp.  1870-78 ;  Prof.  Compar.  Anat. 
1865-78,  Physiology  1878-85,  Emeritus,  Univ.  Pa. ;  Prof.  Anat.  Philad. 
Dental  Coll.  1867-78. 

*Allex,  Jonathax  M.     July,  1852. 

M.D.  1840,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1852; 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1852. 

Allis,  Oscar  H.    April,  1873. 

M.D.  1866,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Attend.  Surg.  Presbyterian  Hosp. 
and  Howard  Hosp. 

Andrews,  Thomas  Hollingsworth.  January,  1869.  b.  Feb.  15,  1843. 
M.D.  1864,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. 
1866 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  May,  1868 ;  Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  1869 ; 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1870 ;  Historical  Soc.  Pa.  1872 ;  Obstetrical  Soc. 
Philad.  1878 ;  Med.  Jurisprudence  Soc.  Philad.  1885.  Resid.  1864r-66, 
Surg.  Out-patient  Dep.  1874-76  Pa.  Hosp. ;  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A. 
Hosp.  1863;  Surg.  Howard  Hosp.  1868-75;  Consult.  Surg.  Hosp.  Good 
Shepherd,  Radnor,  Pa.  1872  ;  Coroner's  Phys.  1874:-77  ;  Demonstrator 
Anat.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1872-79. 

*Annan,  William.     June,  1796.     d.  Oct.  4,  1797. 

AsHBRiDGE,  Richard,  U.  S.  N.    (N.  R.)    April,  1882.    b.  July  10,  1854. 
A.B.  1872,  Haverford  Coll.;  M.D.  1875,  Univ.  Pa. 

*AsHBRiDGE,  AVilliam.     Jan.  1872.     b.  March  15, 1846.     d.  Dec.  13, 1884. 
M.D.  1867,  Univ.  Pa.   Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. ;  Surg.  Ger- 
man Hosp.  Philad. ;  Phys.  Out-patients,  Pa.  Hosp.  and  Univ.  Hosp. 

AsHHURST,  John,  Jr.    July,  1863.     b.  Aug.  23,  1839. 

A.B.  1857;  A.M.  M.D.  1860,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp. 
1861-62;  Act.  Asst.  Surg.  U.S.A.  1862-65;  Surg.  Episcopal  Hosp. 
1868-80,  Manager  1880 ;  Children's  Hosp.  1870 ;  Consult.  Surg.  Hosp. 


APPENDIX.  209 

Good  Shepherd  1874,  St.   Christopher's  1875,  Woman's  Hosp.  1880; 

Prof.  Cliuical  Surg.  Univ.  Pa.  1877 . ;  Memb.  Centennial  Med.  Com- 

mi,ssion  1875-76 ;  V.  P.  Surg.  Sect.  International  Med.  Congr.  1876 ; 
Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1861,  P.  1870;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1874; 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1880 ;  Constit.  Fellow  Acad.  Surgery  1879  ;  Constit. 
Memb.  Amer.  Surgical  Assoc.  1880;  Memb.  Historical  Soc.  Pa.  1859; 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Oct.  1860;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1884. 

AsHHURST,  Samuel.     April,  1865.     b.  Sept.  14,  1840. 

M.D.  1861,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. ;  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc. ;  Board  of  Health  Philad. ;  Alumni  Soc.  Med.  Dep.  Univ. 
Pa.,  Chair.  Exec.  Comt.  1886  ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  March,  1867. 
Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.S.A.  1863. 

AsHMEAD,  William.    Jan.  1835.    b.  July  2,  1801. 

M.D.  1826,  Univ.  Pa.  Surg.  Philad.  Hosp. ;  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens., 
Magdalen  Asylum,  Philad.;  xMemb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Med.  Soc. 
State  Pa.;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847. 

fAxLEE,  Edwin  At! CxUSTrs.     July,  1815.     b.  Nov.  16, 1776.     Res.  Aug.  16, 
1822.     d.  March  8,  1852. 
M.D.  1804,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Jan.  1819. 

Atlee,  Walter  Franklin.    April,  1857.    b.  Oct.  12,  1828. 

A.B.  1846,  Yale ;  M.D.  1850,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 
May,  1857;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1855. 

*Atlee,  Washington  L.  June,  1846.  b.  Feb.  22,  1808.  d.  Sept.  7,  1878. 
M.D.  1829,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Prof.  Chemistry  Pa.  Coll.  1845-53. 
Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc,  P.  1874;  P.  Med.  Soc  State  Pa. 
1875;  Internat.  Med.  Congress,  1876;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc  1847,  V.P. 
1876-77;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Med.  Soc  State  Pa.,  P.  1874;  Con- 
stit. Amer.  G-ynecological  Soc ;  Phys.  Lancaster  Co.  Hosp.  18  ;4. 
Treasurer  of  Commissioners  of  Lancaster  Co.  Pa. 

*Bache,  Franklin.  April,  1829.  b.  Oct.  25,  1792.  d.  March  19,  1864. 
A.B.,  M.D.  1814,  Univ.  Pa.  Phys.  Walnut  St.  Prison  1824-36  ;  East- 
ern Penitentiary  1829-39.  Prof.  Chemistry,  FrankHn  Inst.  Pa  1826-32; 
Philad.  Coll.  Pharmacy,  1831-41  ;  and  Jefferson  Med.  Col!.  1841-64. 
Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1816;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc  Philad.  Dec  1817- 
Nov.  1822;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc  1847;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1820, 
Sec.  1825-42,  V.  P.  1843-52,  P.  1853-55;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc  1852. 

14 


210  APPENDIX. 

Baciie,  Thomas  Hewson.    April,  1852.    b.  Sept.  16,  1826. 

A.B.  1846,  A.M.  1849,  Univ.  Pa.;  M.D.  1850,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.;  Pathological  Soc 
Philad. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1855.  Resid.  Ph3's.  1852-53  Pa.  Hosp.; 
Surgeon  Western  Clinic.  Infirm.  (Howard  Hosp.);  Attend.  Phys.  Chil- 
dren's Hosp.  nh  origine  1870;  Surgeon  17th  Reg.  Pa.  Volunteers  1861  ; 
U.  S.  Vols.,  1861-65  (Major  and  Bvt.  Lt.  Col.) ;  Manager  and  Treasurer 
Children's  Hosp.  Philad. ;  Director  and  V.  P.  Pa.  Instit.  for  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb. 

B-\ER,  Benjamin  F.    June,  1883.     b.  Jan.  29,  1846. 

M.D.  1876,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Pathological 
Soc.  Philad.;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.,  P.  1885-87.  Maternity  Hosp. 
Demonstrat.  Clinical  Surg.  Univ.  Pa.,  1878-85 ;  Prof.  Obstetrics  and 
Gynecology  Philad.  Polyclinic  1885 . 

Baker,  Washington  H.    April,  1879. 

M.D.  1875,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  March,  1876. 

Baldwin,  Louis  K.    April,  1876.    b.  March  27,  1836. 

M.D.  1862,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.     Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1870, 

Treasurer,  1883 .  ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1871  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc, 

1883.      Act.  Assist.   Surg.  U.  S.  A.   1862-65.      Phys.   Charity  Hosp. 
1868-70. 

Bartholow,  Roberts.     Oct.  1879.     b.  Nov.  18,  1831. 

A.B.  1848,  A.M.  1854,  M.D.  1852,  Univ.  Maryland  ;  LL.D.  1877,  Mt. 
St.  Mary's  Coll.  Emmetsburg,  Md.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1868 ; 
Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1880  ;  Philad.  Co.  3Ied.  Soc.  1880  ;  (Honorary) 
State  Med.  Societies  of  Connecticut,  of  New  York,  and  of  Ohio  ;  Societe 
Medico-Pratique,  Paris ;  Richmond  Med.  Soc.  ;  Cincinnati  Acad.  Med. 
Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  Army  1856-64.  Prof.  jMat.  Med.  and  Therapeutics 
1867,  afterward  Theory  and  Pract.  Med.  Med.  Coll.  Ohio:    Prof.  Mat. 

Med.  Therapeutics  and  H.vgieue,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1879 .     Phys. 

Cholera  Hosp.,  and  Hosp.  Grood  Samaritan,  Cincinnati  1866  ;  Philad. 
Hosp.  1886 . 

*Barton,  Benjamin  Smith.    April,  1790.     d.  Dec.  15,  1815,  jet.  48. 

Presid.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  1808-12.  Prof.  Mat.  Med.  and  Botany,  In- 
stitutes and  Practice,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1789, 
V.  P.  1802-16.     Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1798-1815. 

IIBarton,  William  P.  C.     June,  1815.     b.  Nov.  17,  1886.     ft.  Jan.  1822. 
d.  Feb.  29,  1856. 

A.B.,  Coll.  N.  J.  ;  M.D.  1808,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1809.  Memb. 
Philad.  Med.  Soc.  1806,  Orator  1817  ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Oct.  1813,  Sec. 


APPENDIX.  211 

1817-20;  P.  Linnean  Soc.  Surg.  1st  Troop  Philad.  Cavalry,  1808; 
Surg.  U.  S.  N.  June,  1809,  Chief  Bureau  Med.  and  Surg.  Navy  Dep. 
Sept.  1842-March  31,  1844.  Prof.  Botany  Univ.  Pa.  1820  ;  Prof.  Mat. 
Med.  and  Botany,  Jeflfeison  Med.  Coll. 

BauiAI,  Charles.     Jan.  1883.    b.  Jan.  1,  1855. 

A.B.  1874,  A.M.  1877,  Pa.  Coll.  Gettysburg  ;  M.D.  1877,  Ph.D.  1878, 
Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1879-80 ;  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 
1883.  Attend.  Phys.  Northern  Home  for  Friendless  Children,  1878-86 ; 
Visit.  Phys.  Northern  Dispens.  1881. 

Baxter,  Henry  F.    April,  1873.    b.  June  26,  1843. 

A.B.  1860,  A.M.  1865,  Central  High  School,  Philad.;  M.D.  1864,  Univ. 
Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1868 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Feb. 
1873- June,  1874  ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1876  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1880. 
Phys.  3d  Poor  Dist.  1864-72 ;  Vaccine  Phys.  3d  Dist.  1872-82. 

Beates,  Henry,  Jr.     Nov.  1883.    b.  Dec.  20,  1857. 

M.D.  1879,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1880;  Obstet- 
rical Soc.  Philad.  1880;  Philad.  Clinical  Soc.  1884-85,  P. ;  Pathological 
Soc.  Philad.  1884;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. 

IIBeecher,  a.  C.  W.    Jan.  1874.     ft.  Nov.  7,  1883.    b.  March  26,  1845. 

M.D.  1867,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1872  ; 
Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1873:  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1886,  Sec.  1887. 
Resid.  Philad.  Hosp.  1867-69.  Assist.  Demonst.  Anat.  .Jefferson  Med. 
Coll.  1869-77;  Clinic.  Lect.  Diseases  of  Women  1869-74;  Dist.  Phys. 
Guardians  of  Poor  1870-74.     Demonst.  Anat.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1886. 

*Beesley,  Theophilus  Elmer.  Oct.  1832.  b.  Dec  5, 1796.  d.  Oct.  17,1867. 
M.D.  1819,  Univ.  Pa.    Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc. ;  V.  P.  Philad.  Co. 

Med.  Soc.  1852. 

*Bell,  John.    Feb.  1827.     b.  1796.     d.  Aug.  19,  1872. 

M.D.  1817,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Jan.  1816;  Philad. 
Co.  Soc.  Jan.  1849,  P.  1858  ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1832,  Councillor 
1858-64.;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1846-47.  Lecturer  Institutes  of  Med. 
Philad.  Med.  Institute;  Prof  Med.  Inst.  Med.  Coll.  Ohio  2  years. 
Phys.  City  Hosp.  1859. 

Benner,  Henry  D.    April,  1860.    b.  Oct.  7,  1833. 

M.D.  1854,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 

Bennet,  W.  H.     April,  1874. 

M.D.  1869,  Univ.  Pa.  Phys.  Episcopal  Hosp. ;  St.  Christopher's 
Hosp. 


212  APPENDIX. 

*Berkeley,  Carter  N.    June,  1840. 

]M.D.  1837,  Univ.  Pa.  Phys.  Episcopal  Hosp.,  St.  Christopher's 
Hosp. 

*Bertolet,  K.  M.    July,  1871. 

M.D.  1868,  Univ.  Pa.     Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1873. 

*BETroN,  Thomas  Forrest.  June,  1846.  b.  July  29, 1809.  d.  May  22,  1875. 
M.D.  1832,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Dec.  1828-Dec. 
1838  ;  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1829,  Sec.  1831 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1849  ; 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Jan.  1849,  P.  1854 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1857  ; 
V.  P.  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1848.  Phys.  House  of  Refuge  1836-37  ; 
Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862-65  ;  Surg.  1st  Troop  Philad.  Cavalry, 
1833.     Prof.  Surgery,  FrankUn  Med.  Coll.  1846-48. 

BiDDLE,  Alexander  AV.    Oct.  1884. 
M.D.  1879,  JefiFerson  Med.  Coll. 

*BiDDLE,  John  Barclay.  Jan.  1851.  b.  Jan.  3,  1815.  d.  Jan.  19,  1879. 
A.B.  1834,  St.  Mary's  Coll.,  Baltimore  ;  M.D.  1836,  Univ.  Pa.  Prof. 
Mat.  Med.  Franklin  Med.  Coll.  1846-48  ;  Prof.  Mat.  Med.  Pa.  Mod.  Coll. 
1842-59  ;  Prof.  Mat.  Med.  and  Gen.  Therapeutics  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
June,  ]  865,  Dean  of  the  Faculty.  Phys.  Pa.  Instit.  Deaf  and  Dumb  1841 . 
Phj's.  Girard  Coll.  1856.  Inspector  Philad.  Co.  Prison,  P.  of  Board  ; 
Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1848.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1853  ; 
Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1837,  Corres.  Sec.  1859 ;  P.  Assoc.  Amer.  Med. 
Colleges ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. 

BiDDLE,  Thomas.     April,  1884. 

M.D.  1876,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc  Philad.  Jan.  1877. 

Black,  John  Janvier.     (N.  R.)    April,  1866.    b.  Nov.  6,  1837. 

A.B.  Col!.  N.  J.  1858  ;  M.D.  1862,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  U.  S.  Marine 
Hosp.  San  Francisco,  Cal.  1858-60  ;  Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862-64  ; 
Resid.  Philad.  Hosp.  1864-65  ;  Trustee  for  the  Poor,  New  Castle  Co.  Del. 

1872-78 ;  Phys.  New  Castle  Co.  Del.  Prison  1878 . ;  P.  Board  Trustees 

New  Castle  Commission  1879;  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1864  ; 
P.  Del.  State  Med.  Soc.  1877  ;  Amer.  3Ied.  Assoc.  1876;  Assist.  De- 
monstrator Anat.  Univ.  Pa.  1864;    P.  Farmers'  Bank  State  Del.  1885. 

Boardman,  Charles  HodCxE.    (N.  R.)    Jan.  1867.    b.  May  25,  1838. 

A.B.  1859,  Yale;  M.D.  1862,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc. 
Philad.;  Ramsey  Co.  (Minn.)  Med.  Soc,  P.  1876;  Minn.  State  Med. 
Soc,  Record.  Sec.  1877 ;  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  V. 


APPENDIX,  213 

BoKER,  Charles  Stewart.    July,  1859.    b.  Oct.  22,  1828. 

A.B.  Coll.  N.  J.;  M.R  1852,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  June,  1866.     Surg.  St.  Joseph's  Hosp. 

*BoLLES,  Lucius  S.    April,  1871.    b.  April  21,  1837.    d.  Aug.  15,  1873. 
A.B.  1859,  Brown  Univ.  ;   M.D.  1862,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat. 
Sc.  Philad.  June,  1868;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  See  1866;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1870  ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.     Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862-64;  Phys. 
St.  Mary's  Hosp.  1868-72. 

IIBOLLING,  Robert.     July,  1864.     b.  Dec.  11,  1832.    ft.  July  3,  1878. 

A.B.  Univ.  Va.  ;  M.D.  1855,  Univ.  Pa.;  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med. 
Soc.  ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Nov.  1860-March  '69  ;  Assist.  Ex.  Off. 
Mower  U.  S.  A.  Hosp.  1862  ;  Phys.  Charity  Hosp.  1860  ;  St.  Joseph's 
Convent  1861;  Bethesda  Home  1862  ;  Phys.  Hosp.  for  Consumptives 
Philad.  1886. 

*BoND,  Henry.     July,  1825.     b.  March  21,  1790.     d.  May  4,  1859. 

A.B.  1813,  M.D.  1816,  Dartmouth  Coll.  Memb.  Honorary,  Philad. 
Med.  Soc.  1819,  V.  P.  1844;  Honor.  Anatom.  Soc.  Edinb.  1819;  New 
Hampshire  Med.  Soc.  1820;  Philad.  Acad.  Med.  1820;  Memb.  Board 
of  Health  Philad.  1833-38,  P.  1837-8  ;  Philad.  Med.  Lyceum  ;  Kappa 
Lambda  Soc.  1823;  a  Corporator  of  Philad.  Coll.  Med.  1835;  Constit. 
Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1847;  Constit.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1846;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  ;  Soc.  for  Alleviating  Miseries  of 
Public  Prisons  ;  Corres.  New  England  Hist.  Soc;  Amer.  Statistical  Soc; 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Jan.  1830  ;  Corres.  National  Instit.  Washington 
D.  C. ;  Northern  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  New  Hampshire ;  Phys. 
Philad.  Disp. ;  Southern  Disp.  Philad.  1822;  Amer.  Statistical  As.soc. ; 
New  England  Historic.  Genealogical  Soc.  ;  Amer.  Antiquarian  Soc. ; 
Historical  Societies  of  Pa.,  New  York,  Maryland,  Wisconsin,  and  Massa- 
chusetts. 

*Bournonville,  Anthony.    May,  1837.   b.  Aug.  6,  1797.   d.  Feb.  27, 1863. 
A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D.,   1818,  Copenhagen,  Denmark;    1828,    Jefferson 
Med.  Coll.     Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc  Dec.  1 828 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 
1852. 

*BoYS,  William.    Nov.  1798,  elected  Assoc. 

^Bradford,  James  H.    Jan.  1839.    b.  Nov.  4,  1802.    d.  April  9,  1859. 

M.D.  1823,  Univ.  Pa.  Phys.  Chinese  Amer.  Hosp.  Canton,  China, 
1825-35.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc  Philad.  July,  1839-July,  '43. 

Bradford,  Tho]vl\s  Hewson.     April,  1884.    b.  July  16,  1848. 

M.D.  1874,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.     Resid.  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  Feb.  1875- 


214  APPENDIX. 

Oct.  '76;  DistrictPhys.  Philad.  Disp.Nov.  1876-Oct. '79  ;  Phys.  Charity 
Hosp.  Nov.  1880;  Howard  Hosp.  1882;  Disp.  Phys.  St.  Christopher's 
Hosp.  18S4;  Phys.  Children's  Hosp.  1886;  Gynecologist  Out-patient 
Dept.  Pa.  Hosp.  May,  1887  ;  Late  Surg.  3d  Reg.  Inf.  N.  Gr.  P.  Memb. 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1878;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1884;  Med.  Soc. 
State  Pa. 

^Bridges,  Robert.    July,  1842.    b.  March  -5,  1806.    d.  Feb.  20,  1882. 

A.B.  1824,  Dickinson  Coll. ;  M.D.  1828,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad. 
Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1826  ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Jan.  1835,  Libr.  1836-39, 
Corres.  Sec.  May,  1840-Dec.  '41,  V.  P.  Sept.  1850,  Dec.  '64,  P.  Dec.  1864- 
Dec.  '65 ;  Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  1836 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1844, 
Councillor  1859-77  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1852  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1847  ;  Philad.  Coll.  Pharmacy  1838,  Trustee  1839,  Prof.  General  and 
Pharmaceutical  Chemistry  1842-79  ;  Prof.  Chemistry  Franklin  Med. 
Coll.  1846-48. 

*Brinckle,  Tho^nias  R.     Jan.  1845.     b.  Sept.  20,  1804.     d.  July  8,  1853. 
M.D.  1826,  Univ.  Pa. 

*Brinckle,  William  Draper.     May,  1839.    b.  Feb.  9,  1798.    d.  Dec.  16, 
1862. 

A.B.  1816,  Coll.  N.  J. ;  M.D.  1819,  Univ.  Pa.  Phys.  City  Hosp. 
1827-39 ;  Buttonwood  St.  Cholera  Hosp.  1832.  Memb.  Pa.  Horticult.  Soc. 
Sept.  1843  ;  Honorary  Genesee  Valley  Horticult.  Soc.  1852  ;  New  York 
Horticult.  Soc.  Feb.  1853;  Constit.  Amer. Pomological  Soc,  P.;  Memb. 
Board  of  Health,  Philad.  1852;  Bishop  White  Prayer  Book  Soc.  1834. 

Brinton,  John  H.     Oct.  1856.     b.  May  21,  1832. 

A.B.  1850,  A.M.  1853,  Univ.  Pa.;  M.D.  1852,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  June,  1851  ;  Instituent,  Pathological  Soc. 
Philad.  Oct.  1857;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872;  Philad.  Surg.  Club  1877; 
Instituent,  Acad.  Surg.  Philad.  April,  1879  ;  Instituent,  Amer.  Surg. 
Assoc.  1880;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Feb.  1886. 
Surg,  and  Brigade  Surgeon  U.  S.  V.  Aug.  1861-March,  '65;  Lecturer 
Operat.  Surgery  1853-61  ;  Principles  and  Pract.  Surgery  1861  ;  Philad. 
Med.  Summer  Assoc;  Operat.  Surgery  Summer  Course  Jefferson  Med. 
Coll.  1867-82;  Mutter  Lecturer  on  Surgical  Pathology  (5th  Course,  Gun- 
shot Injuries)  1869;  Surgeon  St.  Joseph's  Hosp.  1859;  Philad.  Hosp. 

1867-82;  Jefferson  Coll.  Hosp.  1877 .  ;  Prof.  Practice  and  of  Clinical 

Surgery  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1882 . 

Bruen,  Edward  Tunis.    Oct.  1878.    b.  Aug.  12,  1851. 

Ph.D.  1872,  M.D.  1873,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  :\red.  Soc 
1877,  V.  P.  1886-87;  Patholog.  Soc  Philad.  1874;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 


APPENDIX.  215 

1880;  Climatological  Soc.  1884  ;  Philad.  Clinical  Soc.  1885  ;  Soc  Amer. 
Phys.  1886.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1874;  Assist.  Phys.  Univ.  Hosp. ; 
Assist,  to  Prof.  Physical  Diagnosis  Univ.  Pa.  1884 ;  Lecturer  on  Pa- 
thology Woman's  Med.  Coll.  1878 ;  Lately  Phys.  Out-patient  Dept. 
Children's  Hosp. 

tBucK,  William  Penn.     April,  1879.    res.  Dec.  5,  1883.    b.  July  22,  1845. 
M.D.  1869,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1875  ;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1877. 

Bullock,  William  R.    (N.  R.)    Jan.  1851.    b.  Oct.  4,  1824. 
M.D.  1847,  Univ.  Pa. 

Burnett,  Charles  Henry.    July,  1870.    b.  May  28,  1842. 

A.B.  1864,  A.M.  1867,  Yale  Coll.;  M.D.  1867,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1867-79  ;  Otological  Soc.  1872,  V.  P.  1878-82, 
P.  1883-85  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Jan.  1876  ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1883. 
Resid.  Episcopal  Hosp.  1867-68;  Aurist  Presbyterian  Hosp.  1872; 
Consult.  Aurist  Pa.  Instit.  for  Deaf  and  Dumb  1878  ;  Prof.  Otology 
Philad.  Polyclinic  1883 . 

*BURNS,  Robert.     Oct.  1875.     b.  Nov.  7,  1809.     d.  March  12,  1883. 

M.D.  1839,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1866,  V.  P. 
Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Northern  Med.  Soc.  Philad. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1865  ;  St.  Andrew's  Soc. ;  Historical  Soc.  Pa. ;  Sydenham  Soc. 

*Burpee,  David.     April,  1863.     b.  April  14,  1827.     d.  Sept.  14,  1882. 

M.D.  1851,  Pa.  Coll.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1872  Phys.  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  Howard  Hosp.  Philad. ;  Di- 
rector U.  S.  Army  Hosp.  Race  St.  Philad.  1862. 

Cadwalader,  Charles  E.     March,  1886.     b.  Nov.  5,  1889. 

A.B.  1858,  A.M.,  M.D.  1861,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med. 
Soc. ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. ;  Amer.  Acad.  Med. ; 
Mut.  Aid  Assoc.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Phys.  Church  Home  for  Chil- 
dren 1874;    Lincoln  Instit.  1876;    Home  for  the  Homeless  1874 . ; 

Philad.  Dispens.  1874 . 

IICaldwell,  Charles.    July,  1795.    ft.  Jan.  4,  1803.    b.  1772.    d.  July  9, 
1853. 

M.D.  1796,  Univ.  Pa.  Prof  Geology  and  Philosophy  of  Nat.  Hist. 
Univ.  Pa.  1815-18;  Prof  Institutes  Med.  Transylvania  Univ.  1819,  and 
Univ.  Louisville. 

*Carson,  John.     Jan.  1787.     b.  Nov.  12,  1752.     d.  Oct.  26,  1794. 

M.D.  Univ.    Edinb.      Attend.    Phys.    Philad.  Dispens.  Feb.  1786. 


216  APPENDIX. 

Surg.  1st  Troop  Pliilad.  Cavalry,  May,  1786,  July, '88;  Phys.  Hiber- 
nian Soc.  1798.  Trustee  Univ.  Pa.  1794.  Deputy  Grand  Master 
Grand  Lodge  Pa. 

*Caeson,  Joseph.     Dec.  1838.    b.  April  19,  1808.     d.  Dec.  30,  1876. 

A.B.  1826,  M.D.  1830,  Univ.  Pa.;  Eesid.  Philad.  Hosp.  1830-31; 
Phys.  Pa.  Hosp,  1849-54;  Foster  Home  1840;  Consult.  Phys.  Episcopal 
Hosp.  1852.  Prof.  Mat.  Med.  Philad.  Coll.  Pharmacy  1836-50;  Lec- 
turer Mat.  Med.  and  Pharm.  Med.  Institute  Philad.  1844;  Prof.  Mat. 
Med.  and  Therapeutics  Univ.  Pa.  1850-76.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc. 
Feb.  1828;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Oct.  1833,  Libr.  1834-36,  Record. 
Sec.  Dec.  1836-June,  '37,  V.  P.  Dec.  1869-Dec.  '75 ;  Amer.  Philos. 
Soc.  April,  1844,  Curator,  1859-76;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847;  National 
Conv.  Revis.  Pharmacopceia  1800,  P.  1870;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc,  P. 
1862 ;  State  Med.  Soc.  New  York ;  Internat.  Med.  Congr.  1876 ;  Director 
Philad.  Trust  and  Safe  Deposit  Co.  1872;  Constit.  Alumni  Soc.  Med. 
Dep.  Univ.  Pa. 

Chapik,  John  B.     Nov.  1885.     b.  Dec.  4,  1829. 

A.B.  1850,  Williams  Coll.,  M.D.  1853,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb. 
Assoc.  Superintendents  Amer.  Inst,  for  the  Insane,  1860;  Ontario  Go. 
(N.  Y.)  Med.  Soc.  1862;  Seneca  Co.  (N.  Y.)  Med.  Soc.  1871;  State 
Med.  Soc.  N.  Y.  1880;  Neurological  Soc.  Philad.  1885;  Med.  Jurispru- 
dence Soc.  Philad.  1885.  Eesid.  Phys.  New  York  Hosp.  1854;  Assist. 
Phys.  New  York  State  Lunatic  Asyl.  1854-58;  Res.  Phys.  Hosp.  for 
Insane,  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  1858-69;  State  Commis.  to  locate  and 
build  Willard  Asyl.  for  Insane  1865-69;  Med.  Superintend.  Willard 
Asylum  for  Insane  1869-84;  Phys.  in  Chief  Pa.  Hosp.  for  Insane 
1884 . 

Chapman,  Henry  C.    Jan.  1880.    b.  Aug.  17,  1845. 

M.D.  1867,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1868, 
Curator  1876;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1875;  Franklin  Instit.  of  Pa.; 
Prosector  Zoological  Soc;  Lecturer  Anat.  and  Physiology  Univ.  Pa. ; 
Prof.  Institutes  Med.  and  Physiology,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  April,  1880 

*Chapman,  Nathaniel.  Nov.  1807.  b.  May  28,  1780.  d.  July  1,  1853. 
M.D.  1800,  Univ.  Pa.  Surg.  1st  Troop  Philad.  Cavalry  1804.  Memb. 
Philad.  Med.  Soc.  1807,  P.  1816;  Acad.  Medicine,  P.  1821;  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  April,  1807,  Councillor  1817-28,  V.  P.  1828-46,  P.  1846-49; 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847,  P.  '48.  Prof.  Anat.  Pa.  Acad.  Fine  Arts  1812 ; 
Adjunct  Prof.  Midwifery,  1810;  Prof.  Mat.  Med.  1813,  Theory  and 
Pract.  Med.  1816-50,  Univ.  Pa. 

Cheston,  D.  Mueeay.     Jan.  1868.    b.  Feb.  23,  1843. 

M.D.  1864,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  May,  1867; 


APPENDIX.  217 

Constit.  Obstetrical   Soc.    Philad.;    Amer.  Med.   Assoc.  1866.     Resid. 
Episcopal  Hosp.  1864-65 ;  Phys.  Children's  Hosp.  1865-85. 

*Chovet,  Abraham.     Jan.  1787.     b.  May  25,  1704.     d.  March,  1790. 

Demonstrator  Anat.  Co.  Barbers  and  Surgeons  London  1735.  Lec- 
turer on  Anat. 

Clark,  Leonard  S.    April,  1873. 

M.D.  1867,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Sept.  1873. 
Med.  Examiner,  Order  of  Sparta  and  Philad.  Relief  League. 

*Clarkson,  Gerardus.     Jan.  1787.    b.  1737.     d.  Sept.  19,  1790. 
Memb.  Philos.  Soc.  1768;  Trustee  Univ.  State  Pa. 

tCLARKSON,  William.     Jan.  1787.     b.  Nov.  7,  1763.     Res.  Feb.  9,  1793. 
d.  Sept.  9,  1812. 

M.D.  1785,  Univ.  Pa.    Attend.  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  Feb.  1786. 

*Cleaver,  Isaac.     Oct.  1815.     d.  Feb.  10,  1822,  ^t.  36. 

M.D.  1805,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  1803,  Permanent 
Chairman  1807,  Orator  1809 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Jan.  1817. 

Cleemann,  Richard  Alsop.     Jan.  1872.     b.  Feb.  22,  1840. 

A.B.  1859,  A.M.,  M.D.  1862,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc. 
Philad.  1866;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1868,  P.  1882-84;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1872;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1876;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1879; 
Amer.  Acad.  Med.  1879;  International  Med.  Congress,  Sect.  1876. 
Resid.  Phys.  Hosp.  P.  E.  Church  1862 ;  Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A. 
Aug.  1862-Sept.  '64;  Dist.  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  1865-68;  Phys.  St. 
Mary's  Hosp.  1872-76,  1878-79;  Phys.  Church  Home  for  Children 
1868-80  ;  Alumni  Manager  Univ.  Hosp.  1880.  Memb.  Board  Health 
1878.     Corresp.  National  Board  Health  1879-80. 

*Clements,  Richard.     July,  1854. 

Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad."  July,  1852;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1855. 

Clymer,  Meredith.     (N.  R.)     July,  1842.    b.  June  6,  1817. 

M.D.  1837,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1836;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1842;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1848;  New  York  Co.  Med. 
Soc.  1869;  Soc.  Neurolgy,  P.  1874;  Soc.  Alumni  Med.  Dept.  Univ.  Pa., 
V.  P.  1875,  Orator  1876 ;  New  York  Soc.  Alumni  Univ.  N.  Y.  1886 ; 
Honorary.  Assoc.  Amer.  Phys.  1886.  Phys.  Philad.  Instit.  for  the  Blind 
1842-43;  St.  Joseph's  Female  Orphan  Asyl.  1843-50;  Philad.  Hosp. 
1843-46,  Consult.  Phys.  1846-50.  Lecturer  on  Instit.  Med.  1843,  and 
Pract.  Med.  1849,  Philad.  Med.  Instit.  Prof.  Pract.  Med.  Franklin 
Med.  Coll.  1846-48;  Prof.  Pract.  and  Instit.  Med.  Univ.  New  York  1851. 


218  APPENDIX. 

*C0ATES,  Benjamin  H.  May,  1827.  b.  Nov.  14,  1797.  d.  Oct.  16, 1881. 
M.D.  1818,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  1814-19,  Phys.  1828-41,  Pa.  Hosp. 
Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1817,  V.  P.  1844;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 
April,  1818;  Amer.  Pbilos.  Soc.  April,  1823;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847; 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  April,  1849,  P.  1859;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1864; 
Historical  Soc.  Pa.  V.  P. 

!|C0ATES,  Eeynell.     Feb.  1835.     ft.  1842.    b.  1802.     d.  April  27,  1886. 

M.D.  1823,  Univ.  Pa.  Eesid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1819-23.  Memb.  Philad.  Med. 
Soc.  Nov.  1824;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Nov.  1834-Aug.  '48. 

Cohen,  J.  Solis.    April,  1871. 

M.D.  1860,  Univ.  Pa.  Prof.  Diseases  of  the  Throat  and  Chest, 
Philad.  Polyclinic  and  Coll.  for  Graduates.  Phys.  German  Hosp. ; 
Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Oct.  1870-June'77;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1864;  26th  Eegt.  Pa.  Vol.  1861 ;  Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  N.  Sept.  4, 1861 
-Jan.  12,  '64;  U.  S.  A.  Hosp.  Philad.  1864. 

*CoLHOUN,  Samuel.     Aug.  1839.     d.  April  7,  1841,  set.  54. 

Resid.  1809-10,  Phys.  1816-2]  Pa.  Hosp.     Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc. 

*C0NDIE,  D.  Francis.     May,  1836.    b.  May  12,  1796.     d.  March  21,  1875. 
M.D.  1818,  Univ.  Pa.    Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847 ;  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc.  1852 ;  Soc.  State  Pa.,  P.  1859. 

*CoE,BiTT,  William  B.     Jan.  1870. 

Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1870. 

*CoRSE,  James  M.     Oct.  1857.     (N.  R.  from  Jan.  1869.)     d.  Aug.  10, 1885. 
set.  73. 

M.D.  1851,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1852 ;  Acad.  Nat. 
Sc.  Philad.  Nov.  1852-Aug.  '76 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1855. 

*CoxE,  ^YILLIAM  S.     Jan.  1829.    b.  April  16,  1790.     d.  July  20,  1837. 
A.B.  1807,  A.M.  1810,  Coll.  N.  J.;  M.D.  1811,  Univ.  Pa. 

Cruice,  Robert  Blake.    April,  1866.    b.  Sept.  29,  1838. 

M.D.  1859,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Dec.  1874 ; 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Jan.  1878 ;  Compan.  Milit.  Order  Loyal  Legion 
U.  S.  Jan.  1882;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1884.  Assist.  Surg.  Pa.  Vol.  Aug. 
1861 ;  Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  April,  1862.  Resid.  Aug.  1863,  Attend. 
Surg.  Dec.  1880,  Phys.  and  Surg,  in  charge  Jan.  1881,  St.  Joseph's  Hosp. 
Philad. . 

*Cruice,  William  R.     April,  1873.     b.  Dec.  23,  1842.     d.  Aug.  15, 1886. 
M.D.  1865,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Jan.  1876; 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1877,  V.  P.  1886. 


APPENDIX.  219 

*CuMMiNG,  John.    Oct.  1795. 

IICuMMiSKEY,  James.     April,  1868.     ft.  Nov.  7,  1883. 

M.D.  1856,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1860; 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Nov.  1869-June,  72. 

*CuKNiNGHAM,  James.     April,  1787.     d.  Dec.  1797. 
Phys.  Hibernian  Soc.  1793. 

*CuERiE,  William.     Jan.  1787.    b.  1754.     d.  June  13,  1828. 

Memb.  Board  of  Health,  Philad. ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  July,  1792. 
Phys.  Magdalen  Asylum. 

CuETiN,  Roland  G.     April,  1884.    b.  Oct.  29,  1829. 

A.M.  (Honorary),  1883,  M.D.  1866,  Ph.D.  1871,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1870  ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1871,  Treasurer 
1879-80;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1878;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Nov. 
1871 ;  Amer.  Climatological  Assoc.  1885,  V.  P.  1886 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1872;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  Resid.  Phys.  1866-67,  Visit.  Phys.  Philad. 
Hosp.  1868;  Maternity  Hosp. ;  Phys.  Throat  and  Chest  DejJt.  Howard 
Hosp.  1876-82;  Phys.  Univ.  Hosp.  1879;  Philad.  Lying-in  Charity 
1871 ;  Chief  of  Med.  Disp.  Univ.  Hosp.  1872-82.  Lect.  Physical  Diag- 
nosis, Univ.  Pa.  1877 ;  Assist.  Clinical  Med.  Univ.  Pa.  1875 ;  Assist. 
Med.  Director  International  Exhib.  1876  ;  Assist.  U.  S.  Geologist,  1868  ; 
U.  S.  Naval  Storekeeper  1861-65. 

Da  Costa,  Jacob  M.    Oct.  1858.    b.  1833. 

A.M.  M.D.  1852  ;  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.,  LL.D.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat. 
Sc.  Philad.  Feb.  1852 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Oct.  1866  ;  Amer.  Acad.  Arts 
and  Sc. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1855;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  ex-P.; 
Corresp.  Pathological  Soc.  N.  Y. ;  New  England  Historical  Soc. ;  Hono- 
rary, Med.  Soc.  State  N.  Y. ;  Med.  Soc.  London.     Prof.  Theory  and 

Pract.  Med.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1872 .     Phys.  Episcopal  Hosp.; 

Philad.  Hosp.  1865;  Pa.  Hosp.  1865 .     Consult.  Phys.  Children's 

Hosp. 

Da  Costa,  John  C.    Feb.  1884. 

M.D.  1878,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  June, 
1857;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Oct.  1879;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  Nov. 
1880,V.  P.  '87 ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1886.  Senior  Assist.  Phys.  Philad. 
Lying-in  Charity  and  Nurses'  School  1880-84 ;  Gynecologist  Jefferson 
Med.  Coll.  Hosp.  March,  1884 . 

*Dae.rach,  William.     May,  1828.     b.  June  16,  1796.     d.  May  6,  1865. 

A.B.  1815,  A.M.  Coll.  N.  J. ;  M.D.  1819,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Philad. 
Hosp.  1818 ;  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  7  years ;  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary ; 


220  APPENDIX. 

Howard  Hosp. ;  Eastern  Penitentiary,  Pa.  10  years ;  Southern  Home 
for  Friendless  Children.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med. 
Soc.  1852 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  March,  1823-March,  29.  Prof.  Theory 
and  Pract.  Med.  Pa.  Med.  Coll.  1843-54. 

^Darrach,  William.    Oct.  1866.    h.  1839.    d.  Jan.  28.  1881. 

A.B.  1859,  M.D.  1861,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc. ;  Alumni 
Soc.  Med.  Dep.  Univ.  Pa. ;  Act.  Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  A. 

Darrach,  James.    April,  1859.    b.  1828. 

A.B.  1849,  A.M.  1852,  Univ.  Pa. ;  M.D.  1852,  Pa.  Med.  Coll.  Eesid. 
Pa.  Hosp.  1853-54.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Phihid.  1857  ;  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc. ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Nov.  1858.  Surg,  in  charge  Cuyler 
U.  S.  A.  Hosp.  1862 ;  Consult.  Phys.  Germantown  Hosp.  and  of  Jewish 
Hosp. 

Deakyne,  a.  C.     June,  1874. 
M.D.  1854,  Pa.  Med.  Coll, 

Deal,  Lemuel  Jacob.    (N.  E.)    July,  1870.     b.  Feb.  24,  1842. 

A.B.  1860,  A.M.  1863,  Univ.  Pa. ;  M.D.  1865,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. ; 
Ph.D.  1872  Wagner  Free  Institute  Sc.  Memb.  Franklin  Institute, 
Pa.,  March,  1866  ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  July,  1867-June,  '77 ;  Northern 
Med.  Assoc,  P.  1863;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc,  Assist.  Sec.  1872;  Med. 
Soc.  State  Pa.  1873;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc  1868.  Attend.  Phys.  North- 
ern Dispens.  1866-73 ;  Asst.  Demonstrator  Anat.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
1866-73 ;  Attend.  Phys,  Dispens.  Episcopal  Hosp.  1878-85  ;  St.  Christo- 
pher's Hosp.  1877-85 ;  Lecturer  on  Chemistry  Franklin  Instit.  Pa. 
1866-67;  Prof,  of  Chemistry  Wagner  Free  Instit.  Sc.  1866-73  ;  Philad. 
Coll.  Pharmacy  1877 .     Woman's  Med.  Coll.  1874-75. 

Dercum,  Francis  X.    Jan.  1885. 

M.D.  1877,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc  Philad.  1878.  Instructor 
in  Nervous  Diseases,  Univ.  Pa.  1885 . 

fDiCKSON,  S.  Henry.     Jan.  1859.     b.  1798 ;  res.  Oct.  5,  1864.     d.  March, 
31,  1870. 
M.D.  1819,  Univ.  Pa. 

*DiLLARD,  Thomas.     Nov.  1842.    b.  Jan.  24,  1801.     d.  March  1,  1870. 

M.D.  1825,  Univ.  Pa.  Surg.  Mate  Nov.  1824;  Surg.  Jan.  1828,  U.  S. 
Navy.     Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1855. 

*Dorsey,  Nathan.     April,  1887.     d.  July  2,  1806. 
Lazaretto  Phys.  Philad.  1805. 


APPENDIX.  221 

Dowxs,  Egbert  Norton.    April,  1864.    b.  Sept.  15,  1829. 

M.D.  1856,  Univ.  Pa.  Act.  Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  Sept.  1862-65; 
Consult.  Phys.  Germantown  Hosp. 

^Drayton,  Henry  E.     April,  1851.     b.  Feb.  25,  1823.     d.  April  19, 1862. 
M.D.  1845,  Univ.  Pa.     Surg.  Episcopal  Hosp.,  P.  Board  of  Managers; 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1851. 

Drysdale,  Thomas  Murray.     June,  1884.    b.  Aug.  14,  1831. 

M.D.  1852,  Pa.  Med.  Coll.  ;  A.M.  1879  (honorary),  LaFayette  Coll. 
Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med  Soc.  1853,  V.  P.  1875,  P.  1876  ;  Med.  Soc.  State 
Pa.,  P.  1864,  Corresp.  Sec.  1873-74 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1873 ;  Amer. 
Acad.  Med.  1879;  V.  P.  1882;  Constit.  Amer.  Gynecological  Soc.  1876; 
British  Med.  Assoc.  1877 ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1877 ;  Obstetrical 
Soc.  Philad.  1877,  V.  P.  1881,  P.  1887 ;  Internat.  Med.  Congress,  1876. 
Assist.  Surg.  1st  Kegt.  Infant,  reserv,  1861,  Surg.  1863. 

DuER,  Edward  Louis.     April,  1864.     b.  June  19,  1836. 

A.B.  1857,  Yale  Coll. ;  M.D.  1860,  Univ.  Pa.  Surg.  U.  S.  Vol.  1861- 
65.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. ;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad. ;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1872.  Accoucheur  and  Clinical  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of 
Women  and  Children,  Philad.  Hosp. ;  Phys.  for  Disea-ses  of  Women, 
Presbyterian  Hosp. ;  Visit.  Phys.  Preston  Retreat ;  also,  of  State  Hosp. 
for  Women. 

*DuFFiELD,  BEN.JAMIN.     Jan.  1787.     b.  Nov.  3,  1753.     d.  Dec.  13,  1799. 
A.B.  1771,  Coll.  Philad.    [The  commencement  for  1774  was  not  held. 
Therefore  each  of  the  Medical  Professors  of  the  College  of  Philadel- 
phia gave  him  a  certificate  that  he  had  attended  the  full  courses  of 
lectures.]     Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  July,  1786. 

*DuFFiELD,  Samuel.    Jan.  1787.    b.  1732.    d.  Dec.  1814. 

M.B.  1768,  Coll.  Philad.  Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Dec.  1768, 
Curator  1774-82,  1786-91,  Councillor  1783  and  1805.  Wholesale  and 
Retail  Druggist  1768  ;  Surg.  Pa.  Navy  Oct.  1775  ;  Superintendent  Hosp. 
and  Pest  House,  Pa.  Navy  April,  1776.  Elected  member  of  the  Conti- 
nental Congress,  by  the  Pa.  Assembly,  Sunday,  Se^jt.  14,  1777,  but  no 
evidence  that  he  served  has  been  found.  Phys.  of  Asylum  for  Orphans 
made  by  Yellow  Fever,  Oct.  1793 ;  Consult.  Phys.  Board  of  Health 
1798 ;  Phys.  to  attend  the  poor  of  the  city. 

[Benjamin  Duffield  and  Samuel  DiifBeld  were  not  of  the  same  family.] 

DuHRiNG,  Louis  A.    Jan.  1871-    b.  Dec.  23,  1845. 

M.D.  1867,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Amer.  Dermatological  Assoc,  P. , 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872 ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Pathological  Soc' 
Philad. ;  Corres.  New  York  Dermatological  Soc. ;  Honorary  McLain 
Soc.  London.     Lecturer  1871,  Clinic.  Prof.  Skin  Diseases  1876,  Univ. 

Pa. . ;  Dermatologist  Philad.  Hosp.  ;  Phys.  and  Consult.  Phys.  and 

P.  Trustees  Philad.  Dispens.  for  Skin  Diseases. 


222  APrENDix. 

Dulles,  Charles  Winslow.    Jan.  1881.    b.  Nov.  29,  1850. 

M.D.  1875,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1876;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1878 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1880.  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. 
1881;  West  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  1881;  Philad.  Acad.  Surgery,  1884. 
Eesid.  Philad.  Hosp.  1875-76;  Pa.  Hosp.  1877;  Registrar  1878-83, 
Surg.  Out-patients  Univ.  Hosp.  and  of  Presbyterian  Hosp.  1883 ;  lately 
Lecturer  on  Venereal  Diseases  Philad.  School  Anat. 

DuNGLisoN,  Richard  J.     April,  1863.    b.  Nov.  13,  1834. 

A.B.  1852,  A.M.  1855,  Univ.  Pa.;  M.D.  1856,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Memb.  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1867,  Sec.  1875  ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  May, 
1874-June,  '77;  Centennial  Med.  Commis.  Sec.  1875-76;  a  Sec.  Inter- 
nat.  Med.  Congr.  1876 ;  Amer.  Acad.  Med.,  Sec.  and  Treas.  1878  ;  Amer. 

Med.  Assoc,  Assist.  Sec.  1876,  Treasurer  1877 . ;  Philad.  Co.  Med. 

Soc.  1863  Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862-65;  Phys.  Burd  Orphan 
Asylum;  Pa.  Instit.  for  Instruct,  of  the  Blind  1861;  Director  Mutual 
Aid.  Assoc.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Corresp.  Sec.  Alumni  Assoc- 
Jefferson  Med.  Coll. ;  P.  Musical  Fund  Soc.  Philad. 

*DUNGLIS0N,  ROBLEY.  June  18,  1838.  b.  Jan.  4,  1798.  d.  April  1,  1869. 
Licentiate  Royal  Coll.  Surg.  London  1819 ;  M.D.  1824,  Univ.  Erlan- 
gen ;  M.D.,  Honorary,  1826  Yale ;  LL.D.  1852,  Jefferson  Coll.  Canons- 
burg,  Pa.  Phys.  Accoucheur  Eastern  Dispens.  Lond.  1824 ;  Prof.  Med- 
Sciences  Univ.  Va.  1825 ;  Prof.  Mat.  Med.  Therapeutics,  Hygiene  and 
Med.  Jurispr.  University  Md.  1833;  Prof.  Instit.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Philad.  June,  1836-68.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  Memb.  Amer.  Philos. 
Soc.  Jan.  1832,  Sec.  1840-52,  V.  P.  1853-56, 1858-59;  (Honorary)  Med. 
Soc.  State  of  New  York  Feb.  1833  ;  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Feb.  1837  ;  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc,  Philad.  Jan.  1853 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1857 ;  Training  School 
for  Idiots,  V.  P. ;  Musical  Fund  Society,  P. ;  Pa.  Institution  for  Instruc- 
tion of  the  Blind,  V.  P.  1844;  Chairman  of  the  Faculty  Univ.  Va. 

DUNGLISON,  Thomas  R.     (N.  R.)     July,  1871.    b.  March  10,  1837. 

A.B.  1855,  A.M.  1858,  Univ.  Pa.";  M.D.  1859,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1872 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1877. 

DuNOT,  Justus.    (N.  R.)     Feb.  1849. 

DuNTON,  William  R.     April,  1860.     b.  March  10,  1831. 

A.B.,  M.D.  1853,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. ;  Ob- 
stetrical Soc.  Philad.  Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1863  ;  Consult.  Phys. 
Germantown  Hosp. 

Edwards,  Joseph  F.    Oct.  1882.     b.  Dec.  8,  1853. 

M.D.  1874,  Univ.  Pa. ;  A.M.  1880,  Georgetown  Coll.  Memb.  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Philad.  Medico-Legal  Soc.  Memb.  State  Board  of 
Health,  Pa.  Resid.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1874;  Assist.  Surg.  2d  Reg. 
Nat.  Guard  Pa.  1876,  Surg.  1878. 


APPENDIX.  223 

Edwards,  William  A.    Jan.  1887.    b.  Aug.  20,  1860. 

3I.D.  1S81,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.Philad.  1882;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1884;  Med.  Soc  State  Pa.  1885.  Instr.  Clinical  Med. 
and  Phys.  Dispensary  Univ.  Pa.  1882;  Assist.  Pathologist  Philad.  Hosp. 
1882-83;  Med.  Registrar  Philad.  Hosp.  1884  ;  Phys.  St.  Joseph's  Hosp. 
1885. 

^Emerson,  G-ouveneur.    Feb.  1847.    d.  July  2,  1874. 

M.D.  1816,  Univ.  Pa.  Attend.  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  1821.  Memb. 
Philad.  Med.  Soc.  1813,  Sec.  1816  ;  Auier.  Philos.  Soc.  1833,  Councillor 
1837-46;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847:  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Aug.  1853; 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc,  P.  1857 ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. 

*Emlen,  James  Y.    April,  1852. 

M.D.  1849,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1852;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1855. 

*Emlen,  Samuel.     Aug.  1818.    b.  March  6,  1789.     d.  April  17,  1828. 

M.D.  1812,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1819  ;  Kappa 
Lambda  Soc.     Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  1815;  Pa.  Hosp.  1825-28. 

Eskridge,  J.  T.     Oct.  1880.     b.  June,  1848. 

M.D.  1875,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. 
1876  ;  Philad.  Clinical  Soc.  1877  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1879 ;  Amer. 
Neurological  Soc.  1883;  Philad.  Neurological  Soc.  1884;  Amer.  Clima- 
tological  Assoc.  1885  ;  El  Paso  Co.  Med  Soc  1884,  P.  1886  ;  Phys.  Eye 
and  Ear  Dept.  Philad.  Disp.  1876-77  ;  Catharine  St.  Disp.  1876-83  ; 
Howard  Hosp.  1881-83;  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  1882-84;  Jefferson  Med. 
Coll.  Hosp.  1883-84.  Instructor  in  Nervous  Diseases,  Post-Grrad.  Course 
Jeff.  Med.  Coll. 

*Evans,  Charles.    April,  1842.     d.  April  21,  1879,  aet.  77. 

M.D.  1828,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc  1852.  Attend. 
Phys.  Frankford  Asylum  for  the  Insane. 

Evans,  Horace  Y.    Oct.  1868.    b.  Oct.  1834. 

A.B.  1855,  A.M.  1858,  Coll.  N.  J.;  M.D.  1858,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc  1864,  P.  1882;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc  1872.  Yisit. 
Phys.  Charity  Hosp.  1864 ;  Episcopal  Hospital  1874.  Surg.  1st  Troop 
Philad.  Cavalry,  1867. 

IFassitt,  Louis.    April,  1866.    res.  Dec  7,  1870.     d.  Dec  9,  1883,  aet.  57. 
M.D.  1848,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc  Philad.  Jan.  1857-Sept.  66. 

Fenton,  Thomas  H.    April,  1884.    b.  May  28,  1856. 

M.D.  1877,  Univ.  Pa.   Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1879  ;  Patholog- 


224  APPENDIX. 

ical  Soc.  Philad.  1881 ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1880;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1884;  Amer.  Pub.  Health  Assoc.  1884;  Acad.  Nat.  So.  Philad.  Jan. 
1884;  Geraian  Med.  Soc.  Philad.  1887.  Resid.  Phys.  Episcopal  Hosp. 
1877;  Wills  Hosp.  1878;  Attend.  Phys.  Charity  Hosp.  1879 ;  Phys. 
Home  for  Aged  Couples,  1879;  CHnical  Assist.  Wills  Hosp.  1877-85; 
Atteud.  Ophthalmic  Surg.  House  of  Good  Shepherd,  1880  ;  St.  Vincent's 
Home,  1886;  Trustee  Chanty  Hosp.  1886;  Director  10th  School  Sect. 
1882-85. 

Finn,  W.  H.    Jan.  1872. 

M.D.  1863,  Univ.  Harvard.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Sept. 
1869-June,  '77.     Surg.  St.  Christopher's  Hosp. 

Fischer,  Emil.    Oct.  1866.    b.  June  22,  1832. 

M.D.  1855,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. 
1857  ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  May,  1857-Dec.  '63  ;  Northern  Med.  Assoc. 
1860;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1868  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1868;  Librarian 
Pa.  Hosp.  1855-57.  Phys.  Northern  Dispensary  1860-61  ;  Phys.  Ger- 
man Dispensary,  and  German  Hosp.  1858-74. 

*FiSH,  Augustine  H.    July,  1859.    b.  1828.    d.  Aug.  3,  1872. 

A.B.  1848,  Coll.  N.  J.,  M.D.  1851,  Univ.  Pa.  Eesid.  Philad.  Hosp. ; 
Phys.  Philad.  Dispens. ;  Phys.  Howard  Hosp. ;  Med.  Board,  Charity 
Hosp. ;  Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  Hosp.  West  Philad.  1862.  Memb. 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc,  V.  P.  1871 ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1862 ;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1858  ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. ;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad. 

Fisher,  Henry  Middleton.    May,  1884.    b.  May  29,  1851. 

A.B.  1872,  Harvard  Univ.,  M.D.  1875,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Patholog- 
ical Soc.  Philad.  1876 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc  Philad.  Jan.  1876  ;  Obstetrical 
Soc.  Philad.  1876.  Phys.  Out-patients  Pa.  Hosp.  1882;  Attend.  Phys. 
Episcopal  Hosp.  1883. 

Forbes,  Williaji  S.    April,  1862.    b.  Feb.  10,  1831. 

M.D.  1852,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.,  1866,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat. 
Sc  Philad.  Sept.  1856-June, '77 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc ;  Pathological 
Soc.  Philad.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc  1872.  Resid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1853-55; 
Surg.  English  MiUt.  Hosp.  Scutari,  Constantinople  1855 ;  Surg.  Epis- 
copal Hosp.  Philad.  1862-87  ;  Chief  of  Coll.  Avenue  Auat.  and  Operat. 
Surg.  School  1857-70;  Demonstrator  Anat.  1879-86;  Prof.  Anat.  and 
Clinical  Surg.  1886 .  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 

Ford,  William  Henry.    July,  1870.     b.  Oct.  7,  1839. 

A.B.  1860,  A.M.  1863,  Coll.  N.  J.,  M.D.  1863,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1869;  Philad.  Obstetrical  Soc.  1872; 
Amer.  Pub.  Health  Assoc.  1874;  Acad.  Med.  1878;  Board  of  Health, 
Philad.  1871,  Sec  1875-77,  P.  1877-79  and  1886-87. 


APPENDIX.  225 

FOR.AIAD,  Henry  F.     May,  1884.    b.  Feb.  1847. 

B.M.  1869,  Univ.  Heidelber<r;  M.D.  1877,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Patbo- 
logical  Soc.  Philad.  1877,  V.  P.;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Pbilad.  Jan.  1880; 
Franklin  Inst.  Pa.  1882;  Pliilad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1883;  Med.  Soc.  State 
Pa.  1884;  Assoc  Amer.  Physicians  1886  ;  Demonstrator  Pathology  and 
Morbid  Anat.  Univ-  Pa.  1877  ;  Pathologist  and  MicroscopistUniv.  Hosp. 

and  Philad.  Hosp.  1878  ;  Coroner's  Phys.  Pbilad.  1884 . ;  Librarian 

Stille  Med.  Library,  Univ.  Pa.  1878 . 

*FouLKE,  John.    Jan.  1787.     d.  1796. 

M.D.  1780,  Coll.  Philad.  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1784-94.  Lecturer  on 
Anat.  1784-96.    Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1784,  Sec.  1786-89. 

*Fox,  George.    Sept.  1831.    b.  May  8,  1806.    d.  Dec.  27,  1882. 

A.B.  1825,  M  D.  1828,  Univ.  Pa.  Surg.  Wills  Hosp.  1834-49  ;  Surg. 
Pa.  Hosp.  1848-54;  St.  Josepb's  Female  Orphan  Asylum  1838-54. 
Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Feb.  1827;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc  Philad.  May,  1836- 
Jan. '42;  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  V.  P.  1849:  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847; 
Treas.  Med.  Soc  State  Pa.  1848-52;  Director  National  Bank  of  Com- 
merce 1876-82. 

Fox,  Joseph  M.    May,  1885.    b.  July  16,  1855. 

M.D.  1877,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1886.  Surg. 
Out-patients  of  Pa.  Hosp. ,  of  Children's  Hosp..  and  of  Univ.  Hosp. 

1884. 

Fricke,  Albert.    Jan.  1864.    Sept.  13,  1815. 

M.D.  Univ.  Berlin,  Prussia.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc  Philad.  Nov. 
1859  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc  1849  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc  1872  ;  Historical 
Soc.  Pa.  1880.     Senior  Phys.  German  Hosp.  Philad.  1866-74. 

Gardette,  Emile  Blaise.     July,  1870.     b.  Aug.  12,  1803. 

M.D.  1838,  Jefferson  .Aled.  Coll.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 
April,  185.3-March,  '65 ;  French  Soc.  Bienfaisance  Philad. ;  Historical 
Soc.  Pa.  Trustee  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1856,  P.  Board  Trustees,  March, 
1876 . 

*Gebhard,  Lewis  P.     April,  1828.     b.  June  14,  1791.     d.  Dec  24,  1873. 
M.D.  1813,  Univ.  Pa.    Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc  Dec  1812 ;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc  1853,  P.  1864;  Northern  Med.  Assoc;  Soc.  Prevention 
Cruelty  to  Animals  ;  Colonization  Soc. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1864. 

Gerhard,  George  S.    April,  1873. 
M.D.  1870,  Univ.  Pa. 

1.5 


226  APPENDIX. 

*Gerhard,  William  Wood.  Sept.  1834.  b.  July  23, 1809.  d.  April  28,1872. 
A.B.  1826,  Dickenson  Coll. ;  M.D.  1832,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Pa.  Hosp. 
1834-36,  Pbys.  1845-68;  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  Memb.  Pbilad.  Med. 
Soc.  June,  1827  ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Nov.  1835  ;  Pathological  Soc. 
Philad.,  P.  1838;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1843.  Asst.  Prof.  Instit.Med. 
Univ.  Pa.  1838. 

Getchell,  Francis  Horace.    July,  1864.    b.  Dec.  8,  1836. 

M.D.  1859,  Dartmouth  Coll. ;  M.D.  1872,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Act 
Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862-65 ;  Gynecologist  Jefferson  Coll.  Hosp. ;  Ob- 
stetrician Catharine  Street  Dispensary.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc. 
Philad. 

*GiBB0NS,  HexVRY.     Aug.  1846.     b.  Sept.  8,  1808.     d.  Nov.  5,  1884. 

M.D.  1829,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  San  Francisco  Co.  Med.  Soc.  P. ;  State 
Med.  Soc.  Cal.,  P.  1857 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  July,  1844 ;  Constit. 
California  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  P. ;  Cal.  State  Board  of  Health  ;  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc.  1852;  Cal.  State  Prison  Commission;  Sons  of  Temperance; 
Los  Angeles  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1849.  Prof.  Mat.  Med. 
and  Therapeutics  Med.  Dept.  Univ.  of  the  Pacific,  1861 ;  Prof.  Theory 
and  Pract.  Med.  Cooper  Med.  Coll.  Visit.  Phys.  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  and 
Public  Hosp.,  San  Francisco. 

*GiBB0NS,  John  H.     March,  1788.     d.  Oct.  5,  1795,  set.  36. 
M.D.  1786,  Edinb.    Lecturer  Pract.  Med.  1789. 

^Gilbert,  David.    Oct.  1853.    d.  July  28,  1868. 

Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1850.   Prof.  Surgery  Pa.  Med.  Coll. 

IIGilbert,  W.  Kent.     Julj-,  1863.    b.  Dec.  28,  1829.     ft.  July  3,  1878.     d. 
June,  28,  1880. 

A.  B.  1848,  Pa.  Coll.  Gettysburg ;  M.D.  1862,  Pa.  Med.  Coll.  Resid. 
Philad.  Hosp.  Memb.  Hist.  Soc.  Pa. ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  May,  1866.     Coroner  Philad.  1878-80. 

GiRViN,  Robert  M.     March,  1885.     b.  Feb.  3,  1836. 

M.D.  1862,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.    Obstetrician  Philad.  Hosp.  1866-76; 

Gynecologist  Presbyterian  Hosp. .     Memb.  Philad  Co.  Med.  Soc. 

.;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad. .;  West  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  1881. 

Given,  Robert  Aiken.    Jan.  1848.    b.  March  15,  1816. 

M.D.  1839,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Delaware  Co. 
Med.  Soc. ;  Philad.  Neurological  Soc. ;  Assoc.  Med.  Superintendents  of 
Amer.  Instit.  for  the  Insane ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1855.  Assist.  Phys. 
Pa.  Hosp.  for  Insane  1841-44;  Phys.  Eastern  Penitentiary  1844-51; 
Superint.  Burn  Brae  (Del.  Co.,  Pa.)  Hosp.  for  Mental  and  Nervous  Dis- 
eases 1859 . 


APPENDIX.  227 

*Glentworth,  George.     Jan.  1787.    b.  July  22,  1735.     d.  Nov.  4,  1792. 
M.D.  Univ.  Edinb.     Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Oct.  1768.     Reg.  and 
Hosp.  Surg.  Amer.  Army  1777-80. 

*Glentworth,  Plunket  F.  Sept.  1792.    b.  July  27, 1760.    d.  Jan.  16,  1833. 
M.D.  1790,  Univ.  Pa. 

Gobrecht,  William  H.    (N.  R.)    July,  1854. 

M.D.  1849,  Med.  Coll.  Philad.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1852; 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  July,  1856-March,  '65;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1868. 

*GoDDARD,  Paul  Beck.     Nov.  1842.     d.  July  5,  1866,  «t.  57. 

M.D.  1832,  Univ.  Pa.  Demonstrat.  Anat.  Univ.  Pa.  1841 ;  Prof.  Anat. 
Franklin  Med.  Coll.  1847-52.  Surg.  1st  Troop  Philad.  Cavalry  1847; 
Surg.  U.  S.  V.  1863-65.  P.  Board  of  Health  Philad.  1859-63.  Memb. 
Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1831 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Feb.  1829,  Libr. 
Dec.  1833-Dec.  '34,  Curator  Dec.  1834-Dec.  '35 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc. 
April,  1840;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1855 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Med. 
Soc.  State  Pa. 

Godey,  Harry.    June,  1884. 

*G0D0N,  Victor  L.     June,  1846.     d.  1849. 

M.D.  1834,  Univ.  Pa.     Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  Navy  1835-44. 

Goodell,  William.     April,  1868.     b.  Oct.  17,  1829. 

A.B.,  A.M.,  Williams  Coll. ;  M.D.  1871,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc ;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad. ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. ; 
(Honorary)  Edinb.  Obstetrical  Soc. ;  Detroit  Obstetrical  Soc. ;  Medico- 
Chirurgical  Soc.  Maryland ;  Med.  Soc.  State  N.  Y. ;  Acad.  Med.  City 
of  N.  Y. ;  Corres.  Sec.  Centennial  Med.  Commis.  1875-76 ;  Corres.  Lon- 
don Obstetrical  Soc. ;  Imperial  Med.  Soc.  Constantinople;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1872 ;  Boston  Gynecological  Soc.  Phys.  in  charge  Preston  Re- 
treat.   Prof.  Clinical  Gynecology  Univ.  Pa. . 

Goodman,  Henry  Earnest.    Jan.  1867.    b.  April  12,  1836. 

M.D.  1859,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1868;  Oph- 
thalmological  Soc.  Philad.  1870;  Social  Sc.  Assoc.  Philad.  1870;  Amer. 
Pub.  Health  Assoc.  1866;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  Jan.  1877  ;  British  Med.  Assoc.  1868;  International  Oi^hthalmic 

Congr.  at  Heidelberg  1868 ;  Union  League  Philad.  1867 . ;  Comp, 

Milit.  Order  Loyal  Legion  U.  S.  1867  ;  Historical  Soc.  Pa.  1877  ;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Med.  Soc,  1886;  Council  of  Church  of  the  Holy  Communion, 
V.  P.  1870 ;  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  1866  ;  Army  of  the  Cum- 
berland, 1870;  Army  of  the  Potomac,  1870;  Internat.  Med.  Congr. 
1876.   School  Director  9th  Ward  Philad.  1870.    Resid.  Philad.  Hosp. 


228  APPENDIX. 

1859-60  ;  Wills  Hosp.  1860-61,  Attend.  Surg.  1872.  Surg.  8th  Pa.  CavL 
May  to  July,  1861;  28th  Reg.  Pa.  Vol.  July,  1861-May,  1864;  U.  S. 
Vol.  May,  1864-Dec.  65.     Port  Phys.  Philad.  1866-73 ;  U.  S.  Examining 

Surg,  for  Pensions  1866 .     A  Founder  and  Attend.  Surg,  and  Sec. 

Med.  Staff  Philad.  Orthopcedic  Hosp.  1867 .     Founder  Maternity 

Hosp.  and  Consult.  Surg.  1868 .    Surg.  Out-patients  Pa.  Hosp.  1872; 

Prof.  Surgery  1881-82,  Prof  Principles  and  Pract.  Surgery,  Orthopcedic 
and  Clinical  Surgery  1885,  Medico-Chirurgical  Coll.  Philad. . 

[Present  at  the  battles  of  Ball's  Bluff,  Cedar  Mountain,  Antietam,  Chaneel- 
lorsville,  Geltyshiirg,  Lookout  Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge,  Ringgold,  Resaca, 
and  all  the  battles  to  Atlanta,  Sherman's  march  to  the  sea  and  to  Washington. 
Bievetted  Lieut.  Col.  March  10th,  and  Colonel  April  5,  1865,  for  faithful  and 
meritorious  service  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion.] 

Graham,  John.     Nov.  1885.     b.  June  17,  1844. 

M.D.  1867,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Med.  Cadet  U.  S.  A.  July,  1863- 
April,  1865 ;  Asst.  Surg.  149th  Pa.  Volunteers  April  to  June,  1865,  2d 
Pa.  Heavy  Artillery  July,  1865-Jan.  '66.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 
1881 ;  Med.  Jurisprudence  Soc.  Philad.  1885. 

Granger,  William  H.    Jan.  1864. 
M.D.  1852,  Univ.  Pa. 

*Grant,  Wm.  Robertson.  June,  1846.  b.  Dec.  22, 1811.  d.  March  28, 1852. 
M.D.  1839,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.     Demonstrator  Anat.  1838^2,  Prof. 
Anat.  Pa.  Coll.  1843-52.     Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1848 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Dec.  1849. 

*Greene,  Alfred.    Jan.  1857. 

*Greene,  James  M.     April,  1849.    b.  Sept.  24,  1795.    d.  June  9,  1871. 

M.D.  1823,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Philad.  Hosp.  1823-24;  Surg.  Mate 
April,  1825,  Surg.  Dec.  1828-71  U.  S.  Navy.  Memb.  Franklin  Inst.  Pa. 
Feb.  1846;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1852;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1855. 

Grier,  Matthew  J.     Oct.  1870.     b.  March  8,  1838. 

M.D.  1863,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. 

*Griffitts,  Elijah.    April,  1821. 

M.D.  1804,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1852. 

Griffith,  John  P.  Crozer.     Jan.  1883.    b.  Jan.  5,  1856. 

A.B,  1877,  Ph.D.  M.D.  1881,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  Feb.  1876 ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1882;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 


APPENDIX.  229 

1886.   Resid.  Phys.  Presbyterian  Hosp.  1881-82;  Phys.  Philacl.  Dispens. 
1882-86;    St.  Clement's  Dispens.  1886;    Southern  Home  for  Children, 

1883.     Asst.  Demonstrator   Histology  Univ.  Pa.,  1883-86 .;    Asst. 

to  Prof.  Pract.  Med.  Univ.    Pa.,    1886 .;    Consult.  Phys.    Baptist 

Orphanage,  1886 . 

*Griffitts,  Samuel  PowEL.   Jan.  1787.   b.  July  21, 1759.   d.  May  12, 1826. 
M.B.  1781 ,  Univ.  State  Pa.    Attend.  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  Feb.  1786. 
Prof.  Mat.  Med.  Univ.  Pa.  1792-96.     Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan. 
1788,  Council.  1791-97. 

Griscom,  John  D.     (N.  E.)     Aug.  1842.     March  25,  1809. 

M.D.  1838,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Med.  Soc. 
State  Pa.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1837,  Sec.  1839;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1847.  Manager  Will's  Hosp.  1839-41;  Director  of  Public  Schools, 
Philad.  1839.  Phys.  Northern  Dispens.  1840;  House  of  Refuge  Philad. 
1840-43. 

Gross,  Ferdinand  H.    May,  1883.    b.  Aug.  18,  1831. 

M.D.  1855,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. 
1868;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1872;  Alumni  Assoc.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
1870;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1878;  Philad.  Acad.  Surgery  1882;  German 
Med.  Soc.  Philad.  P.  1886;  Med.  Jurisprudence  Soc.  Philad.  1886. 
Surg.  U.S.  Vol.  (Brevt.  Lt.-Col.)  1861-65;  Senior  Surg.  German  Hosp. 
Philad.  1874. 

*Gross,  Samuel  David.    (Assoc.  Aug.  1846.)    Jan.  1857.    b.  July  8,  1806. 
d.  May  6,  1884. 

M.D.  1828,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  LL  D.  1861,  Jefferson  Coll. ;  1884, 
Univ.  Cambridge,  Univ.  Edinburgh,  and  Univ.  Pa. ;  D.C.L  1872,  Univ. 
Oxford.  Demonstrator  Anat.  Med.  Coll.  of  Ohio  1833-35;  Prof.  Patho- 
logical Anat.  Cincinnati  Coll.  1835-39;  Prof.  Surg.  Univ.  Louisville 
1840-49,  1851-56;  Prof.  Surgery  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1856-82.  Memb. 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  P.;  Constit.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  P.;  Con- 
stit.  Philad.  Acad.  Surgery  P. ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Dec-  1856-Feb.  '78 ; 
Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1854;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.,  P.  Constit.  Med. 
Jurisprudence  Soc.  Philad.,  P.  Constit.  Amer.  Surg.  Assoc,  P. ;  Massa- 
chusetts Med.  Soc;  Rhode  Island  Med.  Soc.  ;  New  York  State  Med. 
Soc;  Acad.  Med.  New  York;  Cincinnati  Med.  Soc. ;  Ohio  Hist,  and 
Philos.  Soc. ;  Med.  Soc.  Louisiana;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1858,  P.  Nat. 
Assoc.  Protection  of  the  Insane;  Amer.  Pub.  Health  Assoc. ;  Centen- 
nial Med.  Commission  Philad.  1875,  P.  ;  Internat.  Med.  Cong.,  P.  1876; 
Pa.  Dental  Coll.,  P.;  Hon.  Memb.  British  Med.  Assoc;  Royal  Med. 
and  Chirurg.  Soc.  London;  Clinical  Soc.  Lond.;  Pathological  Soc. 
Lond. ;  Medico-Chirurgical  Soc.  Edinb. ;    Imperial  Med.  Soc.  Vienna ; 


230  APPENDIX. 

Med.  Soc.  Christiaaia;  Royal  Soc.  Pub.  Med.  Belgium;    Med.  Soc.  St. 
Louis  Potosi. 

Gross,  Samuel  W.     Oct.  1868.    b.  Feb.  4,  1837. 

M.D.  1857,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.; 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1880. 
Surg.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Hosp.  Prof.  Principles  of  Surgery  and 
Clinical  Surgery,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. . 

Grove,  John  H.     April,  1871.     b.  Jan.  13,  1825. 

M.D.  1849,  Univ.  Pa. ;  A.M.  1880,  La  Salle  Coll.;  LL.D.  1881,  Man- 
hattan Coll.  Memb.  Lancaster  Med.  Soc.  1854;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1867;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1869;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1869; 
Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1884.     Surgeon  U.  S.  Vol.  Oct.  1861-Nov.  '64; 

Brevt.  Lt.-Col.  U.  S.  V.  Oct.  12, 1865.    Surg.  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  1868 . ; 

Med.  Direct.  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  and  St.  Agnes  Hosp.  1887. 

Hall,  Andrew  Douglass.     Jan.  1863.    b.  July  2,  1833. 

A.B.  1851, Univ.  Pa.;  M.D.  1854,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1870;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. 
1876;  Amer.  Ophthalmological  Soc.  1867.  Surg.  St.  Mary's  Hosp. 
1867-72;  Wills  Hosp.  1863;  Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862-64. 

*Hall,  James.    Jan.  1787.    d.  Sept.  16,  1801. 

Attend.  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  Feb.  1786-87 ;    Phys.  Lazaretto  1800. 

^Hallowell,  Edward.     May,  1839.     d.  Feb.  20,  1860. 

M.D.  1830,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Feb.  1828 ;  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Feb.  1834;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Oct.  1851 ;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1849,-  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1852. 

*Halsey,  William  S.     Jan.  1870.     d.  March.  1874. 

Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1857.     Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1858. 

^Hamilton,  George.    April,  1865.     b.  Nov.  15,  1808.    d.  Oct.  30,  1885. 
M.D.  1831,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  P.  1868 ;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1872. 

Hammond,  William  Alexander.  (N.  R.)  July,  1859.  b.  Aug.  28,  1828. 
M.D.  1848,  Univ.  City  of  New  York.  Corres.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 
1853.  Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Oct.  1859;  New  York  Co.  Med.  Soc. ; 
New  York  Neurological  Soc. ;  New  York  Soc.  Med.  Jurisprudence ;  N. 
Y.  State  Med.  Soc. ;  Amer.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sc. ;  Corres.  Anthropo- 
logical Instit.  Great  Britain  and  Ireland ;  Honorary,  Royal  Medico- 
Chirurgical  Soc.  Edinb. ;  British  Med.  Assoc;  St.  Andrew's  Graduates 
Assoc. ;    Wiirtemburg  Soc.  Obstetricians  and  Surgeons ;    Utrecht  Soc. 


APPENDIX.  231 

Arts  and  Sc.  Assist.  Surg.  (Lt.)  June,  1849,  (Capt.)  1854-Oct.  1860; 
(reappt.)  Assist.  Surg.  May,  1861,  Surg. -General  April,  1862-Aug.  '64 

U.S.  Army.  Surg.-GeneralU.S.  A.  retired  March,  1878 .  Prof.Anat. 

and  Physiol.  Univ.  Md.  Oct.  1860.  Lecturer  Diseases  of  the  Mind  and 
Nervous  System,  Coll.  Phys  and  Surg.  N.  Y.  1866-67;  Prof.  Diseases 
of  the  Mind  and  Nervous  Syst.  Bellevue  Med.  Coll.  1867-74;  Univ. 
City  of  New  York  1874-82;  New  York  Post  Graduate  Med.  School  and 

Hosp.  1882 .     Phys.  in  Chief  New  York  State  Hosp.  for  Diseases 

of  the  Nervous  Syst.  1868 .  Phys.  Out-Dept.  Bellevue  Hosp.  Ner- 
vous Diseases  1868 . 

*Hand,  Frank  C.     April,  1881.     d.  Sept.  9,  1881. 

Hansell,  Howard  Forde.    Jan.  1886.    b.  Oct.  25,  1855. 

A.B.  1874,  A.M.  1880,  Brown  Univ. ;  M.D.  1879,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1882;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1884;  Amer. 
Acad.  Medicine  1885.  Surg.  Eye  and  Ear  Dept.  South  Western  Hosp. 
1881.  Adjunct  Prof.  Diseases  of  Eye,  Philad.  Polyclinic,  May,  1885- 
March,  '87. ;  Chief  Clinical  Asst.  Eye  Dept.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Hosp. 
March,  1887. 

*Hare,  Horace  Binney.     April,  1869.     d.  March  25,  1879. 

M.D.  1866,  Univ.  Pa.     M^mb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Aug.  1867. 

Harlan,  George  C.     Jan.  1865.    b.  Jan.  28,  1835. 

A.B.  1855,  A.M.  1858,  Del.  Coll.;  M.D.  1858,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1859 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872  ;  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc.  1876  ;  Amer.  Ophthalmological  Soc.  1873  ;  Amer.  Otological 
Soc.  1882 ;  International  Ophthalmological  Soc.  1876;  Internat.  Med. 
Cong.  1876.  Eesid.  Phys.  Wills  Hosp.  1857 ;  St.  Joseph's  Hosp.  1858 ; 
Pa.  Hosp.  1859  ;  Surg.  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  1867 ;  Children's  Hosp.  1869 ; 
Wills  Hosp,  1868 ;  Pa.  Instit.  for  Instruction  of  the  Blind,  1875  ;  Eye 
and  Ear  Dept-  Pa.  Hosp.  1879  ;  Act.  Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  Navy,  1861 ;  Surg. 
11th  Pa.  Cavalry  Sept.  1861 ;  Act.  Med.  Inspector  June,  1863;  Pension 
Exam.  Surg.  1868 ;  Prof.  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  Philad.  Polyclinic  1883 ; 
Consult.  Ophthalmic  Surg.  Philad.  Inst,  for  Deaf  and  Dumb  1885. 

Harlow,  Lewis  D.    Jan.  1863.    b.  June  16,  1818. 

A  B.  1843,  A.M.  1857,  Dartmouth  Coll. ;  M.D.  1845,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Aug.  1857 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1860 ;  Obstetri- 
cal Soc.  Philad.  1869,  P.  1878-80 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872 ;  Amer.  Acad. 
Med.  1880;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1884.  Surg,  in  charge  U.  S.  A.  Hosp. 
George  and  Fourth  St.,  Philad.  1862-63;  Surg.  U.  S.  V.,  in  charge  Hosp. 
No.  3,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  April,  1863-Dec.  '63;  in  charge  Officers'  Hosp. 
Chattanooga  and  Lookout  Mountain,  Tenn.,  Jan.  1864-April,'65.  [Brevt. 
Lt.-Col.  and  mustered  out  of  service  Aug.  1865.]     Prof.  Obstetrics  and 


232  APPKKDIX. 

Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Philad.  Coll.  Med.  1855-57,  and 
Med.  Dep.  Pa.  Coll.  1859-61.  Consult.  Obstetrician  1859-62,  Philad. 
Hosp. 

II Harris,  Robert.     Jan.  1787.     ft.  Jan  4, 1803.     b.  1772.     d.  Jan.  1815. 

The  Colonial  Eecords  and  Pennsylvania  Archives  give  us  glimpses  of  Dr. 
Robert  Harris's  career. 

Feb.  22,  1776,  the  Committee  of  Safety  loaned  him  £110  to  "assist  him  in 
forwarding  the  building  of  a  powder  mill  and  the  manufacture  of  gunpowder." 
During  1776  ihe  records  show  that  he  was  supplied  by  the  committee  with  five 
tons  of  saltpetre,  and  paid  on  account  of  his  manufacture  of  gunpowder  £450. 

When  salt  was  scarce,  and  before  the  Pennsylvania  Salt  Works  at  Toms 
Eiver,  N.  J.,  were  in  woiking  condition.  Dr.  Robert  Harris  proposed,  August  9, 
1777,  to  the  Supreme  Executive  Council  to  engage  in  the  manufacture  of  salt,  pro- 
vided that  three-fourths  of  the  necessary  capital  were  furnished  by  the  Council. 

Prom  1782-8.5  he  was  Surgeon's  Mate  of  the  2d  Regt.  He  was  appointed, 
June  24,  1786,  a  commissioner  from  York  Co.,  Pa.,  to  carry  out  an  Act  of  As- 
sembly of  March  31,  1784,  declaring  the  Susquehanna  and  other  streams  public 
highways. 

June  5,  1788,  a  deed  was  executed  conveying  to  him  151  acres  of  land  in  Tork 
Co.,  Pa., confiscated  from  John  Rankin.  Heboughtit  October,  1779,  for  £4815, 
"which  the  said  Robert  Harris  hath  duly  paid  into  the  treasury." 

Harris,  Egbert  P.    April,  1862.    b.  Nov.  15,  1822. 

A.B.  1841,  M.D.  1844,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Wills  Hosp.  1844-45 ;  Pa. 
Hosp.  1845-47 ;  Ophthalmologist  Demilt  Dispens.  1852-55.  Memb- 
Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Oct.  1856;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1858  ;  Constit. 
Memb.  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1868,  P.  1871  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872. 

Harte,  Richard  H.     May,  1885.    b.  Oct.  23,  1855. 

M.D.  1878,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1881.  Surg. 
Out-patients  Univ.  Hosp.  1881 ;  Out-patients  Pa.  Hosp.  1883  ;  Assist. 
Surg.  Univ.  Hosp.  1883 ;  Demonstrator  Osteology  Univ.  Pa.  1885. 

*Hartshorne,  Edward.  April,  1847.  b.  May  14,  1818.  d.  June  22,  1885. 
A.B.  1837,  A.M.  Coll.  N.  J. ;  M.D.  1840,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  1841-43, 
Attend.  Surg.  1859-65  Pa.  Hosp. ;  Resid.  Phys.  Eastern  Penitentiary 
Pa.  1843-44;  Attend.  Phys.  Wills  Hosp.;  Manager  Episcopal  Hosp. ; 
Manager  Univ.  Hosp. ;  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1858 ;  Pathological  Soc. 
Philad.,  P. ;  Ophthalmological  Soc,  V.  P. ;  Amer.  Med.  As><oc.  1853 ; 
Acad.  Nat.  So.  Philad.  May  1847-80  ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Oct.  1858 ; 
Soc.  Alumni  Med.  Dept.  Univ.  Pa. ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Histori- 
cal Soc.  Pa. ;  Princeton  Alumni  Assoc,  of  Philad.,  V.  P. 

Hartshorxe,  Henry.    Oct.  1851.    b.  March  16,  1823. 

M.D.  1845,  Univ.  Pa. ;  A.M.  1860,  Haverford  Coll. ;  LL.D.  1884, 
Univ.  Pa.    Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1852  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1852 ; 


APPENDIX.  23S 

Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.,  Record.  Sec.  1858 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April, 
1855  ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  July,  1863  ;  Araer.  Assoc.  Advanc.  Sc. ;  Amer. 
Public  Health  Assoc,  V.  P.  1874;  Pliilad.  Clinical  Soc.  1886.  Resid. 
Pa.  Hosp.  1845-48 ;  Attend.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1856  ;  Episcopal  Hosp. 
1860-62 ;  Consult.  Phys.  Woman's  Hosp.  Philad.  1865-76.  Prof.  Physi- 
ology Philad.  Coll.  Medicine  1853 ;  Prof.  Pract.  Med.  Pa.  Coll.  of  Medi- 
cine 1860 ;  Prof.  Anat.  and  Physiology  Central  High  School  Philad. 
1862-68 ;  Prof.  Hygiene,  Physiology,  and  Diseases  of  Children,  Woman's 
Med.  Coll.  Pa.  1865-76  ;  Prof.  Hygiene  Univ.  Pa.  1866-76  ;  Prof.  Physi- 
ology and  Hygiene  Pa.  Coll.  Dental  Surgery,  1863-66  ;  Prof.  Organic  Sc. 
and  Philos.  Haverford  Coll.  1868-76  ;  Prof.  Anat.,  Physiology,  and 
Nat.  Hist.  Girard  College,  1872 ;  P.  Howiand  Collegiate  School  for 
Young  Ladies,  Union  Springs,  N.  Y.,  1876-78. 

*Hartshorne,  Joseph.     Dec.  1824.     b.  Dec.  26, 1779.     d.  Sept.  20, 1850. 
M.D.  1805,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  1801-6,  Attend.  Surg.  1810-21  Pa.  Hosp. 
Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  1802 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1815. 

*HasslePv,  Ferdinand  A.    July,  1868. 
M.D.  1866,  Univ.  Pa. 

Hastings,  John.     (N.  R.)    April,  1849. 

M.D.  1840,  Univ.  Pa.    Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  Navy  Sept.  1841-May,  1850. 

*Hatfield,  Nathan  L.  Jan.  1855.  b.  Aug.  2,  1804.  d.  Aug.  29,  1887. 
A.B.  Univ.  Pa.,  M.D.  1826,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Northern 
Med.  Assoc.  Philad.,  P. ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Board  of  Health 
Philad.,  P.  1846-48;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  18i8;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa., 
V.P.  1866;  Alumni  Assoc.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.,  P.  1874;  Rocky  Moun- 
tain Med.  Assoc. ;  California  State  Med.  Assoc.  Consult.  Phys.  North- 
ern Disj^ens. 

*Hayes,  Isaac  I.     (N.  R.)    Jan.  1865.    b.  March  5, 1832.    d.  Dec.  17,  1881. 

M.D.  1853,  Univ.  Pa.     Surg.  Second  Grinnell  Polar  Exped.  1853-55. 

Commander  Arctic  Exploring  Exped.  1850-61.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 

Philad.  Jan.  1856;  Anthracite  Coal  Co.  N.  Y.,  P.  1865;  N.  Y.  State 

Assembly  1875-81.     Brigade  Surg.  U.  S.  V.  1861-65. 

*Hays,  Isaac.     Sept.  1835.    b.  July  5,  1796.     d.  April  12,  1879. 

A.B.  1816,  M.D.  1820,  Univ.  Pa.  Surg.  Pa.  Infirm,  for  Diseases  of 
the  Eye  and  Ear,  1822-27 ;  Wills  Hosp.  1834-54;  Phys.  Philad.  Orphans' 
Asylum ;  Philad.  Dispens. ;  Southern  Dispens. ;  Pa.  Instit.  for  Instruct, 
of  the  Blind.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc. ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Kappa  Lambda.  Soc. ;  Alumni  Assoc.  Med.  Dep.  Univ. 
Pa.,  V.  P. ;  Ophthalmological  Soc.  Philad.,  P. ;  Corres.  Gynecological 
Soc.  Boston;  Med.  Soc.  Hamburg;  Societe  Universelle  d'  Ophthalmo- 
logic ;   Cengres  Medicale  Internationale  de  Paris ;   (Honorary)  Amer. 


234  APPENDIX. 

Ophthalmological  Soc. ;  of  the  State  Med.  Societies  of  New  York  and 
Rhode  Island;  Med.  Soc.  Baltimore;  Acad.  Med.  Abington,  Va.;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1847,  Treasurer  1848-52,  Chair.  Com.  Publicat.  1847-53 ; 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  July,  1818,  Pub.  Com.  Dec.  1821-Dec.  '25, 
Curator  1821-31,  P.  Dec.  1865-Dec.  '69.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1830, 
Councillor  1853-77. 

Hays,  I.  Minis.    Jan.  1872.    b.  July  26,  1847. 

A.B.  1866,  M.D.  1868,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Assoc.  Amer.  Phys ;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Feb.  1886;  Sec-General  Inter- 
national Med.  Congress  1876. 

Hearn,  Joseph.    April,  1882. 

M.D.  1867,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Surg.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Hosp. ; 
Philad.  Hosp. 

*Hendekson,  Andrew  Augustus.  July,  1864.  b.  Feb.  14, 1816.  d.  April  4, 
1875. 
M.D.  1838,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.   Asst.  Surg.  Sept.  1841,  Surg.  March, 
1856,  Med.  Director  March,  1871,  U.  S.  Navy.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  July,  1848 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Oct.  1862. 

*Henry,  Bernard.     April,  1851.     d.  July  4,  1860. 

M.D.  1849,  Univ.  Pa.  Assist.  Surg.'u.  S.  Navy  Nov.  184^0ct.  '50; 
Asst.  Surg.  First  Troop  Philad.  Cavalry  1854.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  May,  1849. 

Henry,  Frederick  Porteous.    June,  1884.    b.  July  21,  1844. 

M.D.  1868,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.  New  York.  Memb.  Pathological 
Soc.  Philad.  (V.  P.  and  Treasurer)  1870;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1878; 
Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1879;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc  1880  ;  Amer.  Assoc.  Phys. 
1886.  Prof.  Pathology  and  Microscopy,  Philad.  Polyclinic  1882-85 ; 
Prof.  Clin.  Med.  Philad.  Polyclinic  1885.  Phys.  Episcopal  Hosp.  1874; 
Consult.  Phys.  Home  for  Consumptives,  1882. 

IIHess,  Robert  J.     April,  1878.     ft.  Nov.  7,  1888. 

M.D.  1871,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  May,  1876,  Re- 
corder Biolog.  and  Microscop.  Sect.  1878 . 

Hewson,  Addinell.     Jan.  1853. 

M.D.  1850,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Resid.  1851-52,  Attend.  Surg.  1861-77 
Pa.  Hosp.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Jan.  1853;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1855. 

*Hewson,  Thomas  Tickell.  Dec.  1801.  b.  April  9,  1773.  d.  Feb.  17,1848. 

A.B.  1789,  Coll.  Philad. ;  M.D.  1822,  Honorary,  Univ.  Harvard.    Phys. 

Walnut  Street  Prison  1806 ;  Philad.  Hosp.  1811 ;  Phys.  Orphan  Asylum 


APPENDIX.  235 

1817-37 ;  Surg.  Pa.  Hosp.  1818-35.  Memb.  Edinb.  Med.  Soc.  1796 ; 
Amer.  Pliilos.  Soc.  April,  1801-39,  Curator  1817-21,  Sec.  1821-22 ;  Philad. 
Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1803.     Prof.  Comparat.  Anat.  Univ.  Pa.  1816. 

HiNKLE,  A.  G.  B.     Jan.  1872. 

M.D.  1857,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  So.  Philad.  Sept.  1867 ; 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872. 

*HoDGE,  Hugh.     Dec.  1793.     d.  July,  1798,  set.  43. 

A.M.  1773,  Coll.  N.  J.  Surgeon's  Mate  Revolutionary  Army.  Memb. 
Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1796. 

*HoDGE,  Hugh  L.     April,  1827.     b.  June  27,  1796.     d.  Feb.  26, 1873. 

A.M.  1814,  Coll.  N.  J. ;  M.D.  1818,  Univ.  Pa. ;  LL.D.  1872,  Coll.  N.  J. 
Phys.  Southern  Dispensary  1820 ;  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1832-54 ;  Lecturer 
on  Princip.  Surg.  Med.  Instit.  Philad.  1823 ;  Prof.  Obstetrics  and  Dis- 
eases of  Women  and  Children,  Univ.  Pa.  1835-63.  Memb.  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  April,  1832  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1848. 

*HoDGE,  Hugh  Lenox.  April,  1863.  b.  July  30, 1836.  d.  June  16, 1881. 
A.B.  1851,  A.M.,  M.D.  1858,  Univ.  Pa.  Eesid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1858-60; 
Demonstrator  Surgery,  Univ.  Pa.  1863  Act.  Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862. 
Pa.  Reserve  Corps  Surgs. ;  Surg.  Children's  Hosp.  1864;  Surg.  Presby- 
terian Hosp.  1872.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1870 ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. ; 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad. ;  Pathological  Soc. 
Philad.,  P.  1876.     Demonstrator  Anat.  Univ.  Pa.  1870-81. 

Holland,  James  W.    Dec.  1885.    b.  April  24,  1849. 

A.M.  1866,  Univ.  Louisville;  M.D.  1869,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Prof. 
Med.  Chemistry  and  Mat.  Med.  1875,  and  of  Theory  and  Pract.  Med. 
1883,  Univ.  Louisville ;  of  Med.  Chemistry  and  Toxicology,  Jefferson 
Med.  Coll.  1885.     Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Feb.  1886. 

*HoLLiNGSWORTH,  Samuel  L.     April,  1849.     d.  Dec.  14,  1873. 

M.D.  1842,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1839,  Censor 
1859;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1855. 

*HooPER,  William  H.    April,  1852.    d.  Dec.  18,  1883. 

M.D.  1848,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Dec.  1854- 
June,  1877. 

Hopkins,  William  Barton.    April,  1879. 

M.D.  1874,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  1875-77,  Surg.  Out-patients  1881,  Pa. 
Hosp.;  Out-patients  Univ.  Hosp.  1877-86;  Episcopal  Hosp.  1879-84 ; 
Attend.  Surg.  Episcopal  Hosp.  1884;  Assist.  Demonstrator  Surg.  Univ. 
Pa.  1877-85.  Prof.  Clinical  Surg.  Philad.  Polyclinic.  Memb.  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc. 


236  APPENDIX. 

*HoPKiNS,  Samuel  C.    Aug.  1817.    d.  April  28,  1818. 
M.D.  1816,  Univ.  Pa. 

*HoPKiNSON,  Joseph.     April,  1852.    b.  March  30, 1816.     d.  July  11, 1865. 
M.D.  1838,  Univ.  Pa.     Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  Xavy  Oct.  1840-Sept.  '52; 
Director  U.  S.  Army  Mower  Hosp.  Chestnut  Hill  Pa.  Oct.  1862.    Memb. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Feb.  1852. 

HoRX,  George  H.    Oct.  1867.    b.  April  7,  1840. 

M.D.  1861,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Amer.  Entomological  Soc.  1860,  P. 
1883;  California  Acad.  Sc.  1862;  Acad.  Xat.  Sc.  Philad.  1866,  Corres. 

Sec.    1876 .,    Director    Entomological   Section   1883 .  ;    Amer. 

Philos.  Soc.  Oct.  1868,  Sec.  Jan.  1887 ;  Societe  Entomologique  de 
Rnsscie,  1872  ;  Cambridge  Entomological  Club,  1876  ;  Societe  FrauQaise 
d'Entomologie  1884;  K.  K.  Zool.  Bot.  Gesellschaft,  Wien,  1884;  Hon. 
Memb.  Entomological  Soc.  Canada  1868;  Entomologische  Verein  zu 
Stettin  1884;  Brooklyn  (X.  Y.)  Entomological  Soc.  1885  ;  Societe  Ento- 
molgique  de  France,  1885.  Assist.  Surg.  2d  Cal.  Cavalry,  May,  1863  ; 
Surg.  2d  Regt.  Cal.  Vol.  Oct.  1865. 

HoRWiTZ,  Phineas  J.     June,  1884.     b.  March  3,  1822. 

M.D.  1845,  Univ.  Md.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  Navy  1847,  Surg.  April, 
1861,  Med.  Inspector  March  3, 1871,  Med.  Director  June,  1873  ;  Chief  of 
Bureau  Med.  and  Surg.  Navy  Dept.  July  9,  1865-July  '69. 

IIHowELL,  Edward  Y.     June,  1832. 
M.D.  1822,  Univ.  Pa. 

Howell,  Samuel  B.    April,  1868. 

M.D.  1858,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Xat.  Sc.  Philad.  Xov.  1855, 
Record.  Sec.  Feb.  1867-Dec.  1874;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872.  Prof. 
Minerology  and  Geology  Univ.  Pa. ;  Prof.  Chemistry  and  Mat.  Med. 
Philad.  Dental  Coll.     Phys.  House  of  Refuge  1880 . 

Hughes,  DA^'IEL  E.    (N.  R.)    Oct.  1882.    Aug.  5, 1851. 

M.D.  1878,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Jled.  Soc. ; 
Acad.  Xat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1883  ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  Demon- 
strator Clin.  Med.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1880-85. 

HuiDEKOPER,  Rush  Shippen.     Jan.  1881.    b.  May  3.  1854. 

M.D.  1877,  Univ.  Pa.  Veterinaire  1882,  Alfort,  France  Memb.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Feb.  1880  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  U.  S.  Veterin.  Med. 
Assoc. ;  Maj.  Brig.  Surg.  First  Brigade  V.  G.  Pa.  1878.  Prof.  Internal 
Pathology  and  Zootechnics ;  Dean  Veterinary  Faculty,  Univ.  Pa. 

Hunt,  John  Gibbons.    May,  1884.    b.  July  27,  1826. 

M.D.  1850,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Xat.  Sc.  July,  1858,  Conservator 
Biol,  and  Micros.  Sect.  1872-80.  Prof.  Histology  and  Microscopy 
AVoman's  Med.  Coll.  Pa. 


APPENDIX.  237 

Hunt,  William.    April,  1854.    b.  Sept.  26,  1825. 

M.D.  1849,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1852;  Acad.  Nat. 
Sc.  Philad.  Jan.  1855;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1876;  Philad.  Acad.  Sur- 
gery 1879;  Honorary,  Amer.  Surg.  Assoc.  1882;  Alumni  Soc.  Med. 
Dept.  Univ.  Pa. ;  Historical  Soc.  Pa.  Director  Philad.  Contribution- 
ship  1882.  Trustee  Univ.  Pa.  1879.  Resid.  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1850-52; 
Surg.    Episcopal   Hosp.   1863-68;    Wilis  Hosp.  1857-63;    Act.  Assist. 

Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862-64;  Attend.  Surg.  Pa.  Hosp.  1863 . ;  Orthopoedic 

Hosp. ;    Consult.  Surg.  Pa.  Instit.  lor  Deaf  and  Dumb. 

*HuNTER,  Charles  T.     Jan.  1871.     b.  Jan.  13,  1843.     d.  April  27,  1884. 
M.D.  1868,  Univ.  Pa.     Eesid.  1869,  Surg.  Out-patients,  Pa.  Hosp. 
Demonstrator  Surg.      Demonstrator  Anat.  Univ.  Pa.      Assist.  Surg. 
Univ.    Hosp.      Memb.    Acad.    Surgery;     Pathological    Soc.    Philad.; 
Alumni  Soc.  Med.  Dept.  Univ.  Pa.;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1878. 

*HuSTON,  Robert  M.     Sept.  1826.     b.  1794.     d.  Aug.  3,  1864. 

M.D.  1825,  Univ.  Pa.  Prof.  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and 
Children  1838 ;  Prof.  Mat.  Med.  and  General  Therapeutics  1841-57,  Jef- 
ferson Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  P.  1844;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1848. 

*HuTCHiNSON,  James.     Jan.  1787.     b.  Jan.  29,  1752.     d.  Sept.  7,  1793. 

A.B.,  M.D.  1774,  ?  Coll.  Philad.  Surg.-Genl.  Pa.  Amer.  Army  1777. 
Trustee  and  Prof.  Mat.  Med.  Univ.  State  Pa.  1779;  Prof.  Chemistry 
Univ.  Pa.  1791.  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1777-78—1779-93.  Phys.  Port 
Philad.     Memb.  Committee  of  Safety.     Fleet  Surgeon  Pa.  Navy. 

Hutchinson,  James  H.    Jan.  1863.    b.  Aug.  3,  1834. 

A.B.  1854,  A.M.  1857,  M.D.  1858,  Univ.  Pa.  Act.  Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  A. 
1862-65.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1858,  Sept.  1863-67,  P.  1871 
-73;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1864;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1858;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc. 
April,  1884.     Phys.  Episcopal  Hosp.  1863-68;    Children's  Hosp.  1862; 

Pa.  Hosp.  1868 .;    Trustee  Univ.  Pa.  1878;    Director  Philad.  Lib. 

Co. ;  Director  Nat.  Bank  of  Commerce . 

Hutchinson,  Mahlon  P.    Sept.  1845.    ft.  1848. 
M.D.  1842,  Univ.  Pa. 

Ingham,  James  Verree.    Jan.  1871.    b.  July  5,  1843. 

M.D.  1866,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1866-79; 
Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1871 ;  Constit.  Amer.  Gynecological  Soc.  1876. 
Resid.  Phys.  Episcopal  Hosp.  Oct.  1866-Dec.  '67;  Visit.  Phys.  Philad. 
Hosp.  1872-75;  Obstetrician  Maternity  Hosp.  1873-82;  Chair.  Ex. 
Com.  Maternity  Hosp.  1882. 


238  APPENDIX. 

Jackson,  Edward.    Nov.  1885.     b.  March  30, 1856. 

C.E.  1874,  A.M.  1879,  Union  Coll.;  M.D.  1878,  Univ.  Pa.  Asst. 
Phys.  Philad.  Dispensary  1878;  Phys.  West  Chester  Dispensary  1882 
-84;  Clinical  Asst.  Eye  and  Ear  Dept.  Pa.  Hosp.  1884-85;  Chief,  Eye 
Clinic  Philad.  Polyclinic  1885.  Memb.  Chester  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1879 
-85;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1881,  Sec.  1882-83;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1883; 
Amer.  Acad.  Med.  1883;  Amer.  Ophthalmological  Soc,  1885;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1885. 

tJACKSOX,  Samuel,  of  Northumberland.     May,  1838.     res.  Dec.  7,  1859. 
d.  Dec.  17,  1869. 

M.D.  1812,  Univ.  Pa.  Merab.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  P.  1849;  Med. 
Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847. 

*Jackson,  Samuel.     Nov.  1848.     b.  March  22,  1787.     d.  April  4,  1872. 

M.D.  1808,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1804;  Med. 
Soc.  State  Pa.  P.  1849;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Board  Health,  Philad. 
P.  1820;  Acad.  Med.  P.  1821;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847.  Amer.  Philos. 
Soc.  Jan.  1823.  Corres.  Academie  Eoyale  de  Medecine  de  France  1836. 
Prof.  Mat.  Med.  Philad.  Coll.  Pharmacy  1821-25;  Prof.  Institutes  Med. 
Univ.  Pa.  1825-63.     Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1822-45. 

*  James,  Thomas  C.    Oct.  1795.    b.  Aug.  31,  1766.    d.  July  5,  1835. 

M.B.,  Univ.  State  Pa.  1787.  Consult.  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  1814; 
Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1807-32.  Prof.  Midwifery  Univ.  Pa.  1810-34.  Memb. 
Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1797,  Council  1802-21 ;  Acad.  Nat  Sc.  Philad. 
March,  1814.     Manager  Humane  Soc. ;  Union  Benevolent  Soc.  1832. 

*Janney,  Benjamin  S.    Sept.  1845.    b.  Feb.  21,  1799.    d.  Jan.  8,  1859. 

M.D.  1813,  Univ.  Pa.  Eesid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1808-13.  Memb.  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc.  V.  P.  1858-59 ;  Constit.  Northern  Med.  Assoc. ;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1847. 

*Jaedine,  Lewis  J.    July,  1800.    Elected  Assoc. 

*Jenks,  William  F.    April,  1871.    d.  Oct.  13,  1881. 

M.D.  1866,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872. 

*Jewell,  Wilson.     July,  1851.    b.  Nov.  12,  1800.    d.  Nov.  4,  1867. 

M.D.  1824,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1820;  Med. 
Soc.  State  Pa.  P.  1863;  Northern  Med.  Assoc;  Quarantine  and  Sanitary 
Assoc.  P.  1857;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847,  V.  P.  1862;  Board  Health 
Philad.  P.  1855-57.     Phys.  House  of  Eefuge,  1835. 

IJOHNSTON,  S.  PoYNTELL.     Dec  1840,  removed  1844.     d.  Oct.  4,  1872. 

M.D.  1836,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  1835-Aug.  '48.  Visit. 
Phys.  Pa.  Instit.  for  Instruction  of  the  Blind,  1841-44. 


APPENDIX. 

*JoHNs\'ON,  William  N.     April,  1856.     d.  July,  1870. 

M.D.  1829,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Pliilad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 

*J0NES,  JOHK.     Jan.  1787.     b.  1729.     d.  June  23,  1791. 

M.D.  Univ.  Rheims.  Surg,  and  Examiner  Revolutionary  Army; 
Prof.  Surgery  Kings  Coll.  N.  Y.  Consult.  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  Feb. 
1786;  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1780-91;  Health  Officer  Philad.  1780-89. 
Memb.  Humane  Soc.  P.;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1769,  Council. 
1789. 

Jones,  S.  Preston.     (N.  R.)    April,  1864. 
M.D.  1855,  Univ.  Pa. 

JuDD,  Leonardo  da  Vinci.    Oct.  1885.    b.  Jan,  11,  1842. 

M.D.  1877,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1881 ; 
Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1884;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1886;  Med. 
Soc.  State  Pa.  1886;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1886.  Phys.  Pa.  Retreat  for 
Blind  Mutes  and  the  Aged  and  Infirm,  1884. 

JUDSON,  Oliver  Albert.    Oct.  1867.    b.  Sept.  28,  1830. 

M.D.  1851,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Phys.  Philad.  Disp.  1852-56 ;  Howard 
Hosp.  1856-61;  Philad.  Hosp.  1858-61;  Brigade  Surg.  Vol.  1861,  Brevt. 
Lt.-Col.  1865,  Brevt.  Col.  1865.  Manager  Burd  Orphan  Asylum  1868 
-82;  Manager  Pa.  Instit.  for  Instruct.  Blind  1878;  of  Children's  Hosp. 
Philad.  1879. 

Jurist,  Louis.    Feb.  1886.    b.  April  10,  1855. 

M.D.  1880,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc; 
Pathological  Soc.  Philad. ;  German  Med.  Soc.  Philad.  Chief  of  Throat 
Dept.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Hosp.  Lecturer  on  Laryngology,  Jefferson 
Med.  Coll. 

Keating,  John  M.    Oct.  1877. 

M.  D.  1873,  Univ.  Pa.  Obstetrician  Philad.  Hosp. ;  Phys.  St.  Joseph's 
Hosp. ;  Maternity  Hosp. 

Keating,  William  V.    July,  1849.    b.  April  4,  1824. 

A.B.  1842,  St.  Mary's  Coll. ;  M.D.  1844,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1853;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  Jan.  1853;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc. 
April,  1854 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1884.  Consult.  Phys.  St.  Joseph's 
Hosp.  1849  ;  St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum,  1850.  Prof.  Midwifery  and 
Diseases  of  Women  and  Children  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1860-62.  [Alarm- 
ing illness  induced  him  to  resign.]  Med.  Director  U.  S.  A.  Hosp. 
(Broad  and  Cherry  Streets,  Philad.),  1862-65.  Manager  Philad.  Saving 
Fund,  1856. 


240  APPENDIX. 

Keen,  William  W.    Jau.  18G7.    b.  Jan.  19,  1837. 

A.  B.  1853,  High  School,  Philad.  and  Brown  Univ.  1859;  M.D.  1862, 
Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Act.  Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862-64.  Memb.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1867;  Sec.  Philad.  Pathological  Soc;  Constit. 
Amer.  Surg.  Assoc. ;  Philad.  Acad.  Surg. ;  Med.  Jurisprudence  Soc. 
Philad. ;  Clinical  Soc.  Philad. ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc,  V.  P.  1887 ;  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  July,  1884.  Lect.  Anat.  and  Operat.  Surg.  Philad.  School 
of  Anat.  1866-7f» ;  Lecturer  on  Pathol.  Anat.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Surg.  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  1866;  of  Women's  Hosp.  1884;  of  Mission 
Hosp.  and  of  Philada.  Home  for  Incurables.  Prof.  Principles  and 
Practice  of  Surgery,  Woman's  Med.  Coll.  1884;  Prof.  Artistic  Anat. 
Pa.  Acad.  Fine  Arts,  1876. 

tKELLER,  William.     Jan.  1852.     Res.  Feb.  5,  1862. 

Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Nov.  1848. 

IIKenxedy,  Alfred  L.     Jan.  1852.     ft.  March  7,  1883. 

M.D.  1848,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Med.  Soc.  State 
Pa. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1853. 

King,  Charles  Ray.     (N.  R.)     Dec.  1844.    b.  March  16,  1813. 

A.B.  1831,  Columbia  Coll.  N.  Y.,  M.D.  1834,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  June,  1843;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847  ;  New  York  His- 
torical Soc.  ;  Historical  Soc.  Pa. ;  Overseer  Philad.  Divinity  School  P. 
E.  Church  1862 . 

*KiNG,  William  M.     Jan.  1864.     b.  June,  1836.     d.  March  14,  1880. 

M.D.  1858,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  A.ssist.  Surg.  Dec.  1858,  Surg.  Feb. 
1870,  Med.  Inspector  May,  1875,  U.  S.  Navy.  Memb.  Acad  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  Oct.  1869. 

KiRKBRiDE,  Joseph  J.     Oct.  1875.     b.  Aug.  4,  1842. 

Grad.  Pharm.  1870,  Philad.  Coll.  Pharm. ;  M.D.  1872,  Univ.  Pa. 
Memb.  Alumni  Assoc.  Philad.  Coll.  Pharm.  1870;  Alumni  Soc.  Med. 
Dept.  Univ.  Pa.  1872;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1879;  Pathological  Soc. 
Philad.  1879;  Photographic  Soc.  Philad.  1883;  Franklin  Institute  Pa. 
1884;  Historical  Soc.  Pa.  1885.  Phys.  Out-patients  Pa.  Hosp.  1872; 
Exam.  Phys.  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Ins.  Co.  1873. 

*KiRKBRiDE,  Thomas  S.  Jan.  1839.  b.  July  31,  1809.  d.  April  16, 1885. 
M.D.  1832,  Univ.  Pa.  ;  LL.D.  LaFayette  Coll.  Resid.  Asylum  [for 
the  Insane]  at  Frankford,  Pa.  ]  832-33 ;  Pa.  Hosp.  1833-35 ;  Phys.  in 
Chief  and  Superintendent  Pa.  Hosp.  for  the  Insane  1840-85 ;  Phys.  House 
of  Refuge  1840.  Memb.  Assoc.  Med.  Superintend.  Amer.  Institut.  for 
the  Insane,  Oct.  1844,  Sec.  1844-51,  V.  P.  1851-58,  P.  1858-66 ;  Philad. 
Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1831 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1851.    Trustee  Pa.  State 


APPENDIX.  241 

Lunatic  Hosp.  at  Harrisburg  1851-53.     Visit.  Phys.  1837-41,  Corres. 
Sec.  1854^59,  V.  P.  1859-85,  Pa.  Instit.  for  Instruct,  of  the  Blind. 

*Klapp,  Joseph.     April,  1848.     b.  Jan.  17,  1817.     d.  Feb.  26,  1885. 

M.D.  Univ.  Pa.  1839.  A  Corporator  Howard  Hosp.  1853.  Memb. 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 

*Klapp,  William  Henry.  Aug.  1839.  b.  Oct.  14,  1808.  d.  Sept.  28,  1855. 
A.B.  1827,  M  D.  1830,  Univ.  Pa.     Assist.  Phys.  Catharine   Street 
Cholera  Hosp.  1832  ;  Phys.  Philad.  Co.  Prison,  1838-52.     Memb.  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1849;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 

*KuHN,  Adam,     Jan.  1787.     b.  Nov.  17,  1741.     d.  July  5, 1817. 

M.D.  1767,  Univ.  Edinb.  Director-General  of  Hospital  Amer.  Army. 
Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1774-81,  and  1782-98 ;  Philad.  Dispens.  1786.  Prof. 
Mat.  Med.  and  Botany,  Coll.  Philad.  1768  ;  Prof.  Theor.  and  Pract.  Med. 
Univ.  State  Pa.,  1789.  Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1768,  Curator 
1769-72,  Council  1788-1806. 

*Lajus,  D.  Paul.     July,  1849.     d.  Jan.  25,  1859. 

M.D.  1837,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1836 ;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  Jan.  1849,  P.  1853;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1851 ;  Northern 
Med.  Assoc.  1858. 

*Lamb,  John  Feeguson.     Jan.  1863.    b.  Dec.  28. 1791.     d.  April  26, 1869. 
M.D.  1820,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Oct.  1850,  V.  P. 
'52,  P.  '53 ;  Northern  Med.  Assoc. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1851 ;  Med.  Soc. 
State  Pa. 

*Lang,  Edmund.     Nov.  1849.     d.  1856. 

M.D.  1840,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1851 ;  Acad.  Nat. 
Sc.  Philad.  April,  1853. 

La  Roche,  C.  Percy.     (N.  R.)     July,  1865. 

M.D.  1856,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1858 ;  Amer.  Philos. 
Soc.  Jan.  1873. 

tLA  Roche,  Rene.  April,  1827.  res.  Jan.  1861.  b.  1795.  d.  Dec.  9,  1872. 
M.D.  1820,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pa.  Prison  Soc.  July,  1827;  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Sept.  1823-Dec.  '38;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  April, 
1849;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847  ;  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  1818,  P.  1859;  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1827;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.,  P.  1856-57;  Pathological 
Soc,  P. ;  Board  of  Health  Philad. ;  Trustee  Univ.  Pa.  Capt.  Volun- 
teers 1812-15. 

*Leavitt,  Thaddeus  L.    July,  1868.    b.  Sept.  20,  1840.    d.  Feb.  23,  1880. 
M.D.  1865,  Univ.  Pa.     Act.  Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862-65.     Phys. 
Germantown  Dispens.  1866-77;  Gerraantown  Almshouse  1867-80;  Ger- 
mantown  Hosp.  1870-79. 

16 


242  APPENDIX. 

||Le  Conte,  Johx  L.  Oct.  1864.  b.  May  13, 1825.  ft.  July  3,  1878.  d.  Nov. 
15,  1883. 
A.B.  1842,  St.  Mary's  Coll.  Md.;  M.D.  1846,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg. 
N.  Y.  Act.  Surg,  and  Med.  Director  U.  S.  A.  1862-65.  Memb.  Acad. 
Nat.  So.  Philad.  Feb.  1845,  Corres.  Sec.  1852-59,  V.  P.  1874,  Director 
Entomological  Section  1876;  Amer.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sc.  1848;  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1853,  Sec.  1855-79,  V.  P.  1880-83.  Amer.  Assoc. 
Advance.  Sc,  P.  1874;  Soc.  Royale  des  Sciences  de  Liege,  Jan.  1852; 
Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  1852;  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  Montreal  1853;  Die  Natur- 
forscher  Gesellschaft  zu  Leipzic,  1854;  Soc.  Imper.  des  Sc.  Naturelle  de 
Cherbourg  1854;  Acad.  Imper.  des.  Sc.  Belles  Lettres  et  Arts  de  Lyon, 
1855  ;  Acad.  Literar.  et  Scientiar.  Regia  Borca  Monacliii,  1856  ;  Royal 
Physical  Soc.  Edinb.  1857  ;  Zoological  Soc.  London,  1857  ;  Imper.  Free 
Economic.  Soc.  St.  Petersburg,  1857 ;  Kaiserlich-Konigliche  Geolog. 
Reichsanstalt,  Vienna,  1857  ;  Soc.  Entomolog.  Rossica  S.  D.  1860 ;  U.  S. 
Nat.  Acad.  Sc.  1863  ;  Soc.  Entomolog.  Beige,  1864 ;  Linnean  Soc.  Lan- 
caster, Pa.  1864 ;  Essex  Instit.  Salem,  Mass.  1866 ;  Chicago  Acad.  Sc. 
1869 ;  Buffalo  Soc.  Nat.  Sc.  1873 ;  Cambridge  Entomolog.  Club,  1876  ; 
Davenport  (Iowa)  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Honor.  Memb.  Der  Entomologische 
Verein  zu  Stettin,  1859 ;  Entomolog.  Soc.  London,  1863 ;  Entomolog. 
Soc.  Canada,  1868 ;  Soc.  Entomolog.  de  France,  1879 ;  Die  Deutsche 
Entomologische  Gesellschaft,  Berlin  1881. 

*Leedom,  J.  M.     April,  1864.     d.  Jan.  8,  1885. 
M.D.  1859,  Univ.  Pa. 

Leffmanx,  Hexjry.     Dec.  1883.    b.  Sept.  9,  1847. 

M.D.  1869,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.;  Ph.D.  (Honorary)  Wagner  Free 
Inst.  Sc.  1883  ;  D.D.S.  Pa.  Coll.  Dental  Surg.  1884.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat. 
Sc.  Philad.  Sept.  1872;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1879,  Record  Sec.  1880 
-84;  Soc.  Public  Analysts  of  England  1881;  Med.  Jurisprudence  Soc. 
Philad.  1883,  Sec.  ab  origine;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1881.  Assist.  Prof. 
Chemistiy  Central  High  School  Philad.  1876-80;  Demonstrator  Chem- 
istry Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1884-85;  Prof.  Chemistry  Philad.  Polyclinic 
1883-84;  Prof.  Chemistry  Pa.  Coll.  Dent.  Surg.  1883— also  in  Wagner 
Free  Inst.  Sc.  1875.  Port  Phys.  Philad.  1885-87.  Incorporator  Amer. 
Soc.  for  Prevent.  Adulterat.  of  Food,  March,  1885. 

*Leib,  Michael.     March,  1788.     b.  1759.     d.  Dec.  28,  1822. 

Attend.  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  1786-93;  Attend.  Phys.  Bush  Hill 
Hosp.  Sept.  12,  1793.  Memb.  Pa.  Prison  Soc.  April,  1789 ;  Democratic 
Soc.  and  Sec.  German  Republican  Soc.  1793.  Represent,  from  Philad. 
Co.  Legislature  Pa.  1797-98—1815-16.  Presidential  Elector  1808. 
Lazaretto  Phys.  Sept.  1800.  Memb.  Congress  1799-1806 ;  U.  S.  Senator 
1808-14;  Postma.ster  Philad.  1814;  Prothonotary  U.  S.  District  Court 
Philad.  Nov.  15,  1822. 


APPENDIX.  243 

[It  was  determined,  S^pt.  18lh,  that  Drs.  Leib,  Physick,  Catheral,  and 
Annan  should  have  entire  direction  of  the  Bush  Hill  Hospital,  attend  there 
daily  at  11  o'clock  a.m.,  and  each  receive  two  guineas  a  visit.  They  declined. 
The  committee  ordered,  Nov.  9th,  their  bills  to  be  paid,  as  follows:  Dr.  Physick 
6  visits,  £17.10;  Dr.  Catheral  2  visits,  £7;  Dr.  Leib  3  visits,  £10,  and  Dr. 
Annan  2  visits,  £7. 

Sept.  22.  Dr.  Benjamin  Duffield  preferred  his  services  which  were  accepted, 
Nov.  21.  The  President  was  requested  to  communicate  to  Dr.  Benjamin  Duf- 
field the  thanks  of  the  committee  "for  his  attention  to  the  afflicted  at  the  hos- 
pital, and  to  deliver  to  him  a  check  for  $500."  [^See,  Minutes  of  Proceedings 
of  the  Committee,  appointed  Sept.  14,  1793,  by  the  citizens  of  Philadelphia, 
Northern  Liberties,  and  Southwark,  to  attend  to  alleviate  the  sufferings  of  the 
afflicted  with  malignant  fever.     8vo.  p.  223.] 

[See,  Martin's  Bench  and  Bar,  by  John  Hill  Martin,  Philad.,  1883.  Also, 
Colonial  Kecords  and  Pennsylvania  Archives;  and  Congressional  Directory, 
by  Ben.  Perley  Poore,  Boston,  1878.] 

[No  record  of  the  early  life  of  Dr.  Leib  has  been  found.  Ben.  Perley 
Poore,  in  his  Congressional  Directory,  states  that  he  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia in  1759,  and  died  there  Dec.  28,  1822.  Michael  Leib  was  one  of  the 
corporators  of  the  College  of  Physicians.  He  was  an  apprentice  of  Dr. 
Benjamin  Eush.  Probably  he  began  to  practise  medicine  as  soon  as  he 
was  "  out  of  his  time."  His  name  is  not  on  the  catalogue  of  the  only  med- 
ical school  in  Philadelphia  prior  to  his  death.  There  is  nothing  to  suggest 
that  he  was  ever  abroad.  It  is  presumed,  therefore,  that  he  never  obtained 
any  collegiate  degree  in  medicine. 

The  records  show  that  he  was  engaged  in  politics  during  the  last  twenty- 
five  years  of  his  life.  It  was  said  that  he  "  rocked  the  cradle  of  Demo- 
cracy "  in  the  Northern  Liberties,  from  which  it  may  be  fairly  inferred  that 
he  was  an  earnest  and  popular  democratic  politician.] 

Leidy,  Joseph.    Aug.  1851.    b.  Sept.  9,  1823. 

M.D.  1844,  Univ.  Pa. ;  LL.D.  1886,  Univ.  Harvard.     Prosector  Anat., 

Prof  Anat.  1853,  Univ.  Pa. . ;  Director  and  Prof.  Zoology  and  Com- 

par.  Anat.  Biological  Dept.  1884,  Univ.  Pa. . ;  Prof  Nat.  Hist.  Swarth- 

more  Coll.  1871-85;  P.  Faculty  Wagner  Free  Instit.  Sc.  1885;  Demon- 
strator Anat.  Franklin  Med.  Coll.  1847-52.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  July,  1845,  P.  1882;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Oct.  1849;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1854;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  1845;  New 
York  Acad.  Sc.  1848;  Hesse  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  1848;  Amer.  Acad.  Arts 
and  Sc.  1849;  Biological  Soc.  Paris,  1851;  Moscow  Soc.  Naturalists, 
1852;  Mons.  Soc.  Sc.  1854;  Elliot  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  Charleston,  S.  C. 
1855;  St.  Louis  Acad.  Sc.  1856;  London  Zoological  Soc.  1857;  Leopold 
Carol.  Acad.  Sc,  Bonn,  1857;  Munich  Acad.  Sc.  1858;  Prague  Bohem. 
Acad.  Sc.  1860;  Zoological  and  Botan.  Soc.  Vienna,  1861;  Econom 
Agricult.  Acad.  Florence,  1861;  Geological  Soc.  London,  1863;  Nat. 


244  APPENDIX. 

Hist.  Soc.  Dublin,  1863;  National  Acad.  Sc.  U.  S.  1S63;  Essex  Instit. 
Salem,  Mass.  1866;  Linnean  Soc.  London,  1872;  Anthropological  Soc. 
London,  1872;  Cherbourg  Soc.  Nat.  Sc.  1873;  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  Mexico, 
1874;  Liverpool  Lit.  and  Philos.  Soc.  1877;  Washington  Biological 
Soc.  1884;  Copenhagen  Soc.  Sc.  1886.  Pathologist  St.  Joseph's  Hosp. 
1852;  Contract.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  General  Hosp.  Philad.  1862-65. 

Leidy,  Philip.     June,  1885.     b.  Dec.  29,  1838. 

M.D.  1859,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Medico-Chirurgical  Soc.  P.  1868; 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1870;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1876;  Med.  Soc.  State 
Pa.  1878;  Juniata  Valley  Med.  Soc.  1882;  Med.  Jurisprudence  Soc. 
Philad.  1883;  Neurological  Soc.  Philad.  1886;  Northern  Med.  Soc. 
Philad.  P.  1885.  Eesid.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1859-61;  Surg.  U.  S. 
Vol.  1861-65;  U.S.  Exam.  Surg,  for  Pensions  1866-70;  Port  Phys. 
Philad.  1874-83;  Consult.  Phys.  Home  for  Incurables  1875-78;  Con- 
sult. Phys.  Odd  Fellows'  Home  1878-87 ;  Phys.  in  Chief,  Philad.  Hosp. 
Insane  Dept.,  1886;  Consult.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  for  the  Insane,  1887; 
Memb.  (Sectional)  Board  of  Education. 

fLEViCK,  James  J.    April,  1851.    res.  Sept.  1868. 

M.D.  1847,  Univ.  Pa. ;  A.M.  1884,  Haverford  Coll.     Memb.  Philad. 

Co.  Med.  Soc.  1853;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1865 .;    Amer.  Med. 

Assoc.  1864;  Historical  Soc.  Pa.  1855.  Resid.  1849-51,  Phys.  1856-68 
Pa.  Hosp;  Phys.  Wills  Hosp.  1853-65;  Magdalen  Asylum,  1852 . 

Lewis,  Francis  W.    July,  1855.    b.  June  17,  1825. 

M.D.  1846,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Oct. 
1849;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1860;  Pa.  Prison  Soc.  Feb.  1865 ;  His- 
torical Soc.  Pa.  Phys.  Children's  Hosp.  1855-65;  Act.  Assist.  Surg. 
U.  S.  A.  Hosp.  Philacl.  and  Harrisburg,  Pa.  1862-64;  Surg.  St.  Joseph's 
Hosp.  1863. 

*Lewis,  Frederick  AV.     Jan.  1870.     d.  Dec.  8,  1873. 

M.D.  1867,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1868. 

Lewis,  Morris  James.     Jan.  1877.     b.  March  25,  1852. 

A.B.  1871,  A.M.  Ph.D.  M.D.  1874,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological 
Soc.  Philad.;  Philad.  Neurological  Soc.  Resid.  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1874 
-75 ;  Disp.  Phys.  Children's  Hosp.  1877 ;  Disp.  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1880 
-81 ;  Assist.  Phys.  Orthopoedic  Hosp.  1877 ;  Phys.  Episcopal  Hosp.  1881 ; 
Children's  Hosp.  1885. 

Lewis,  Samuel.     Feb.  1840.    b.  Nov.  16,  1813. 

M.D.  1840,  Edinb.,  M.E.C.S.  Eng.  1839.  Memb.  of  the  Royal  Med. 
and  Royal  Physical  Societies  Edinb.  1840;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Oct. 

1855 . ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1851 ;  Constit.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. 

1860;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 


APPENDIX.  245 

*LiTTELL,  Squike.     May,  1836.     b.  Dec.  9,  1803.     d.  July  4,  1886. 

M.D.  1824,  Univ.  Pa.  Licentiate  1825,  Acad.  Med.  Buenos  Ayres. 
Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1821 ;  Soc.  P.  E.  C.  for  Advancement 
Christianity  in  Pa.  Dec.  1833.  V.  P.  1870-86,  Bishop  White  Prayer 
Book  Soc.  Rec.  Sec.  1834;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1855.  Surg.  Wills  Hosp.  Feb.  8,  1834,  Dec.  '64;  Consult.  Phys.  Philad. 
Dispens.  Jan.  1866,  July,  '86. 

*LiVEZEY,  Edward.     July,  1864.     d.  April  15,  1876. 
M.D.  1858,  Univ.  Pa. 

Lloyd,  James  Hendrie.    Nov.  1886.    b.  Dec.  1,  1853. 

A.B.  1873,  A.M.  1876,  Coll.  N.  J.;  M.D.  1878,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
West  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  1881;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1884;  Philad. 
Neurological  Soc.  (Sec.)  1884;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1885;  Med. 
Jurisprudence  Soc.  Philad.  1885;  Amer.  Neurological  Assoc.  1886. 
Instructor  Electro-therapeutics,  Univ.  Pa. ;  Phys.  in  charge,  Home  for 
Crippled  Children. 

*LoGAX,  J.  DiCKf:NSON.     Feb.  1847.    b.  June  21,  1817.     d.  April  25,  1881.    ^i 
M.D.  1842,  Univ.  Pa.     Resid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1844-46.     Memb.  Philad.        ( 
Med.  Soc.  March,  1839;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  March,  1853;  Biological 
Soc.     Trustee  of  the  Loganian  Library. 

LoNGSTRETH,  MoRRis.     Oct.  1877.     b.  Feb.  24,  1846. 

A.B.  1866,  A.M.  1869,  Harvard  Coll.;  M.D.  1869,  Univ.  Pa.;  M.D. 
Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1870;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1882 ;  Amer.  Assoc.  Phys.  and  Pathologists  1886.  Resid. 
Phys.  Wills  Hosp.  1869;  Pa.  Hosp.  1870-71;  Philad.  Dispensary  1871 
-73;  Pathologist  and  Curator  1871,  Phys.  Out-patients  1873-79,  Attend. 
Phys.  1879,  Pa.  Hosp.    Lecturer  Pathol.  Anat.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1876. 

Ludlow,  John  Livingston.    June,  1849.    b.  May  14,  1819. 

A.M.,  M.D.  1841,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Med. 
Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad. ;  Constit.  Med.  Jurisprudence 
Soc,  Philad. ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Nov.  1847  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1855 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1857,  Emeritus  Phys. 
1887 ;  Senior  Phys.  Presbyterian  Hosp.  ab  origine ;  P.  Board  Exam. 
Surgeons  for  Pensions,  Aug.  1885. 

*LuKENS,  Charles.    Feb.  1832. 

M.D.  1816,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1815. 

MacCoy,  Alexander  W.    Nov.  1886.    b.  1847. 

A.B.  1866,  A.M.  1868,  Wittenberg,  O. ;  M.D.  1870,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1882;    Philad.  Laryngological  Soc.  1882;    Med 


246  APPENDIX. 

Soc.  State  Pa.  1883;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1884;  Amer.  Laryngological 
Assoc.  1886.  Lecturer  on  Laryngoscopy,  Rhinoscopy,  aud  Diseases  of 
the  Throat  and  Nose,  Woman's  Med.  Coll.  Pa. 

*McClellan,  George.     May,  1839.     b.  Dec.  22,  1796.     d.  May  8,  1847. 

A.B.,  A.M.  Yale;  M.D.  1819,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc. 
Nov.  1817.  Prof.  Surgery  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1825-38,  of  which  he 
was  the  founder.     Prof.  Surgery  Pa.  Med.  Coll.  1889-43. 

McClellan,  George.    Oct.  1875. 

M.D.  1870,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Surg.  Philad.  Hosp. ;  Howard  Hosp. 
Principal  Pa.  School  of  Anat. 

*McClellan,  John  H.  B.     July,  1849.    d.  July  21,  1874. 

M.D.  1844,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Nov.  1847; 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1849.  Prof.  Anat.  Pa.  Med. 
Coll. 

McFerran,  J.  A.     Jan.  1871.     b.  Nov.  27,  1827. 

M.D.  1847,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 
Phys.  Gynecological  Hosp.  and  Infirmary  for  Children.  Phys.  Philad. 
Hosp. 

*McIlvaine,  William.     Nov.  1791. 

Mallet,  John  William.    (N.  R.)    Jan.  1885.    b.  Oct.  10,  1832. 

A.B.  1853,  Univ.  Dublin;  Ph.D.  1853,  Univ.  Gottingen;  M.D.  1868, 
Univ.  Louisiana;  LL.D.  William  and  Mary  Coll.  Va.,  also,  Univ.  Miss- 
issippi. Fellow  Chemical  Soc.  Lond.  1857  ;  F.R.S.  Lend.  1877  ;  Memb. 
Chem.  Soc.  Paris ;  German  Chem.  Soc.  Berlin  ;  Amer.  Chem.  Soc.  New 
York,  P.;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  1885;  Medico-Chirurgical  Faculty  of 
Maryland;  Med.  Soc.  Va.;  Pharmaceutic  Assoc.  Va.  Prof.  Chemistry, 
Univ.  Alabama;  Med.  Coll.  Ala. ;  Univ.  La. ;  Univ.  Va.;  Univ.  Texas; 
Jefferson  Med.  Coll. ;  Chemist,  Geolog.  Surv.  Alabama ;  Reporter  on 
Water  Analysis  for  Nat.  Board  Health  ;  Lecturer  Johns  Hopkins  Univ. 
A  judge  in  Chem.  Dept.  Centenu.  Exposit.  1876. 

IMason,  John  K.     July,  1849.    res.  July  6,  1864.     d.  Oct.  2,  1872. 
M.D.  1842,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1853. 

IIMaury,  F.  F.     April,  1866.     b.  Aug.  9,  1840.     ft.  July  3,  1878.     d.  June 
4,  1879. 

M.D.  1862,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Resid.  Philad.  Hosp.  1862-63 ;  Act. 
Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  April,  1863,  April,  1865;  Accoucheur  1865,  Sur- 
geon 1866,  Philad.  Hosp.;  Surg.  Jefferson  Coll.  Hosp.  1877;  Surgeon 
1st  Troop  Philad.  City  Cavalry  1869.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 


APPENDIX.  247 

May,  1868-June,  77;    Pathological  See.  Philad.  1865;    Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1872;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1877;  Dermatological  Assoc. 

*Maybury,  William.     Jan.  1852.     b.  June  3,  1816.     d.  Nov.  20,  1873. 

A.B.  1840.  Marshall  Coll. ;  M.D.  1843,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc.  V.  P.  1858;  Northern  Med.  Assoc.  1859  P. ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  Oct.  1860-Aug.  '73;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  P.  1866;  Historical 
Soc.  Pa.;  Franklin  Instit.  Pa. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847.  P.  Managers 
Episcopal  Hosp. ;  Trustee  Franklin  and  Marshall  Coll. 

Mayer,  Edward  R.     (N.  R.)     1850.    b.  July  18,  1823. 

A.B.  1841,  A.M.,  M.D.  1844,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Luzerne  Co.  Med. 
Soc.  April,  1861 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1873.  Senior  Consult.  Phys.  and 
Dean  of  Staff,  Wilkesbarre  City  Hosp.  1871. 

Mays,  Thomas  J.    Oct.  1855,    b.  July  10,  1846. 

M.D.  1868,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc; 
Deutsche  Medizinische  Gesellschaft  Philad. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1876. 
Adjunct.  Prof.  Chest  Diseases,  Philad.  Polyclinic. 

Mears,  J.  EwiNG.     Oct.  1868.     b.  Oct.  17,  1838. 

A.B.,  B.S.  1858,  A.M.  1876,  Trinity  Coll;  M.D.  1865,  Jefferson  Med. 
Coll.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1864,  Sec.  1868-71,  V.  P.  1876- 
77,  1878-81;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Nov.  1870-Oct.  '77;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1870;  Constituent,  Philad.  Acad.  Surgery,  Sec.  1880-84,  Re- 
corder 1884 ;  Constituent,  Amer.  Surg.  Assoc.  1880,  Recorder  1881 ; 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1882;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1883.  Prof.  Anat. 
and  Surg.  Pa.  Coll.  Dental  Surgery,  1870;  of  Dental  Surgery,  Jefferson 
Med.  Coll.  1872.  Surg.  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  1870;  Gynecologist  Jefferson 
Med.  Coll.  Hosp.  1876. 

Meigs,  Arthur  V.     April,  1875.     b.  Nov.  1,  isio  ^ 

M.D.  1871,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.;  Obstetrical 
Soc.  Philad.;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Resid.  Pa.  Hosp.  Oct.  1872- 
1874;  (lately)  Asst.  Phys.  Children's  Hosp.  Southern  Home  for  Friend- 
less Children  ;  Consult.  Phys.  Pa.  Instit.  for  Instruct,  of  the  Blind ; 
Phys.  Pa.  Hosp. 

*Meigs,  Charles  D.    April,  1827.     b.  Feb.  19,  1792.     d.  June  22,  1869. 

A.B.  1809,  Univ.  Georgia;  M.D.  1817,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad. 
Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1816 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Feb.  1818-Sept.  '22,  and 
April,  '48-March,  '62.  Consult.  Phys.  and  Instituent  Memb.  Board  of 
Managers  1833-69,  Pa.  Instit.  for  Instruct,  of  the  Blind;  Amer.  Philos. 
Soc.  April,  1826,  Councillor  1832-58;  Kappa  Lambda  Soc. ;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1847 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Society  of  Swedish  Physicians 


248  APPENDIX. 

1854 ;  Corres.  Hunterian  Soc.  1854.  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1838-49.  Prof. 
Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
1841-61. 

*Meigs,  James  Aitkin.    Oct.  1856.    b.  July  31,  1829.     d.  Nov.  9, 1879. 

A.B.  1848,  Central  High  School,  Philad. ;  M.D.  1831,  Jefferson  Med. 
Coll.  Memb.  Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1852, 
Libr.  Aug.  1856-May  31  '59  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1858  ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Historical  Soc.  Wisconsin ;  Medico-Legal 
Soc.  N.  Y. ;  Antiquarian  Soc.  Philad.  ;  New  York  Lyceum  Nat.  Hist. ; 
Soci«5te  d' Anthropologic  de  Paris  ;  Ethnological  Soc.  London  ;  Anthro- 
pological Soc.  Lond. ;  Societas  Medicorum  Svecanse,  Stockholm.  Attend. 
Phys.  Howard  Hosp.  1855-68  ;  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1868-79  ;  Phys.  Philad. 
Hosp.  Lecturer  Instit.  Med.  Philad.  Coll.  Med.  1857-59  ;  Prof,  of  Pa. 
Med.  Coll.  1859-61  ;  Prof.  Instit.  xMed.  and  Med.  Jurisprudence,  Jef- 
ferson Med.  Coll.  1868.  Trustee  Polytechnic  Coll.  ;  Trustee  Pa.  Coll. 
Dental  Surg. 

*Meigs,  John  Forsyth.  June,  1843.  b.  Oct.  3,  1818.  d.  Dec.  16,  1882. 
M.D.  1838,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  1838-40,  Att.  Phys.  1859-82,  Pa. 
Hosp.  Consult.  Phys.  Children's  Hosp.  and  of  the  Pa.  Instit.  for 
Instruct,  of  the  Blind,  1870.  Lecturer  on  Obstetrics,  on  Practice  of  Med., 
on  Diseases  of  Children,  Philad.  Assoc,  for  Med.  Instruction,  1843. 
Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1841 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc  Philad.  April, 
1852 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1852 ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. ;  Ob- 
stetrical Soc.  Philad. ;  Philad.  Co.  Med  Soc. 

Mifflin,  Houston.     (N.  R.)    Dec.  1884.    b.  Sept.  29,  1850 

M.D.  1879,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Pa.  Hosp.  Feb.  1881-June,  '82.  Memb. 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Oct.  1884. 

Mills,  Charles  K.    Jan.  1881.    b.  Dec.  4,  1845. 

A.B.  1864,  A.M.  Central  High  School,  Philad.;  M.D.  1869,  Ph.D. 
1871,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1870-77;  Northern 
Med.  Assoc.  Philad.  1870 ;  Frankhn  Instit.  Pa.  1871 ;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1872;  Centennial  Med.  Commis.  1875-76;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. 
1876;  Internat.  Med.  Congress,  1876;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1878, 
V.  P.  1884;  Amer.  Neurologic.  Assoc.  1881,  P.  1886-87;  Nat.  Assoc. 
Protection  of  the  Insane  and  Prevention  of  Insanity,  1882 ;  Lehigh 
Valley  Med.  Soc.  1883;  Philad.  Neurological  Soc.  1884,  V.  P.  1884-87; 
Med.  Jurisprudence  Soc.  Philad.  1884,  V.  P.  1885-87;  Amer.  Soc. 
Physical  Research,  1885,  P.  Philad.  Branch  1885;  Philad.  Co.  Med. 
Soc,  V.  P.  1881-82,  Censor,  1883-86.  Lecturer  on  Physics,  Wagner 
Free  Instit.  Sc.  1870-73;  Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  1872  ;  on  Electro-therapeut. 
Univ.  Pa.   1877-82;    on   Mental  Dis.    Univ.  Pa.    1881;    on   Nervous, 


APPENDIX.  249 

Mental  Diseases,  and  Electro-tlierapeut.  Woman's  Med.  Coll.  Pa.  1882  ; 
Pliys.  Northern  Dispens.  1871-74 ;  Dept.  for  Nervous  Diseases  St. 
Mary's  Hosp.  1872-74;  Dispens.  Episcopal  Hosp.  1874-75 ;  Chief  of 
Dispens.  for  Nervous  Diseases,  Univ.  Hosp.  1874-82  ;  Neurologist 
Philad.  Hosp.  1877,  and  Howard  Hosp.  1879-85  ;  Consult.  Phys.  State 
Hosp.  for  Insane,  Norristown,  Pa.,  1880  ;  Consult.  Phys.  Pa.  Training 
School  for  Feeble-minded  Children,  1882  ;  also,  Insane  Dept.  Philad. 
Hosp.  1884.  Prof.  Diseases  of  the  Mind  and  Nervous  Syst.  Philad. 
Polyclinic  and  Coll.  for  Graduates  in  Med.  1884. 

*MiNNiCK,  Joseph  P.     Aug.  1801.     (Elected  Assoc.) 

^Mitchell,  John  Kearsley.     Aug.  1827.     b.  March  12,  1793.     d.  April 
4,  1858. 

A.B.  Edinb. ;  M.D.  1819,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 
July,  1822;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  July,  1827  ;  Philad.  Med.  Soc. ;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1847 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Oct.  1850.  Lecturer  on  Chem- 
istry in  Philad.  Med.  Institute,  1823-32 ;  in  Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  1826-40  ; 
on  Theory  and  Pract.  Med.  in  Philad.  Med.  Instit.  1832-40 ;  Prof.  Theory 
and  Pract.  Med.  JefFersou  Med.  Coll.  1841-58.    Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1827-34. 

Mitchell,  S.  Weir.     Jan.  1856.    b.  Feb.  15,  1829. 

M.D.  1850,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.;  LL.D.  1886,  Harvard  Univ.  Cor- 
res.  British  Med.  Assoc.  1860;  Boston  Med.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  1861;, 
Societe  Academique  La  Loire  Inferieure,  1872;  New  York  Acad.  Med. 
1874;  Honorary,  Gynecological  Soc.  1870;  St.  Andrew's  Med.  Grad. 
Assoc.  1867;  London  Med.  Soc.  1878;  Med.  Soc.  of  New  Jersey,  1870; 
Med.  Soc.  State  of  N.  Y.  1877;  Foreign  Associate  Med.  Soc.  Nor- 
way, 1871 ;  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  April,  1852.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  Sept.  1853,  Biolog.  and  Microsc.  Section  1858-77,  Director 
1868-71;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1862;  Amer.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sc. 
(Associate)  1865 ;  National  Acad.  Sc.  U.  S.  Amer.  1865 ;  Pathological 
Soc.  Philad.  P.  1869;  Med.  Soc.  State  of  New  Jersey,  1878;  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc.  1878 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1880 ;  Amer.  Assoc.  Phys.  and 
Pathologists,  P.  1886.  Trustee  Univ.  Pa. ;  Director  Philad.  Lib.  Co. 
Phys.  Southern  Dispens.  Philad.  1856;  St.  Joseph's  Hosp.  1858;  Sani- 
tary Inspector  U.  S.  A. ;  Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  Army  Hosp.  for  Dis- 
eases and  Injuries  of  the  Nervous  System,  1863 ;  Visit.  Phys.  Pa.  Inst, 
for  Instruct,  of  the  Blind,  1861-67 ;  Phys.  Presbyterian  Hosp.  1872  ; 
Orthopoedic  Hosp.  and  Infirmary  for  Nervous  Diseases,  1872 ;  Consult. 
Phys.  State  Lying-in  Hosp.  and  Infirm.  1872;  Insane  Dept.  Philad. 
Hosp.  1884. 

*Moehring,  Gotthilf.     June,  1842.     b.  Dec.  14,  1802.     d.  Oct.  9,  1881. 
M.D.  1825,  Univ.  Berlin.     Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  April,  1849. 
Phys.  German  Benevolent  Soc.  Philad. 


250  APPENDIX. 

Montgomery,  Edward  E.    Oct.  1882.    b.  May  15, 1849. 

B.S.  1871,  Denison  Univ.  0. ;  M.D.  1874,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb. 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1876;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1882;  Pliilad.  Clinical 
Soc.  1885,  P. ;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1885,  V.P.  Resid.  Phys.  Philad. 
Hosp.  April,  1874,  Jan.  '75,  Obstetrician  Philad.  Hosp.  1877-80.  Prof. 
Didactic  and  Clinic.  Gynecology,  Medico-Chirurgical  Coll.  Philad.  1886; 
Gynecologist  Medico-Chirurgical  Hosp.  Philad.  1886. 

*MooRE,  Charles.    April,  1787. 
Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1773-74. 

*MooRE,  John.     Aug.  1815.    b.  May  4,  1778.     d.  May  23,  1836. 
M.D.  1800,  Univ.  Pa.     Obstetrician  Pa.  Hosp.  1820-29. 

tMooRE,  John  Wilson.     Dec.  1817.     res.  Feb.  2, 1869.     d.  June  25, 1865. 
M.D.  1812,  Univ.  Pa.     Resid.  1808-13,  Phys.  1821-27.   Pa.  Hosp. 
Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  1814 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847 ;  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc.  April,  1849. 

Morehouse,  George  R.    July,  1863. 

M.D.  1875,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Aug.  1856; 

Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1877,  Council.  1882 .     Phys.  St.  Joseph's 

Hosp. 

^Morgan,  John.    Jan.  1787.    b.  1735.    d.  Oct.  15.  1789. 

A.B.  1757,  Coll.  Philad. ;  M.D.  1763,  Edinb.  Corres.  Royal  Acad. 
Surgery,  Paris,  1864.  Memb.  Arcadian  Belle  Lettres  Soc.  Rome, 
1764  ;  F.R.S.,  London  ;  Licentiate  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians, 
London,  and  Edinb.  1765  ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  1766.  Prof  Theory  and 
Prac.  Med.  Dept.  Coll.  Philad.  1765.  Director-General  of  the  Military 
Hospitals  and  Phys.  in  Chief  of  the  Amer.  Army  1775-77.  Phys.  Pa. 
Hosp.  1773-77  and  1778-83. 

*MoRRis,  Caspar.     Sept.  1839.    b.  May  2,  1805.     d.  March  17,  1884. 

M  D.  1826,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1824-27.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat. 
Sc.  Philad.  June,  1829-Dec.  1838;  Bishop  White  Prayer  Book  Soc.  1834; 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  1857-Dec.  '60.  Lecturer 
on  Pract.  Med.,  Philad.  Med.  Instit.  1838-44;  on  Diseases  of  Children 
1856-58  Philad.  Hosp.,  Phys.  House  of  Refuge  1832-34;  Visit.  Phys. 
1834-41,  a  Manager  1849-59,  V.  P.  1860-70  Pa.  Instit.  for  the  Instruc- 
tion of  the  Blind ;  an  Instituent  Manager  of  the  Episcopal  Hospital 
1851-84. 

Morris,  Caspar.    May,  1886. 
M.D.  1878,  Univ.  Pa. 


APPENDIX.  251 

Morris,  Henry.    May,  1883. 

M.D.  1878,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 

Morris,  J.  Cheston.    Oct.  1856.    b.  May  28, 1831. 

A.B.  1851,  A.M.,  M.D.  1854,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 
Oct.  1854 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1858 ;  Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  Dec.  1870 ; 
Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1883  ;  Pa.  Horticultural  Soc.  1886;  Philad.  Co. 
Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad. ;  Amer.  Acad.  Med. ;  Amer.  Pub.  Health  Assoc. 
Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  1854-57  ;  Moyaraensing  House  of  Industry ; 
Foster  Home  for  Children,  1857-63 ;  Assist.  Surg.  1854-57,  Attend.  Phys. 
1857-72  Episcopal  Hosp. ;  Consult.  Phys.  Sheltering  Arms  1882 . 

pioRRis,  John.     Jan.  1787.    b.  Oct.  27,  1759.     ft.  1789.     d.  Sept.  1793. 

M.D.  1783.  Univ.  State  Pa.  Attend.  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  Feb.  1786. 

*M0RT0N,  Samuel  George.  Jan.  1845.  b.  Jan.  26,  1799.  d.  May  15,  1851. 
M.D.  1820,  Univ.  Pa.,  1823,  Edin.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1829.  Lec- 
turer Pract.  Med.  Philad.  Assoc,  for  Med.  Instruct.  1830 ;  Prof.  Anat. 
Pa.  Med.  Coll.  1839-43.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1819;  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1820,  Record.  Sec.  1825,  '29,  Curator  1831-34, 
Corres.  Sec.  1831,  May,  '40,  V.  P.  May,  1840-Dec.  '49,  P.  Dec.  1849-May 
15, '51;  Pa.  Prison  Soc.  Nov.  1827;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1828; 
Philad.  Med.  Soc. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847 ;  Massachusetts  Med.  Soc. ; 
Western  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  Georgia  Historical  Soc. ;  Lyceum 
of  Nat.  Hist,  of  New  York  ;  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  History ;  Amer.  Oriental 
Soc.  Boston ;  Amer.  Ethnological  Soc.  N.  Y. ;  Med.  Soc,  Sweden ;  Royal 
Botan.  Soc,  Ratisbon  ;  Acad.  Sc.  and  Letters,  Palermo  ;  Royal  Soc. 
Northern  Antiquaries,  Copenhagen;  Acad.  Sc,  Letters,  and  Arts  de 
Zelanti  di  Arci-reale;  Imperial  Soc.  Naturalists,  Moscow;  Med.  Soc. 
Edinburg ;  Senckenburg  Nat.  Hist.  Soc,  Frankfort-on-Mayne. 

Morton,  Thomas  G.    July,  1861.    b.  Aug.  8,  1835. 

M  D.  1856,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1856;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1864;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  (res.) ;  Instit.  Memb.  Patho- 
logical Soc.  Philad. ;  Amer.  Surgical  Assoc.  1880 ;  Philad.  Acad.  Sur- 
gery. Commissioner  of  Public  Charities  Pa.  1883  ;  Chairman  Lunacy 
Commiss.  Pa.  1886  ;  Commiss.  Pa.  for  Erection  Norristown  Hosp. ; 
Amer.  Soc.  for  Restriction  of  Vivisection,  P.  1885-86 ;  Soc.  for  Protec- 
tion of  Children  from  Cruelty,  V.  P.  Resid.  Phys.  St.  Joseph's  Hosp. 
1856;  Wills  Hosp.  1857 ;  Pa.  Hosp.  1857-58,  Surg.  Wills  Hosp.  1859-74, 
Emeritus  '74;  Consult.  Surg.  Pa.  Instit.  for  Instruct  of  the  Blind  1862; 

Woman's  Hosp.  1870;  Surg.  Feb.   1864 .  Pa.  Hosp.;    Pathologist 

and  Curator  1860-64,  Surg.  Jewish  Hosp.  1870;  Consult.  Surg.  Pa. 
Instit.  for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  1885 ;  Surg,  and  a  Founder  Orthopoedic 
Hosp.  1867  ;    Phys.  Howard  Home  1865-75  ;    Surg.-iu-Chief  U.  S.  A. 


252  APPENDIX. 

Hosp.  Philad.  1863;  Consult.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  (Mower)  Hosp.  1863; 
Prof,  of  Clinical  and  Operat.  Surgery,  Philad.  Polyclinic  and  Coll.  for 
Graduates. 

Moss,  William.    Oct.  1864.    b.  May  8,  1833. 

M.D.  1855,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Surg.  6th  Pa.  Cavalry,  1861 ;  U.  S. 
Volunteers  1862. 

MussER,  John  Herr.     Oct.  1882.    b.  June  22,  1856. 

M.D.  1877,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1879 ;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1880;  Neurological  Soc.  Philad.  1885;  West  Philad.  Med. 
Soc.  1885 ;  Amer.  Climatological  Soc.  1886 ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1883. 
Corres.  Sec.  1881-87.  Med.  Registrar  Univ.  Hosp.  1878-81 ;  Chief 
Med.  Dispensary  Univ.  Hosp.  1881;  Pathologist  Presbyterian  Hosp. 
1884 ;  Attending  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1885. 

MussER,  MiLTOif  B.     Oct.  1884.     b.  Oct.  20,  1846. 

M.D.  1868,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1871 ; 
Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1871 ;'  West  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  1879,  P.  1881. 
Phys.  Old  Men's  Home,  1872 ;  Obstetrician  Philad.  Hosp.  1877 ;  Con- 
sult. Phys.  Educat.  Home  for  Boys,  1878. 

*MuTTER,  Thomas  Dext.  May,  1836.  b.  April,  1811.  d.  March  16, 1859. 
A.B.  Hampden  Sidney  Coll.  Ya. ;  M.D.  1831,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1829 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  July,  1853,  Rec. 
Sec.  1835-36;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Oct. 
1850;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1851.  Prof.  Surgery  Jefferson  Med. 
Coll.  1841-56. 

*Nebinger,  Andrew.  April,  1865.  b.  Dec.  12,  1819.  d.  April  12,  1886. 
M.D.  1850,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  July,  1855, 
Treasr.  V.  P.  and  P.  1870 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1858 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  July,  1866  ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  V.  P.,  P.  1879;  Northern  Med. 
Assoc;  Historical  Soc.  Pa.;  Franklin  Tnstit.  Pa.  Manager  Wills  Eye 
Hosp.  Memb.  Board  of  Education  Philad.  1868-86.  Med.  Director 
St.  Mary's  Hosp. ;  Surg.  Cooper  Shop  Volunteer  Hosp.  Philad.  ;  Cor- 
porator Cooper  Shop  Soldiers'  Home. 

Neff,  Joseph  Seal.    Jan.  1886.    b.  Feb.  27,  1854. 

A.B.  1873,  A.M.  1876,  Univ.  Pa.;  M.D.  1875,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  June,  1880;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. 
1879;  Med.  Jurisprudence  Soc.  Philad.  1885.     Phys.  Out-patients  Dept. 

Pa.  Hosp.  1879-87 ;  Attend.  Phys.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Hosp.  1882 . ; 

Philad.  Hosp.  1884 .;    Coroner's  Phys.  1881-83 ;    Assist.  Phys.  Or- 

thopoedic  Hosp.  1879-81. 

i-NEiLL,  Benjamin  D.     Feb.  1839.     res.  Oct.  1840.  ^ 

M.D.  1833,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1831. 


APPENDIX.  253 

*Neill,  Hejjry.     June,  1811.    b.  1783.     d.  Oct.  7,  1845. 

M.D.  1807,  Univ.  Pa.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.;  Pliilad.  Dispens. ;  Wal- 
nut St.  Prison. 

*Neill,  John.     Aug.  1846.    b.  July  9,  1819.     d.  Feb.  11,  1880. 

A.B.  1837,  A.M.,  M.D.  1840,  Univ.  Pa.  Eesid.  1840-41,  Surg.  1847, 
Wills  Hosp.  Surg.  Pa.  Hosp.  1852-59 ;  Surg.  Philad.  Hosp.  Phys. 
Southeast  Cholera  Hosp.  1849.  Contract.  Surg.  U.  S.  Army  1861-62 ; 
Med.  Director  Home  Guard,  Surg.  Vol.  1862,  Med.  Director  1863;  Post 
Surg.  Philad.  1865-76;  Surg.  Pa.  Instit.  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  1865; 
Surg.  Presbyterian  Hosp.  Assist.  Demonst.  Anat.  1842,  Demonstrator 
Anat.  1845;  Prof.  Clinical  Surgery  1874,  '75,  emeritus,  Univ.  Pa.  Lec- 
turer on  Anat.  Philad.  Med.  Inst.  1846-50.  Prof.  Surgery  Pa.  Med. 
Coll.  1854-59.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 
Jan.  1849;  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1838,  V.  P.  1859;  Amer.  Philos. 
Soc.  May,  1852. 

*Newbold,  George  L.    Nov.  1843. 

M.D.  1840,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1839;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc. 

fNoBLE,  Charles.    March,  1836. 
M.D.  1827,  Univ.  Pa. 

*NoREis,  George  W.     June,  1839.    b.  Nov.  6,  1808.     d.  March  4,  1875. 

A.B.  1827,  M.D.  1830,  Univ.  Pa.  Eesid.  Phys.  1830-33  ;  Surg.  1836 
-63  Pa.  Hosp. ;  Consult.  Surg.  Orthopoedic  Hosp. ;  of  Children's 
Hosp.,  P.  Board  of  Managers;  Prof.  Clinical  Surg.  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Societe  Medicale  d'Observation,  Paris,  1834;  Philad.  Med.  Soc. 
V.  P.  1859 ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1847,  V.  P.  1850-51 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  May,  1858 ;  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  April,  1844 ;  Historical  Soc.  Pa.  P.  Director  Philad.  Lib. 
Co. ;  Director  Mutual  Fire  Ins.  Co. ;  Philad.  Savings  Fund  Soc. ;  Trustee 
Univ.  Pa. 

NoRRis,  Herbert.    July,  1869. 

M.D.  1866,  Univ.  Pa.     Phys.  Catharine  St.  Dispens.     Amer.  Med. 

Assoc.  1872. 

Norris,  Jr.,  Isaac.     April,  1865.     b.  June  12,  1834. 

A.B.  1852,  A.M.,  M.D.  1855,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 

Jan.  1861,  Treas.  of  its  Biolog.  and  Microscop.  Sect.  1872 . ;  Amer. 

Philos.  Soc.  Oct.  1872 ;  Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  1866,  Sec.  March,  1879, 
Jan.  '82,  Manager ;  Historical  Soc.  Pa.  June,  1859.  Act.  Assist.  Surg. 
U.  S.  A.  Oct.  1862-65 ;  Prof.  Chemistry,  Central  High  School,  Philad. 
Aug.  1866-Feb.  '76.     Phys.  Philad.  Dispensary,  1865-67. 


254:  APPENDIX. 

*NoRRis,  John  C.     Jan.  1870.    b.  Oct.  2,  1834.     d.  March  13,  1885. 

M.D.  1862,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.     Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862-64. 

NoREis,  William  F.     Jan.  1866.     b.  Jan.  6,  1839. 

A.B.  1858,  A.M.,  M.D.  1861,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1861-63; 
Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1863-65.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  V.  P. 
1877;  Amer.  Ophthalmological  Soc.  1870,  V.  P.  1879,  P.  1884-86; 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  May,  1868;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Dec.  1886.    Surg. 

Wills    Hosp.    1870 .      Prof.    Ophthalmology   Univ.  P.  1876 . 

Comp.  Milit.  Order  Loyal  Legion  U.  S.  1882. 

Oliver,  Charles  Augustus.    Feb.  1884.    b.  Dec.  14,  1853. 

A.B.  1873,  A.M.  1878,  Central  High  School,  Philad.;  M.D.  1876, 
Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1879 ;  Historical  Soc.  Pa.  1882 ; 
Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1883 ;  Amer.  Assoc.  Advance.  Sc.  1884 ;  Soc.  Amer. 
Naturalists,  1885 ;  Amer.  Ophthalmological  Soc.  1885;  Amer.  Philos. 
Soc.  1886.  Eesid.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  Jan.  1877-May,  '78 ;  Assist. 
Phys.  Univ.  Hosp.  1878-80;  Attend.  Phys.  Northern  Dispensary,  1878 
-80;  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Surg.  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  1883;  Maternity 
Hosp.  1886  ;  Phys.  [temporary  substitute  in  the  summers  of  1885  and 
'86]  Wills  Hosp. ;  Visit.  Phys.  and  Ophthalmologist,  State  Hosp.  for 
the  Insane,  Norristown,  Pa.,  1886. 

O'Neill,  J.  W.     April,  1884. 

M.D.  1877,  Univ.  Pa.     Children's  Hosp.  and  Southern  Home. 

OsLER,  William.     Jan.  1885.     b.  1849. 

M.D.  1872,  McGill  Univ.;  Licent.  Royal  Coll.  Phys.  London,  1873, 
Memb.  1878,  Fellow,  1883.  Prof.  Instit.  Med.  McGill  Univ.  1874-84 ; 
Phys.  and  Pathologist,  Montreal  Genl.  Hosji.  1878-84;  P.  Cana- 
dian Med.  Assoc.  1885;  Gulstonian  Prof  Eoyal  Coll.  Phys.  London, 
1885 ;  Cartwright  Lecturer,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.  N.  Y.  1886 ;  F.R.S. 
Canada.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Jan.  1887;  Amer.  Philos. 
Soc.  July,  1885;  Royal  Microscop.  Soc.  Phys.  Univ.  Hosp.  1884; 
Philad.  Hosp.  1886;  Orthopredic  Hosp.  1884.  Prof  Clinical  Med.  Univ. 
Pa.  1884 . 

*Otto,  John  C.     March,  1819.    b.  March  14,  1774.     d.  June  26,  1844. 

A.B.  1772,  Coll.  N.  J.;  M.D.  1796,  Univ.  Pa.  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens. 
1798-1803;  Pa.  Hosp.  1813-35;  Orphan  Asylum;  Magdalen  Asylum. 
Memb.  Philad.  Acad.  Med.;  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1806;  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1817. 

Packard,  John  H.    July,  1868.    b.  Aug.  15,  1832. 

A.B.  1850,  A.M.,  M.D.  1853,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 
Nov.  1856-77;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1857,  Sec.  1861-62,  P.  1867-68 ; 


APPENDIX.  55 

Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1860;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1868,  P.  1877-79 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1876,  V.  P.  1879-80;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1877 
Acad.  Surgery  Philad.  1879 ;  Med.  Jurisprudence  Soc.  Philad.  1883 
Amer.  Surg.  Assoc.  1881,  Treas.  1881-84.  Eesid.  1855-56,  Surg.  1884 


Pa.  Hosp. ;    Phys.  Foster  Home  1857-73 ;    St.  Joseph's  Hosp.  1881 
Surg.  Episcopal  Hosp.  1863-84 ;  Sec.  Surgical  Section  Interuat.  Med 
Congress  1876;  Act.  Asst.   Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1861-65;    Surg.    Woman's 
Hosp.   1876-77.    Mutter  Lecturer  1864-66.     Director  Acad.  Fine  Arts 
Philad. 

*Page,  Edward  A.     Jan.  1863.     d.  Feb.  19,  1881. 

M.D.  1852,  Univ.  Pa.  Surg.U.S.V.;  St.  Joseph's  Hosp.;  Med. 
Director  Penn  Mutual  Ins.  Co. 

*Page,  William  Byrd.    Dec.  1843.    d.  Feb.  18,  1877,  set.  59. 

M.D.  1839,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med  Soc.  Jan.  1849; 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1848  ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1853  ;  Med.  Soc. 
State  Pa.  Prof.  Surg.  Pa.  Coll.  Visit.  Surg.  1844-54,  Consult.  Surg. 
1854^62  Pa.  Instit.  for  Instruct,  of  the  Blind. 

*Pancoast,  Joseph.     May,  1835.    b.  1805.     d.  March  6,  1882. 

M.D.  1828,  Univ.  Pa.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1834-45 ;  Surg.  Pa.  Hosp. 
1854-64;  Prof.  Surgery  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1838-47;  Prof.  Anat. 
1847-74.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  1826  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  April, 
1849 ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Dec.  1847 ;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1848  ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1851. 

Pancoast,  William  Henry.    Jan.  1864. 

A.B.  1853,  A.M.  Haverford  Coll.;  M.D.  1856,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Demonstrator,  Adjunct  Prof.,  and  Prof.  General,  Descript.  and  Surg. 
Anat.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1874-86 ;    Prof.  General   and  Surg.   Anat. 

and   Clinical   Surgery,    Medico-Chirurgical    Coll.,   Philad.   1886 . ; 

Trustee  and  V.  P.  Medico-Chirurgical  Hosp.  and  Coll. ;  Surgeon  emeritus 
Philad  Hosp.  Trustee  and  Consult.  Surg.  Charity  Hosp. ;  Pa.  Free 
Dispens.  Skin  Diseases.  Corres.  de  la  Societe  des  Hopitaux  de  Paris- 
Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc,  P. ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.,  V.  P. ;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1868,  V. P.;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Sept.  1870;  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1883;  Ninth  Internat.  Med.  Congress,  Memb.  Execu- 
tive Council,  P.  Sect,  on  Anat.  1887. 

Parish,  William  Henry.    Oct.  1882.    b.  Oct.  23,  1845. 

M.D.  1870,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872 ; 
Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1873;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1874,  V.  P. 
1881-82  and  1885-86;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1876;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. 
1879 ;  Amer.  Gynecological  Soc.  1885  ;  Med.  Jurisprudence  Soc.  Philad. 


256  APPENDIX. 

1885;  Philad.  Clinical  Soc.  1885.  Resid.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1871  ; 
Howard  Hosp.  1873  ;  Visit.  Phys.  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  1874  ;  Obstetrician 
Philad.  Hosp.  1876;  Prof.  Anatomy,  Woman's  Med.  Coll.  Pa.  1882. 
Prof.  Obstetrics  and  Gynecology  Philad.  Polyclinic  1883. 

*Parke,  Thomas.     Jan.  1787.     b.  Aug.  6,  1749.    d.  Jan.  9,  1835. 

M.B.  1770,  Coll.  Philad.  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1777-1823.  Memb.  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1794,  Curator  1795-96.  Director  Philad.  Library  Co. 
1778-1835. 

*Pariiish,  Isaac.     May,  1836.     b.  March  19,  1811.     d.  July  31, 1852. 

M.D.  1832,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Philad.  Hosp.  1830-31 ;  Phys.  Cholera 
Hosp.  1832 ;  Surg.  Wills  Hosp.  1834.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov. 
1831 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1846-47;  Soc.  for  Abolition  of  Slavery;  Philad.  Soc.  for  Alleviating 
Miseries  of  Public  Prisons,  Nov.  1834. 

*Parrish,  Joseph.     Nov.  1810.     b.  Sept.  2,  1779.     d.  March  18,  1840. 

M.D.  1805,  Univ.  Pa.  Attend.  Phys.  1806-35,  Consult.  Phys.  1835 
-46  Philad.  Dispens. ;  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1816-29,  Lecturer  on  Chemistry 
1807-10.  P.  Board  of  Managers  Wills  Hosp. ;  Pa.  Prison  Soc.  Dec. 
1802;  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec,  V.  P.  1806;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.; 
Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1815. 

Pareish,  Joseph.     (N.  R.)    Oct.  1854. 
M.D.  1844,  Univ.  Pa. 

Parrish,  William  H.    1882. 

M.D.  1870,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Prof  Anat.  Woman's  Med.  Coll.; 
Obstetrician  Philad.  Hosp. 

*Parry,  John  S.     Jan.  1870.     b.  Feb.  4,  1843.     d.  March  11,  1876. 

M.D.  1865,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Philad.  Hosp.  1865-66 ;  Visit.  Ob- 
stetrician Philad.  Hosp.  1867 ;  Distr.  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  1866 ; 
Phys.  for  Diseases  of  Women,  Presbyterian  Hosp.  1872.  Surg.  State 
Hosp.  for  Women  and  Infants,  1873.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. 
1867,  V.  P. ;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1870.  P. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872. 

Paryin,  Theophiltts.     Dec.  1883.     b.  Jan.  9,  1829. 

A.B.  1847,  A.M.  1850,  State  Univ.  Indiana ;  M.D.  1852,  Univ.  Pa. ; 
LL.D.  Hanover  Coll.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1867,  P.  1879;  Amer. 
Gynecological  Soc.  1876 ;  State  Med.  Soc.  Indiana,  P.  1861 ;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1885;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad. ;  Honorary  Fellow  Edinb. 
Obstetrical  Soc.  1882.  Prof.  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and 
Children,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Obstetric  Staff,  Philad.  Hosp. 
1884.    . 


APPENDIX.  257 

^Patterson,  Henry  S.    Aug.  1843.    d.  1854. 

M.D.  1836,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  1846 ;  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc. 

*Paul,  John  Marshall.    May,  1835.    b.  Jan.  2,  1800.    d.  Dec.  18,  1879. 
M.D.  1824,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1819.     Phys. 
House  of  Eefuge  1835. 

*Paul,  John  Rodman.     Feb.  1836.     b.  Jan.  24,  1802.     d.  Oct.  13,  1877. 

A.B.  1820,  M.D.  1823,  Univ.  Pa.  Eesid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1825-26  ;  Manager 
Wills  Hosp.,  P.  of  the  Board  30  years.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec. 
1820;  City  Council  1844;  Amer.  Med,  Assoc.  1847.  Director  Girard 
Coll. ;  Treasurer  Washington  Manufact.  Co.  1859-69 ;  P.  Gloucester 
Land  Co. ;  Director  Philad.  Contributionship ;  of  the  Bank  of  Com- 
merce ;  of  the  Philad.  Savings  Bank ;  Trustee  Univ.  Pa.  1869 ;  In- 
spector Philad.  Co.  Prison. 

*Peace,  Edward.     March,  1839.     d.  Sept.  9,  1879,  ret.  68. 

M.D.  1833,  Univ.  Pa.  Surg.  Pa.  Hosp.  1840-61.  Memb.  Philad. 
Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1831;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1859;  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc. 

*Peace,  Joseph.     Oct.  1840.     b.  Jan.  14,  1807.     d.  July  25,  1845. 

A.B.  1825,  M.D.  1829,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec. 
1831.  Eesid.  Philad.  Hosp.  1827-29;  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  1832; 
Phys.  Wills.  Hosp.  1835. 

*Pennock,  Caspar  Wistar.    Sept.  1834.    b.  1801.    d.  April  16,  1867. 

M.D.  1828,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Feb.  1834.  Phys. 
Philad.  Dispens. ;  Philad.  Hosp.  1835. 

Penrose,  Eichard  A.  F.     April,  1854.     b.  March  24,  1827. 

A.B.  1846,  A.M.  1849,  LL.D.  1872,  Dickinson  Coll. ;  M.D.  1849  Univ. 
Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1856 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc. 
July,  1863.  Eesid.  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1851-53;  Phys.  Southern  Home 
for  Children  1853 ;  Philad.  Hosp.  1854 ;  Preston  Eetreat  1864 ;  Univ. 
Hosp.  Prof.  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Univ. 
Pa.  1863 . 

*Pepper,  George.    April,  1867. 

M.D.  1865,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Aug.  1867. 

*Pepper,  William.     May,  1839.     b.  Jan.  21,  1810.    d.  Oct.  15,  1864. 

A.B.  1828,  Coll.  N.  J.;    M.D.  1832,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Med. 
Soc.  Feb.  1831 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Feb.  1837 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 

17 


258  APPENDIX. 

1847;  Amer.  Pbilos.  Soc.  April,  1851;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Phys. 
Philad.  Dispens.  1834;  Wills  Hosp.  1839-41 ;  Pa.  Instit.  for  Instruct,  of 
the  Blind,  1841-44 ;  Pa.  Hosp.  1842-1858.  Prof.  Theory  and  Pract. 
Med.  Univ.  Pa.  1860-1866. 

Pepper,  William.    April  1,  1868.    b.  Aug.  21, 1843. 

A.B.  1862,  M.D.  1864,  A.M.  1865,  Univ.  Pa.;  LL.D.  1881,  LaFayette 
Coll.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1865,  P.  1873-76 ;  Amer.  Pbilos. 
Soc.  Jan.  1870 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1871 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Aug. 
1867-Oct.  1876,  Biological  Sect.  1868-74,  Director;  Obstetrical  Soc. 
Philad.  1870-82 ;  Amer.  Neurological  Assoc.  1874;  Corres.  New  York 
Soc.  Neurology  and  Electrology,  1874 ;  Honorary,  N.  J.  Med.  Soc. 
1875;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872,  Chairman  Section  on  Med.  1886;  Med. 
Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Honorary,  Harrisburg  Pathological  Soc.  1881 ;  Amer. 
Acad.  Med.  1882 ;  Honorary,  Medico-Chirurgical  Faculty,  of  Maryland, 
1884 ;  Amer.  Climatological  Soc.  1885,  P. ;  Assoc.  Amer.  Phys.  1886. 
Visit.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1867-84;  Phys.  Lincoln  Instit.  1867-70 ;  Phys. 
Children's  Hosp.  1870-72;  Consult.  Phys.  St.  Christopher's  Hosp.  1886  ; 
Curator  Pa.  Hosp.  1866-70;  Curator  Philad.  Hosp.  1867-71;  P.  Foulke 
and  Long  Institute  for  Orphan  Girls,  1886.  Lecturer,  Morbid  Anat.  1868 
-70,  Clinical  Med.  1870-74,  Physical  Diagnosis  1871-73,  Prof.  Clinical 

Med.  1874-84,  Theory  and  Pract.  and  Clinical  Med.  1884 .,  Univ. 

Pa.;  Manager  Univ.  Hosp.  1874;  Med.  Director  Centennial  Internat. 
Exhibit.  1875-76;    Provost  Univ.  Pa.  1881- — . 

Perkins,  Francis  Moore.    Feb.  1884.    b.  June  6,  1851. 

A.B.  1872,  A.M.  1880,  Williams  Coll. ;  M.D.  1876,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Alumni  Soc.  Med.  Dept.  Univ.  Pa.  1876  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1879; 
Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1879 ;  Amer.  Acad.  Med.  1880 ;  Med.  Soc. 
State  Pa.  1883;  Med.  Jurisprudence  Soc.  Philad.  1885;  Union  League 
Philad.  1883 ;  Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  1884.  Eesid.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp. 
1876-78;  House  Surg.  Wills  Hosp.  1878-79;  Visit.  Phys.  1879-86, 
Consult.  Phys.  1886,  House  of  Eefuge ;  Visit.  Phys.  Charity  Hosp. 
1880-85;  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Surg.  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  1885;  Con- 
sult. Ophthalmic  Surg.  Hosp.  Good  Shepherd,  Eadnor,  Pa.,  1886. 

PiERSOL,  George  A,     May,  1883. 

M.D.  1877,  Univ.  Pa.  Assist.  Demonstrator  Normal  Histology, 
Univ.  Pa. 

Porter,  William  G.    Jan.  1872.    b.  April  25,  1846. 

M.D.  1868,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc,  Sec. ;  Obstetrical 
Soc.  Philad.;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1872 ;  Amer.  Surg.  Assoc. ;  Philad.  Acad.  Surg.  Attend.  Surg. 
Presbyterian  Hosp. ;  Surg,  Philad.  Hosp. ;  Consult.  Surg.  Educational 
Home;  Consult.  Surg.  Philad.  Dispensary. 


APPENDIX.  259 

Potter,  Thomas  C.    Dec.  1885. 
M.D.  1871,  Univ.  Pa. 

fEAND,  B.  Howard.     Oct.  1853.     res.  July  4,  1877.     d.  Feb.  14,  1883. 

M.D.  1848,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Jan. 
1851,  Rec.  Sec.  Dec.  1851,  Oct.  31. '65.;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1857; 
Franklin  Instit.  Pa. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1868.  Prof.  Chemistry  Philad. 
Med.  Coll.  1859 ;  Central  High  School  Philad.  1859 ;  Jefferson  Med. 
Coll.  1864-77. 

^Randolph,  Jacob.    Dec.  1838.    b.  Nov.  25,  1796.    d.  Feb.  29,  1848. 

M.D.  1817,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1815  ;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1847.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1833.  Surg.  Philad.  Hosp. 
1830  ;  Surg.  Pa.  Hosp.  1835-48.     Prof.  Clinical  Surg.  Univ.  Pa.  1848. 

*Randolph,  Nathaniel  Archer.    Jan.  1883.    b.  Nov.  7, 1858.    d.  Aug. 
21,  1887. 

M.D.  1882,  Univ.  Pa.  Assist.  Demonstrator  of  and  Lecturer  on 
Physiology,  Univ.  Pa.  1882-86.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  Philad.  1883 ; 
Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  July,  1884 ;  Philad.  Neurological  Soc.  1884 ;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1885.     Prof.  Hygiene  Univ.  Pa.  1886. 

*Ray,  Isaac.     July,  1868.     b.  Jan.  16,  1807.     d.  March  31,  1881. 

M.D.  1827,  Univ.  Harvard;  LL.D.  1879,  Brown  Univ.  Med.  Super- 
int.  State  Hosp.,  Augusta,  Me.  1841 ;  Superint.  Butler  Hosp.,  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  1845,  Jan.  '67,  Constit.  Memb.  Assoc.  Med.  Superinten- 
dants  of  Amer.  Instit.  for  the  Insane,  1844,  P.  1855-59 ;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1872  ;  Rhode  Island  State  Med.  Soc,  P. ;  Constit.  Social  Science 
Assoc.  Philad. ;  Board  of  Guardians  of  the  Poor,  Philad. 

*Redman,  John.     Jan.  1787.     b.  Feb.  27,  1722.     d.  March  19,  1808. 

M.D.  1748,  Leyden.  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1751-80.  Common  Council, 
Philad.  1751 ;  Trustee  Coll.  Philad.  1765.  Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc. 
Jan.  1768. 

*Redman,  Thomas.     July,  1791.     d,  Feb.  8,  1830,  set.  70. 

Reed,  Thomas  B.    April,  1866. 

M.D.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1877. 
Attend.  Surg.  Presbyterian  Hosp. 

tREED,  Thomas  S.     Nov.  1849.     res.  May,  1879. 

M.D.  1846,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc ;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1872. 


260  APPENDIX. 

Reese,  Johx  James.    Dec.  1842.    b.  June  16,  1818. 

A.B.  1836,  A.M.,  M.D.  1839,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc. 
March,  1841,  Treas.  1859  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1852  ;  Med.  Jurisprudence 
Soc.  Philad.  1835,  P.  1886-87 ;  Corres.  New  York  Medico-Legal  Soc. 
Act.  Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1861-63;  Phys.  St.  Joseph's  Hosp.  1864-84; 

Phys.  Philad.  Orphan  Asylum  1858 . ;  Prof.  Med.  Chemistry  Pa. 

Coll.  1854-59;  Prof.  Med.  Jurisprudence  and  Toxicology  Univ.  Pa. 
1865 . 

Reichert,  Edward  T.     Oct.  1855.     b.  Feb.  5,  1855. 

M.D.  1879,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Neurological  Soc.  1885  ;  Amer. 
Soc.  Physical  Research,  1885 ;  Amer.  Soc.  Naturalists,  1885;  Honorary, 
Newark  Med.  Assoc.  1886.  Demonstrator  Exi)erimeut.  Therapeutics 
1879-84,  Demon.  Experimental  Physiology  1884-86,  Prof.  Physiology 
1886,  Univ.  Pa. 

*REMiyGTOX,  Isaac.     March,  1850.     b.  Jan.  5,  1794.     d.  Nov.  10,  1862. 

M.D.  1824,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Northern  Med.  Assoc.  Philad. ;  Med. 
Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc,  P.  1860. 

Rex,  Oliver  P.     Oct.  1883.     b.  Jan.  18,  1840. 

M.D.  1867,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Resid.  Philad.  Hosp.  1867-69. 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad. 

*Rhoads,  Edward.     Jan.  1867.     b.  Sept.  29,  1841.     d.  Jan.  15,  1871. 

A.B.  1859,  Haverford  Coll. ;  M.D.  1863,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Philad. 
Hosp.  1863-64;  Pa.  Hosp.  1864-65.  Lecturer  Physical  Diagnosis  Univ. 
Pa.  1870.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.,  Treasurer  1864;  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  April,  1868  ;  Acad.  Nat.  So.  Philad.  May,  1868. 

f Rhoads,  James  E.     Jan.  1853.     res.  Jan.  4,  1882. 
M.D.  1851,  Univ.  Pa. 

*Richardson,  Elliot.     Oct.  1871.     b.  Dec.  3,  1842.     d.  May  9,  1887. 

M.D.  1867,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1869-81 ; 
Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1872;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872;  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc.  1881  ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1882  ;  Surg.  Out-patients  Pa. 
Hosp.  1872-82;  Gynecologist  Pa.  Hosp.  1882;  Accoucheur  Philad. 
Hosp.  1886.  Lecturer,  Pract.  Obstetrics  1877,  Demonstrator  Obstetrics 
1883,  Univ.  Pa. 

*RiCHARDSOX,  Joseph  G.    Jan.  1869.    b.  Jan.  10, 1836.     d.  Nov.  13, 1886. 
M.D.  1862,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Nov.  1868,  Re- 
corder Biolog.  and  Microscopic  Section  Dec.  1871-March,  '77 ;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1870 ;  Board  of  Health  Philad. ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. ; 


APPENDIX.  261 

Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Incorporator  Amer.  Soc.  for  Prevent.  Adulterat. 
of  Food,  March,  1885.     Prof.  Hygiene  Univ.  Pa. 

*KiTCHiE,  Thomas  H.     April,  1828.    b.  March  20, 1801.    d.  Sept.  16,  1836. 
M.D.  1822,  Univ.  Pa. 

IIROBERTS,  Jacob.     April,  1867.     ft.  Oct.  1879.     b.  March  21,  1836. 

M.D.  1862,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.;  Consult^ 
Phys.  Northern  Home  for  Friendless  Children  and  Soldiers'  Orphans ; 
Consult.  Phys.  House  of  Refuge ;  Surg.  Traction  R.R.  Co. 

Roberts,  John  B.    Oct.  1878.    b.  1852. 

A.B.  1871,  A.M.  1874,  Univ.  Pa. ;  M.D.  1874,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1876,  V.  P.  1882;  Mutual  Aid  Assoc. 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1881,  V.  P.  1882-83  ;  Philad.  Acad.  Surgery,  1879, 
Recorder  1880-82 ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1876,  V.  P.  1882 ;  Amer. 
Surg.  Assoc.  1882;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1880;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.; 
Philad.  Clinical  Soc.  1884,  P.  1886;  Amer.  Acad.  Med.;" Amer.  Pub. 
Health  Assoc.  1886.  Lect.  Philad.  School  Anat.  1878-82 ;  Prof.  Anat. 
and  Surg.  Philad.  Polyclinic  1882,  and  Sec.  Phys.  Jeff.  Coll.  Hosp. 
1877-78 ;  Surg.  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  1883  ;  Surg.  Out-wards  Pa.  Hosp.  1884; 
Surg.  Jewish  Hosj).  1887. 

Roberts,  A.  Sydney.     April,  1882.    b.  Dec.  19,  1855. 

M.D.  1877,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Pathological  Soc. 
Philad. ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  Resid.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1877-78,  Surg. 
1881-87;  Surg.  Out-patients  Episcopal  Hosp.  1878-80;  House  Surg. 
Orthopcedic  Hosp.  1881;  Orthopoed.  Surg.  Univ.  Hosp.  Instructor, 
Orthoposd.  Surg.  Univ.  Pa. 

*RoBiNETT,  G.  Herman.    April,'  1854.    d.  April  9,  1872. 

M.D.  1851,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  April,  1852. 

*RoDGERS,  John  R.  B.     April,  1787.  (Elected  Assoc.)  d.  Jan.  29,  1833. 

A.B.  1775,  Coll.  N.  J. ;  B.M.  1784,  Univ.  State  Pa.  ;  M.D.  Edinb. 
Attend.  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  Jan.  1787.  Prof.  Midwifery  and  Clini- 
cal Med.  Columbia  Coll.  N.  Y.,  also  in  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.  N.  Y.  1811; 
Health  Officer  Port  N.  Y.  1809  Memb.  Pa.  Prison  Soc.  Aug.  1787 ; 
Med.  Soc.  City  and  Co.  N.  Y.,  1807,  V.P.-P.  1818;  Med.  Soc.  State 
N.  Y.,  Censor  1811,  P.  1813 ;  New  York  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1819,  P. ;  on  the 
Pension  Roll  for  services  as  Surgeon  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  Memb. 
State  Soc.  Cincinnati  Pa. 

Rodman,  Lewis.     Nov.  1843.     b.  June  12,  1806. 

M.D.  1827,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847;  Philad. 
Med.  Soc.  April,  1849;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1850 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 


262  APPENDIX. 

Censor,  1859;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.     Consult.  Phys.  Preston  Retreat; 
Phys.  House  of  Refuge,  1838. 

*RoGERS,  Robert  E.  April,  1857.  b.  March  29,  1813.  d.  Sept.  6,  1884. 
M.D.  1836,  Univ.  Pa. ;  LL.D.  1883,  Dickinson  Coll.  Chemist  1st 
Geolog.  Survey  Pa.  1836-12 ;  Prof.  Chemistry,  Univ.  Va.  1842-52 ;  Univ. 
Pa.  1852-77 ;  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  May,  1877-July,  '84.  Memb.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Feb.  1837;  Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  1838-45;  again,  1852, 
Manager,  1857,  V.  P.  1858-75,  P.  1875-79 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1853 ; 
Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  July,  1855,  Council,  1877. 

*Ross,  Andrew.     Jan.  1787.    d.  1823. 

Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  July,  1791. 

*RUAX,  John.     April  1,  1823.     b.  June  19,  1771.     d.  July  2,  1845. 

A.B.  1790,  A.M.  Coll.  N.  J.;  M.D.  Edinb.  Hon.  Memb.  Philad. 
Med.  Soc.  1805. 

EUSCHENBERGER,  W.  S.  W.     April,  1838.     b.  Sept.  4,  1807. 

M.D.  1830,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1825 ;  Colum-. 
bian  Instit.,  Washington,  D.  C,  1830-31 ;  Corres.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 
May,  1832,  V.  P.  1869,  P.  1870-81,  Chairman  Trustees  Build.  Fund 

1867 .    Director  Botanical  Sect.  1876 .,  of  Biolog.  and  Microsc. 

Sect.  1871-77,  Conchological  Sect.  1869 .     Fellow  Coll.  Phys.  and 

Surgs.  Univ.  State  N.  Y.,  Feb.  1845;    Corres.  Amer.  Instit.  City  N.  Y., 
June,  1845 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Oct.  1849,  Council.  1872-84,  V.  P.  1885 

. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1850;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1854;  Philad.  Co. 

Med.  Soc.  April,  1853-60;  Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  1859 .;    Historical 

Soc.  Pa.  1865 . ;    Centennial  Med.  Commission,  V.  P.  1875-76 ;  In- 

ternat.  Med.  Congress,  1876;  Nat.  Convent.  Revis.  Pharmacopoeia  1870, 

and  1880 ;  Philad.  Social  Sc.  Assoc.  1871 .     Soc.  Alumni  Med.  Dept. 

Univ.  Pa.  V.  P. . ;  Corres.  Academia  Reale  Palermitana  di  Scienzi, 

Lettere  et  Belle  Arte,  Oct.  1881 ;  Pa.  Prison  Soc.  June,  1882 ;  Numismatic 

and  Antiquat.  Soc.  Philad.  Nov.  1885,  V.  P.  1886 . ;    Hortic.  Soc- 

Philad.  March,  1886 . ;  Comp.  Milit.  Order  Loyal  Legion  U.  S.  1886 

.     Surgeon's  Mate,  Aug.  1826,  Surg.  April,  1831,  Fleet  Surg.  1835, 

Medical  Director,  March,  1871,  U.  S.  Navy. 

fRusH,  Benjamin.     Jan.  1787.     b.  Dec.  24,  1745.     res.  Nov.  5,  1793.     d. 
April  19,  1813. 

A.B.  1760,  Coll.  N.  J. ;  M.D.  1768,  Edinb.  Prof  Chemistry  1769, 
Prof  Theory  and  Pract.  Med.  1879,  Coll.  Philad.;  Prof  Institutes  Med. 
and  Clinical  Pract.  1791,  and  in  addition  of  Physick  1796-1813.  Phys. 
Pa.  Hosp.  1783-1813;  Philad.  Dispens.  1786-1813;  Resid.  Port  Phys. 
1790-95;  Surgeon  Pennsylvania  Navy,  Sept.  27,  1775-Jaly  1,  '76  [The 


APPENDIX.  263 

pay  was  $16  a  montli.  See  Pa.  Archives] ;  Phys.  General  of  the  Military 
Hosp.  of  the  Middle  Dep.  American  Army,  1777-Jan.  30,  1778.  Memb. 
Continental  Congress,  July  20,  1776-Feb.  '77 ;  Pa.  Convention  for  the 
adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution,  1787 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Feb. 
1768,  Curator,  1770,  Sec.  1773-76,  V.  P.  1797-1800.  Treasurer  U.  S. 
Mint,  1799-1813. 

IIRuTTER,  David.     Jan.  1837. 
M.D.  1823,  Univ.  Pa. 

Sargent,  Fitzwilliam.    (N.  R.)     April,  1852. 

M.D.  1843,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1843-45.  Memb.  Philad. 
Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1841. 

Sargent,  Winthrop.     (N.  R.)    April,  1864.    July  8,  1822. 

A.B.  1842,  Dartmouth  Coll.;  M.D.  1847,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Mont- 
gomery Co.  Med.  Soc.  ex-P.,  ex-Sec.  1848 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1849 ; 
Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1856,  Sec;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Surg,  in 
charge  U.  S.  Army  Hosp.  1862;  Consult.  Phys.  Jewish  Hosp.  1874. 

*Say,  Benjamin.     Jan.  1787.    b.  1756.     d.  April  23,  1813. 

M.D.  1780,  Univ.  State  Pa.  Memb.  Pa.  Prison  Soc.  July,  1790 ;  P. 
Humane  Soc.  April,  1798.     M.  C.  1808. 

ScHAFFER,  Charles.    Oct.  1866.    b.  Feb.  4,  1838. 

M.D.  1859,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  March,  1861 ; 
Historical  Soc.  Pa.  1863 ;  Pa.  Horticultural  Soc.  1864;  Philad.  Co.  Med. 
Soc.  1877 ;  Amer.  Assoc.  Advanc.  Sc.  1880 ;  Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  1880. 
Attend.  Phys.  Bedford  St.  Mission  Hosp.  1874;  Attend.  Phys.  Mission 
Hosp.  and  Dispensary,  1875-80. 

ScHELi.,  Henry  Sayler.    Jan.  1870.    b.  June  1,  1835. 

A.B.  1853,  A.M.  1858,  Central  High  School,  Philad. ;    M.D.  1857, 

Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Union  League,  1862 . ;    Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 

1869;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1869;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1858-70; 

Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1878;    Amer.  Ophthalmological  Soc.  1877 .; 

Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1878.  Assist.  Surg.  1861-69  (Brevt.  Capt.  1863, 
brevt.  Major,  1864,  brevt.  Lt.-Col.  1865),  Med.  Inspector  Centre  Div. 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  1862,  Med.  Insp.  Dept.  of  the  South,  1863,  U.  S. 
Army ;  Surg.  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  1869-78;  Dispens.  Surg.  Episcopal  Hosp. 

1872-75 ;    Surg.  Children's  Hosp.  1877-1884 ;    Wills  Hosp.  1876 . ; 

Comp.  Milit.  Order  Loyal  Legion  U.  S.  1879 . 

*SoHOLFiELD,  Edwin.     July,  1865.     d.  1871. 

M.D.  1855,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1864. 


264  APPENDIX. 

SCHWEINITZ,  G.  E.  De.     Jan.  1887.    b.  Oct.  26,  1858. 

A.B.  1876,  M.A.  1886,  Moravian  Coll.  Pa.;  M.D.  1881,  Univ.  Pa. 
Memb.  Pathological  Sec.  Philad.  1883;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1884; 
Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1886;  Philad.  Neurological  Soc.  1886.  Assist. 
Surg.  Dispens.  Diseases  of  Eye,  Univ.  Hosp.  1882;  Prosect.  Anat. 
Univ.  Pa.  1883;  Surg.  Registrar  Univ.  Hosp.  1883-85;  Ophthalmic 
Surg.  Children's  Hosp.  1885 ;  Ophthalmologist,  Orthopcedic  Hosp.  1887. 

fSEYBERT,  Adam.    Nov.  1797.     res.  Aug.  11,  1818.     d.  May  2,  1825. 

M.D.  1793,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1797,  Sec. 
1798-1809,  Council,  1811 ;  Philad.  Chemical  Soc. ;  Philad.  Med.  Soc. 

Seyfert,  Theodore  F.    April,  1875. 

M.D.  1867,  Univ.  Pa.  Phys.  Gynecological  Hosp.  and  Infirmary  for 
Diseases  of  Children. 

Shaffner,  Charles.     June,  1884.    b.  March  14,  1846. 

A.B.  1867,  A.M.,  M.D.  1870,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc. 
Philad.  1870.  Assist.  Surg.  Eye  and  Ear  Dept.  Philad.  Dispensary 
1871-87. 

Shakespeare,  Edward  O.    April,  1877.    b.  May  19,  1846. 

A.B.  1867,  Dickenson  Coll.;  M.D.  1869,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Del.  Med. 
Soc;  Northern  Med.  Assoc;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Pathological  Soc. 
Philad. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1880.  Ophthalmologist,  Philad.  Hosp. ; 
Lecturer  on  Refraction  and  Accommodation  of  the  Eye,  and  Oph- 
thalmic Surgery,  Univ.  Pa. 

*Shallcross,  Morris  C.     June,  1846.     d.  Nov.  28,  1871,  set.  80. 

M.D.  1813,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  April,  1849. 

^Shapleigh,  Elisha  B.     April,  1868.    b.  Nov.  6,  1824. 

A.B.  1846,  Yale ;  M.D.  1849,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med. 
Soc.  July,  1853 ;  Northern  Med.  Assoc. ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. 
Surg,  to  Coroner,  Philad.  1862-74. 

Sharpless,  John  T.     March,  1837.     dropped  Jan.  1846.     d.  April  22, 
1883,  set.  82. 
M.D.  1822,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Board  of  Health  Philad.  1832. 

The  following  note,  dated  Jan  1st, — "John  T.  Sharpless' particular  respects 
to  the  Fellows  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  and  wishes  to  have  his  name  re- 
moved from  the  list  of  members  " — was  read  at  a  stated  meeting,  Jan.  6,  1846. 
After  some  discussion  it  was  "  unanimously  resolved,"  [14  Fellows  present] 
that  the  name  of  Dr.  John  T.  Sharpless  be  "  removed  from  the  list  of  Fellows." 
Trans.  Coll.  Phys.,  Philad.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  875,  1846.  His  recommendation  of  a 
method  of  treating  a  certain  nervous  affection  of  spinsters,  which  is  now  prac- 
tised, offended  the  ethical  sense  of  the  college  at  that  time. 


APPENDIX.  265 

*Sheppard,  Frederick  C.    April,  1882.    b.  1857.     d.  April  14,  1884. 

M.D.  1879,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Children's  Hosp.  1879;  Univ.  Hosp. 
1880.  Assist.  Gynecologist,  1882,  Univ.  Hosp.  Memb.  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc. ;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad. 

Shippex,  Edward.    Oct.  1876.    b.  June  18,  1826. 

A.B.  1845,  A.M.  1848,  Coll.  N.  J.;  M.D.  1848,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1864;  Historical  Soc.  Pa.;  International  Med.  Con- 
gress, 1876.  Assist.  Surg.  Aug.  1849,  Surg.  April,  1861,  Med.  Inspector, 
March,  1871,  Medical  Director,  March,  1876,  U.  S.  Navy. 

*Shippen,  William.     Jan.  1787.    b.  Oct.  21,  1736.     d.  July  11,  1808. 

A.B.  1754,  Coll.  N.  J.;  M.D.  1761,  Edinb.  Prof.  Ana't.  and  Surgery 
Coll.  Philad.  1765;  Prof.  Anat.  Surg,  and  Midwifery  Univ.  State  Pa. 
1780 ;  Prof.  Anat.  Univ.  Pa.  1791-1806.  Surg.  Pa.  Hosp.  1778-79, 1791 
-1802;  Chief  Phys.  of  the  flying  camp,  July,  1776;  Director  General 
of  all  the  Military  Hospitals  of  the  Armies  of  the  U.  S.  April,  1777,. 
Jan.  '81.  Consult.  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  Feb.  1786.  Memb.  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  Xov.  1767,  Curator  1771,  Sec.  1772;  Pa.  Prison  Soc.  May, 
1787. 

*SiLLiMAX,  Henry  R.     Jan.  1870.     d.  Jan.  1,  1883. 

M.D.  1855,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Acad.  Xat.  Sc.  Philad.  Jan.  1867-70. 

SiMES,  J.  Hexry  C.     Oct.  1880.     b.  March  7,  1844. 

Ph.G.  1864,  Philad.  Coll.  Pharmacy ;  M.D.  1870,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Pathological  Soc, Philad.,  V.  P.;  Philad.  Acad.  Surgery,  Sec;  Philad. 

Co.  Med.  Soc. .  Prof  Genito-Urinary  and  Venereal  Diseases,  Philad. 

Polyclinic.  Surg.  Episcopal  Hosp. ;  St.  Christopher's  Hosp.  for  Chil- 
dren. Lecturer,  Histology,  1877-82,  Demonstrator  Pathological  His- 
tology, 1878-82,  Univ.  Pa. 

SiMPSOX,  James.    April,  1873. 

3I.D.  1865,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.     Phys.  St.  Maiy's  Hosp. 

SiNKLER,  Whartox.     April,  1872.    b.  Aug.  7,  1845. 

M.D.  Univ.  Pa.  1868.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1868 ;  Ob- 
stetrical Soc.  Philad.  1870 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med. 
Soc.  1881 ;  Amer.  Neurological  Soc.  1881 ;  Philad.  Neurological  Soc. 
1885 ;  Assoc.  Amer.  Phys.  1886.  Attend.  Phj's.  Orthopoedic  Hosp.  and 
Infirmary  for  Nervous  Diseases,  1873.  A  Manager  of  Hosp.  Prot.  Episc. 
Church,  1887. 

*Skerrett,  David  C.    Dec.  1840.    d.  Jan.  27,  1873. 

M.D.  1820,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 


266  APPENDIX. 

*Slack,  J.  Hamilton.     July,  1863.     d.  Aug.  27,  1874. 

M.D.  1860,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  July,  1857. 
Fish  Commissioner  for  the  State  of  New  Jersey. 

*Slocum,  Alfred  M.     Jan.  1857.    b.  Dec.  2,  1822.     d.  June  21,  1882. 

M.D.  1847,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1858.  Resid.  Wills  Hosp.  1848;  Northern  Di^pens.  1848-54; 
Visit.  Phys.  Episcopal  Hosp. ;  House  of  Eefuge  1864-80. 

*Smith,  Albert  H.     April,  1863.    b.  July  19,  1835.     d.  Dec.  14,  1885. 

A.B.  1853,  M.D.  1856,  Univ.  Pa.  Phys.  Nurses'  Home  and  Lying-in 
Charity  ;  Woman's  Hosp.  Philad. ;  Phys.  House  of  Eefuge,  1864-70. 
Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1878 ;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.,  P. ;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc,  P. ;  Amer.  Gynecological  Assoc,  P. ;  Hon.  Memb. 
Gynecological  Assoc.  Great  Britain. 

Smith,  Axdrew  Kingsbury.  U.  S.  A.  (N.  R.)  Oct.  1863.  b.  Feb.  9, 1826. 
A.B.  1847,  A.M.  1868,  Williams  Coll. ;  M.D.  1849,  Jefferson  Med. 
Coll.,  1853,  N.  Y.  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Nov.  1862; 
Minnesota  Historical  Soc.  1868;  Internat.  Med.  Congr.  1887.  Resid. 
Surg.  Emigrant  Hosp.  N.  Y.,  April,  1851-Dec.  '52 ;  Assist.  Surg.  July, 
1853,  Surg.  1852,  U.  S.  A. ;  Surg.  St.  Joseph's  Hosp.  Santa  Fe,  N,  M., 
1873-74. 

Smith,  Edward  A.    (N.  R  )    July,  1864. 
M.D.  1832,  Univ.  Pa. 

*Smith,  Francis  G.     Jan.  1842.     b.  March  8,  1818.     d.  April  6,  1878. 

A.B  1837,  A.M.,  M.D.  1840,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec. 
1838 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Pathological  Soc  Philad. ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  Feb.  1849 ;  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.,  Reading ;  Med.  Soc.  State 
Pa. ;  Cal.  State  Med.  Soc. ;  Rocky  Mount.  Med.  Soc. ;  Burlington  Co. 
Med.  Soc.  N.  J. ;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.,  P.  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1849, 
V.  P.  1870;  Amer  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1852-Dec.  '76.  Prof.  Physiology 
Pa.  Med.  Coll.  1852-62  ? ;  Prof.  Institutes  Med.  Univ.  Pa.  1863-77.  Phya. 
Pa.  Hosp.  1859-64 ;  Episcopal  Hosp ;  Med.  Director  Nat.  Life  Ins.  Co. ; 
Act.  Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862-65. 

ISmith,  Henry  H.     Jan.  1842.     res.  Jan.  1861.     b.  Dec.  10,  1815. 

A.B.  1834,  A.M.;  M.D.  1837,  Univ.  Pa.;  LL.D.  1885,  Lafayette 
Coll.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  (Sec.)  1834;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1848, 
P.  1883;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc  April,  1852,  P.  1877-79;  Chairman 
Surg.  Sect.  1878 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1859-77  ;  P.  Sect,  on  Military 
and  Naval  Surg.,  and  Chairman  Execut.  Com.  9th  Internat.  Med.  Con- 
gress 1887.     Resid.  Surg.  Pa.  Hosp.  1837-38 ;  Surg.  St.  Joseph's  Hosp. 


APPENDIX.  267 

1849;  Episcopal  Hosp.  1850;  Philad.  Hosp.  1854-57  ;  Disp.  Univ.  Pa. 
1843-55.     Prof.  Surgery  Univ.  Pa.  1855-70,  Emeritus;  Surg.  Genl.  Pa. 
1861-62. 

*Smith,  E.  K.     (N.  R.)     April,  1856.     d.  Nov.  20,  1877,  set.  61. 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1852. 

Smith,  Robert  Meade.    Jan.  1884. 

M.D.  1876,  Univ.  Pa.     Prof.  Comparat.  Physiol.  Univ.  Pa. 

*Smith,  William  W.     Jan.  1787.     d.  Feb.  1793. 

M.D.  1780,  Univ.  State  Pa.     Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  July,  1787. 

*Smyth,  Francis  Garden.  April,  1870.  b.  Dec.  29,  1843.  d.  July  24, 1879. 
A.B.  1863,  A.M.,  M.D.  1866,  Univ.  Pa.    Phys.  2d  District  of  Guardi- 
ans of  the  Poor.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Nov.  1872 ;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1872 ;    Interuat.  Med.  Congress,  1876  ;    Philada.  Co.  Med. 
Soc.  1877  ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1877  ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1878. 

Spooner,  Edward  A.     Jan.  1864.     b.  Jan.  7,  1830. 

M.D.  1854,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.,  1866,  Univ.  Pa.  Obstetrician  Philad. 
Dispens.  1861-70.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1849 ;  Amer.  Sc.  Assoc. 
1850 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1860. 

Starr,  Louis.    April,  1875.    b.  April  25,  1849. 

A.B.1868,  Haverford  Coll.  ;  M.D.  1871,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Patholo- 
gical Soc.  Philad.  1871-80,  Sec.  1876-79.  Resid.  Phys.  Episcopal  Hosp. 
1871-73,  Assist.  Phys.  1874-76,  Visit.  Phys.  1876-85;  Assist.  Phys. 
Children's  Hosp.  1875-86,  Visit.  Phys.  1881 ;  Phys.  Southern  Home, 
1875-80.  Lecturer  on  Pharmacy,  1876,  on  Symptomatology,  1878-80, 
on  Diseases  of  Children,  1882-85,  Univ.  Pa.  Clinical  Prof.  Diseases  of 
Children  Univ.  Hosp.  1885. 

Stelwagon,  Henry  Weightman.     Jan.  1884.    b.  Dec.  3,  1853. 

B.Ph.  1872,  Andalusia  Coll. ;  M.D.,  Ph.D.  1875,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1880;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1880;  Philad. 
Clinical  Soc.  1881 ;  Amer.  Dermatological  Soc.  1882 ;  Northern 
Med.  Soc.  1884.  Resid.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  July,  1875-Sept.  1,  '76 ; 
Attend.  Phys.  Northern  Dispensary  1880-83 ;  Phys.  in  charge  Philad. 
Disp.  for  Skin  Diseases,  Jan.  18S1,  also,  in  Northern  Disp.  1881  ;  Attend. 
Phys.  Skin  Diseases,  Howard  Hosp.  1883 ;  Asst.  Dermatologist  Hosp. 
Univ.  Pa.  1884;  Instruct.  Dermatol.  Woman's  Med.  Coll.  1885. 

*Stewart,  Samuel.     July,  1814.     d.  Aug.  1824. 

M.D.  1808,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 


268  APPENDIX. 

Stille,  Alfred.    Dec.  1842.    b.  Oct.  13.  1813. 

A.M.  (Honorary)  Yale;  M.D.  1836,  Univ.  Pa.;  LL.D.  1859, 
Pennsylvania  Coll.  Lecturer,  Theory  and  Pract.  Med.  Philad.  Assoc, 
for  Med.  Instruction  184-1-50 ;  Prof.  Theory  and  Pract.  Med.  Pa.  Med. 
Coll.  1854-59 ;  in  Univ.  Pa.  1864-84.  Phys.  St.  Joseph's  Hosp.  1849- 
71 ;  Philad.  Hosp.  1865-71 ;  Satterlee  U.  S.  A.  Hosp.  1862-63.  Memb. 
Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1834 ;  Societe  Medicale  d'Observation,  Paris, 
1837 ;  Historical  Soc.  Pa. ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1859-63,  P.  ; 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Jan.  1849;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847,  Sec.  1847 
-51,  P.  1871 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  1852  (resigned) ;  Hon.  Memb.  Med. 
.  Soc.  R.  I.  1858;  Med.  Soc.  of  N.  Y.  1860;  Med.  Soc.  of  Cal.  1871. 
Corres.  Memb.  New  York  Acad.  Med. ;  Centennial  Med.  Commission, 
V.  P.  1875-76 ;  Internat.  Med.  Congress  1876,  P.  Section  on  Medicine ; 
Alumni  Soc.  Med.  Dept.  Univ.  Pa.  V.  P.  and  P. 

*Stille,  Moreton.     Dec.  1847.     b.  Oct.  22,  1822.     d.  Aug.  20,  1855. 

A.B.  1841,  M.D.  1844,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1848;  Volunteer 
Phys.  [Cholera]  Philad.  Hosp.  1849.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. 
April,  1853;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1853.  Lecturer  Theory  and  Pract. 
Med.  Philad.  Assoc,  for  Med.  Instruction  1855. 

*Stille,  Albert  Owex.    July,  1859.    b.  Juiie  29,  1827.    d.  June  23.  1862. 
A.B.  1848,  M  D.  1851,  Univ.  Pa.    Resid.  Philad.  Hosp.  1851 ;  Phys. 
Philad.  Dispensary.  1854;    Vaccine  Phys.  1855.     Memb.  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc.  Oct.  1855.     Surg.  23d  Reg.  Pa.  Volunt.  1862. 

Stocker,  Anthony  E.    Dec.  1846. 

M.D.  1840,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1840^2.  Memb.  Philad. 
Med.  Soc.  Jan.  1840;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc  Jan.  1849;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1852.  Visit.  Phys.  Pa.  Instit.  for  Istruct.  of  the  Blind  1844-59;. 
Brigade  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  Aug.  1861-Nov.  '65. 

Strawbridge,  George.    July,  1871.    b.  Oct.  20,  1844. 

A.B.  1862,  A.M.,  M.D.  1866,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ; 
Med.  Soc.  State  Pa. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872 ;  Internat.  Med.  Con- 
gress, 1876  ;  German  and  American  Ophthalmological  Soc. ;  Otological 
Soc. ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Feb.  1877.  Otological  Phys.  Univ.  Hosp. ; 
Ophthalmologist,  Presbyterian  Hosp. ;  Chief,  Eye  and  Ear  Dept. ;  Surg. 
Wills  Hosp. ;  Philad.  Dispens ;  Clinical  Prof.  Diseases  of  the  Ear, 
Univ.  Pa. 

*Stroud,  William  D.     Jan.  1855.    b.  1826.     d.  Sept.  25,  1883. 

A.B.  Haverford  Coll. ;  M.D.  1846,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co. 
Med.  Soc.  April,  1851 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 


APPENDIX.  269 

Stryker,  Samuel  S.     April,  1884.     b.  May  4,  1842. 

A.B.  1863,  A.M.  1866,  Coll.  N.  J. ;  M.D.  1866,  Univ.  Memb.  Patho- 
logical See.  Philad. ;  Obstetrical  See.  Philad. ;  West  Philad.  Med.  See. 
Obstetrician  Philad.  Hosp.  1876;  Manager  Univ.  Hosp.  1885. 

fTAGGART,  William  Hembel.     July,  1859.     res.  Jan.  6,  1869. 

M.D.  1852,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1853. 

*Taylor,  Lewis.     U.  S.  A.     Jan.  1865.     d.  Jan.  6, 1868. 

M.D.  1853,  Univ.  Pa.  Assist.  Surg.  March,  1857,  Surg.  Aug.  1863, 
U.  S.  Army,  Lt.  Col.  by  brevet. 

Taylor,  John  Madison.    June,  1886.    b.  July  4,  1855. 

A.B.  1876,  A.M.  1879,  Coll.  N.  J. ;  M.D.  1878,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1880 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1881 ;  Philad. 
Neurological  Soc.  1885.  Assist.  Phys.  Children's  Hosp.  1880 ;  Phys. 
Howard  Hosp.  1882. 

Taylor,  Robert  E.    Jan.  1867.    b.  Feb.  14,  1826. 

M.D.  1849,  Univ.  Pa.  Surg.  U.  S.  Volunteers  Oct.  1862-March,  '66  ; 
Phys.  Christ  Church  Hosp.  1878-82. 

Taylor,  William  L.    Dec.  1886.    b.  July  8,  1853. 

M.D.  1876,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1883;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Sec.  1886.    Demonstrator  Clinical  Gynecology,  Univ.  Pa.  1885. 

Thomas,  Charles  H.    Jan.  1867.    b.  Dec.  4,  1839. 

M.D.  1865,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. ;  Obstetrical 
Soc.  Philad.  Assist.  Phys.  Lying-in  Charity  1867-72,  Prof.  :\Iat.  Med. 
and  Therapeutics,  Woman's  INIed.  Coll.  Philad.  1867-76 ;  Surg,  and  Oph- 
thalmologist, Woman's  Hosp.  1867-76. 

*Thomas,  Robert  Pennell.  Jan.  1851.  b.  May  29, 1821.  d.  Feb.  3, 1864. 
M.D.  1847,  Univ.  Pa.  Demonstrat.  Anat.  Franklin  Med.  Coll.  1849; 
Prof.  Mat.  Med.  Philad.  Coll.  Pharmacy,  1850.  Consult.  Surg.  Philad. 
Hosp.  1855;  Consult.  Surg.  Northern  Dispens.  1857;  Att.  Surg.  Epis- 
copal Hosp.  1857  ;  Contr.  Surg,  in  charge  U.  S.  A.  Hosp.  1862.  Memb. 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc,  V.  P. ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.,  Treas. ;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1855. 

IIThomas,  Richard.     April,  1873.     ft.  July  3,  1878. 

Thomson,  William.    April,  1869.    b.  1833. 

M.D.  1855,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1865  ;  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  June,  1868  ;  Amer.  Ophthalmological  Soc.  1870  ;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1875 ;  International  Med.  Congress  1872-76-81 ;  Amer. 
Philos.   Soc.  June,  1880 ;  Military  Order  Loyal  Legion  U.  S.  1880 ; 


270  APPENDIX. 

Amer.  Surgical  Assoc.  1882;  Franklin  Instit.  Pa.  1882;  Pathological 
Soc.  Pliilad. ;  Amer.  Odontological  Soc. ;  Med.  Jurisprudence  See. 
Philad.;  Historical  Soc.  Pa.;  Fellow  Amer.  Assoc.  Advance.  Sc.  1855; 
New  York  Neurological  Soc. ;  New  York  Ophthalmological  Soc.  Assist. 
Surg.  U.  S.  Army  1861-68 ;  Pliys.  Episcopal  Hosp.  1868-70 ;  Church 
Home  for  Children  1868-70;  Wills  Hosp.  1872-77;  Surg.  Jeflerson 
Med.  Coll.  Hosp.  1877.  Lecturer  on  Eye  and  Ear,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
1873 ;  Honorary  Prof.  Ophthalmology  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1880.  Surgi- 
cal Expert  Pa.  R.  R.  Co.  1880. 

IITiEDEMAXN,  Heinrich.    July,  1852.    ft  April,  1880.    b.  Jan.  31,  1813. 
M.D.  1837,  Univ.  Wurtzburg,  Germany. 

TiLDEX,  W.  P.     (X.  R.)     Jan.  1854. 

IIToGXO,  Joseph.     Dec.  1830.     Removed  1837. 
M.D.  1829,  Univ.  Pa. 

fTowNSEXD,  Richard  H.    Feb.  1850.    res.  Oct.  3, 1877.    b.  Feb.  10, 1817. 

M.D.  1841,  Univ.  Pa.     Phys.  Charity  Hosp.,  Trustee .     Memb. 

Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1849  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1848. 

*TowNSEifD,  Ralph  Milbourne.    July,  1870.    d.  Dec.  12,  1877. 

A.B.  Central  High  School  Philadl;  M.D.  1866,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872. 

*Tuck:er,  David  H.     Dec.  1844.     b.  June  18, 1815.     d.  March  17, 1871. 

M.D.  1837,  Univ.  P.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Feb.  1842;  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1851 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847.  Prof  Obstetrics  Franklin 
Med.  Coll.  1846-48;  Prof  Theory  and  Pract.  Med.  Richmond  Med. 
Coll.  Va. 

*Tdft,  John  B.     March,  1850. 

M.D.  1828,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc,  Dec.  1839 ;  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  March,  1831-33;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1852. 

Turner,  Alexis  Paul.     (N.  R.)    July,  1870. 

M.D.  1862,  Univ.  Pa.     [Banker,  London,  England.] 

*TuRNPENNY,  Frederick.  March,  1839.  b.  Aug.  31,  1809.  d.  June  2. 1840. 
M.D.  1832,  Univ.  Pa. 

*TuTT,  Charles  Pendleton.  April,  1862.  b.  Nov.  2, 1832.  d.  May  11,1866. 

M.D.  1856,  Univ.  Pa.     Resid.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1856-57;  Phys. 

Philad.  Dispens.  1858-64;  Contract.  Surg.  U.  S.  Army  General  Hosp. 

Philad.  1862-65.     Demonstrator  Philad.  School  Anat. ;  Assist  to  Prof. 

Theory  and  Pract.  Med.  Univ.  Pa. 


APPENDIX.  271 

Tyson,  James.    April,  1866.    b.  Oct.  26,  1841. 

A.B.  1860,  A.M.  1864,  Haverford  Coll.  ;  M.D.  1863,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1863,  Recorder,  1869-77,  Y.  P.,  1871-82,  P. 
1882-84;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Aug.  1867-Oct.  77,  Recorder  Bio- 
logical and  Microscop.  Sect.  1868-72,  Vice  Director  1872-77 ;  Obstetri- 
cal Soc.  Philad.  July,  1869;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872;  Philad.  Co.  Med. 
Soc.  1874 ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1875 ;  Instit.  Assoc.  Amer.  Phys.  June, 
1886;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  May,  1887.  Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  A. 
1863-64.  Resid.  1863-64,  Microscopist  1866-70,  Pathologist  and  Curator 
1870-72,  Pa.  Hosp. ;  Visit.  Phys.  1872,  P.  Med.  Board  1886,  Philad. 
Hosp. ;  Phys.  in  charge  Dispens.  Univ.  Pa.  1866-71  ;  Phys.  in  St. 
Joseph's  Hosp.  1871-72 ;  a  Manager  of  the  Foulke  and  Long  Instit. 
for  Orphan  Girls.  Lecturer  on  Microscopy  1868,  on  Urinary  Chem- 
istry 1870,  on  Patholog.  Anat.  and  Histology  1874,  Prof.  1875,  Prof. 
General  Pathology  and  Morbid  Anat.  April,  1876,  Secretary,  Faculty 

of  Med.  1877,  Univ.  Pa. .     Prof.  Physiology  Pa.  Coll.  Dental  Surg. 

1870-78. 

fTYSON,  James  Lawrence.     (N.R.)    Oct.  1852.    res.  Dec.  1,  1886.    b. 
Nov.  19,  1813. 
M.D.  1838,  Univ.  Pa.     Prof.  Mat.  Med.  and  Therapeut.  Philad.  Coll. 
Med.  1854;  Surg.  Califor.  Hosp.  1849;  Surg.  Wills  Hosp.;  Phys.  Chest 
and  Throat  Diseases,  Howard  Hosp. 

Vandyke,  E.  B.    April,  1864. 
M.D.  1856,  Univ.  Pa. 

IIVandyke,  Frederick  A.  March,  1837.  ft.  1845.  d.  Nov.  18, 1867.  set.  70. 
M.D.  1810,  Univ.  Pa. 

IIVandyke,  Rush.    Feb.  1839.    ft.  April,  1844. 

M.D.  1835,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1831. 

Van  Harlingen,  Arthur.    Oct.  1873.    b.  Oct.  25,  1835. 

Ph. B.  1864,  Yale;  M.D.  1867,  Univ.  Pa.  Constit.  Dermatological 
Assoc.  1876.  Prof.  Dermatology  Philad.  Polyclinic  1883.  Dermatolo- 
gist, Howard  Hosp.  1884. 

Vinton,  Charles  Harrod.     (N.  R.)    May,  1883.    b.  Aug.  17.  1845. 

A.M.  1870,  Central  High  School  Philad. ;  M.D.  1868,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
Historical  Soc.  Pa.  1874 ;  Amer.  Acad.  Med.  1883. 

Walker,  James  B.     Feb.  1885.    b.  Dec.  15,  1846. 

M.D.  1872,  Ph.D.  1874,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1881 ; 
Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1883;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1884;  Philad.  Clinical 
Soc,  P. ;  Amer.  Climatological  Soc.  Sec.     Prof.  Pract.  Med.  Woman's 


^72  APPENDIX. 

Med.  Coll.  Pa. ;  Consult.  Phys.  Woman's  Hosp.     Resid.  Phys.  Philad. 
Hosp.  1872-73,  and  Visit.  Piij's.  1876. 

*Wallace,  Ellerslie.     Jan.  1852.     d.  March  9,  1885.      set.  65. 

M.D.  1843,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ; 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1858.  Resid.  1843-44,  Pa.  Hosp.  ;  Phys.  House  of 
Refuge  1847-52.  Demonstrator  Anat.  1846-62,  Prof.  Obstetrics  and 
Diseases  of  Women  and  Children  1862-83,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 

II  Wallace,  William  H.    April,  1873.    ft.  Oct.  1883.    b.  May  28,  1844. 
M.D.  1864,  Univ.  Pa.   Memb.  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad. ;  West  Philad. 
Med.  Soc. ;  Philad.  Neurological  Soc.  1886.     Visit.  Phys.  Jewish  Hosp. 
'  1868-72;  Phys.  West.  Philad.  Infants'  Home;  Phys.  in  Chief,  Insane 
Dept.  Philad.  Hosp.  1887. 

^Wallace,  Joshua  Maddox.   June,  1846.  b.  Jan.  1815.  d.  Nov.  10, 1852. 
A.B.  1833,  Coll.  N.  J. ;  M.D.  1836,  Univ.  Pa.    Resid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1836- 
38.    Assist.  Demonstrator  Anat.  Univ.  Pa.  1840;  Assist,  to  Prof.  Surg. 
Jefferson  Med.  Coll.    Lecturer  on  Surgery,  Philad.  Assoc,  for  Med.  In- 
struct. 1843-49. 

*Wareington,  Joseph.    Jan.  1839. 

M.D.  1828,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Feb.  1828;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1846 ;  Pa.  Prison  Soc.  Feb.  1849. 

^Waters,  Nicholas  B.    April,  1789. 

M.D.  1786,  Univ.  State  Pa.     Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  1791. 

Watson,  Edward  W.    March,  1886. 
M.D.  1865,  Univ.  Pa. 

Webb,  William  H.    Jan.  1875. 

M.D.  1866,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 

Welch,  William  M.    May,  1883.    b.  Sept.  12,  1837. 

M.D.  1859,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1865,  Treasurer 
1869-83,  P.  1883-84;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1870;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1872.  Phys.  Municipal  Hosp.  Contagious  and  Infectious  Diseases,  1870 ; 
Consult.  Phys.  Northern  Dispensary. 

*Wells,  W.  Lehman.     April,  1863.     d.  April  27, 1883. 

M.D.  1856,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1866 ;  Acad.  Nat. 
Sc.  Philad.  June,  1863. 

*West,  Francis.     Feb.  1839.     b.  March  5,  1810.     d.  Sept.  24,  1868. 

A.B.  1825,  Dickinson  Coll.;  M.D.  1832,  Univ.  Pa.  Phys.  Philad. 
Dispens. ;  Phys.  Christ.  Church.  Hosp.   1836 ;  City  Orphan  Asylum. 


APPENDIX.  273 

Memb.  PMlad.  Med.  Soc.  Jan.  1831 ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Jan.  1849  ; 
Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  Sec.  1846^7 ;  National  Con- 
vent, for  Revis.  Pharmacop.  1850;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1854.  Phys. 
Episcopal  Hosp.  Lecturer  on  Mat.  Med.  Philad.  Assoc,  for  Med.  In- 
struct. 

fWEST,  HiLBORN.     July,  1864.     res.  June  1,  1881. 

M.D.  1858,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Sept. 
1855.     Attend.  Phys.  Children's  Hosp.  1871. 

Whartok,  H.  E.     Oct.  18S4.     b.  May  23,  1853. 

A.  M.,  M.D.  1876,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Soc.  1881 ;  Patho- 
logical Soc.  Philad.  1882;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1885.  Surg.  Children's 
Hosp. ;  Assist.  Surg.  Univ.  Pa.  Hosp. ;  Attend.  Phys.  Pa.  Institution 
for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb.    Instructor  Clinical  Surg.  Univ.  Pa. 

Whelen,  Alfred.     Dec.  1883.     b.  June  9,  1854. 

M.D.  1874,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  Jan.  1876; 
Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1878;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1875,  Treasr. ; 
Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1875.  Asst.  Phys.  Philad.  Lying-in  Charity 
1875-85 ;  Phys.  Philad.  Dispens.  1875-80.  Assist.  Demonstrator  Anat. 
Univ.  Pa.  1879-81. 

White,  J.  William.    April,  1878.    b.  Nov.  2, 1850. 

M.D.,  Ph.D.  1871,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Philad. 
Acad.  Surgery ;  Amer.  Surg,  Assoc. ;  Assoc.  Genito-Urinary  Surgeons 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc. ;  Patholog.  Soc.  Philad.    Surg.  Philad.  Hosp.  1874 
Assist.  Surg.  Univ.  Hosp.  1879 ;  Surg.  Maternity  Hosp.  Philad.  1882 
Demonstrator  Surg.    1881,   Prof.   Physical    Education   1884,    Clinical 
Prof.  Genito-Urinary  Surg.  1886,  Univ.  Pa.     Inspector  Eastern    Peni- 
tentiary Pa.  1885. 

*WiCKES,  Simon  A.     Nov.  1833     d.  May  14,  1835. 

M.D.  1831,  Univ.  Pa.    Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Dec.  1828. 

fWlLCOCKS,  Alexander.     April,  1846.     res.  June  6,  1855.     b.  1817.     d. 
Nov.  10,  1880. 
M.D.  1844,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.     Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1851 ; 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  April,  1857 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1851 ;  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  April,  1864 ;  Historical  Soc.  Pa. 

WiLLARD,  De  Forest.     Jan.  1880.     b.  March  23,  1846. 

M.D.  1867,  Ph.D.  1870,  Univ.  Pa.  Act.  Assist.  Surg.  U.  S.  S.  C. 
1865.     Memb.  Acad.  Surgery ;  Amer.  Surg.  Assoc.  Philad. ;  Med.  Soc. 

18 


274  APPENDIX. 

State  Pa. ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc,  V.  P.  1885  ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. ; 
Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad. ;  Alumni  Soc.  Med.  Dept.  Univ.  Pa. ;  Alumni 
Soc.  Auxil.  Dept.  Univ.  Pa.  P.  1877 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.-  Sept. 
1873-Feb.  '77 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1880.  Lecturer  on  Orthopoedic 
Surg.  Univ.  Pa.  1877.  Surg.  Presbyterian  Hosp.  1881 ;  Howard  Hosp. 
1874-81 ;  Consult.  Surg.  Home  for  Crippled  Children. 

fWiLLiAMS,  Horace.    Jan.  1868.    res.  Jan.  4,  1882.     b.  Aug.  13,  1842. 

A.B.  1862,  Haverford  Coll. ;  M.D.  1865,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Obstetrical 
Soc.  Philad. ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Consult.  Accoucheur  Maternity 
Hosp.  Philad.  1885. 

Williamson,  Jesse.    (N.  R.)    April,  1878. 
M.D.  1873,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 

Wilson,  Ellwood.    July,  1851. 

M.D.  1845,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Consult.  Phys.  Philad.  Lying-in 
Charity;  Visit.  Phys.  Preston  Retreat.  Trustee  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1855. 

Wilson,  James  Cornelius.    Jan.  1874.    b.  March  25,  1847. 

A.B.  1867,  A.M.  1870,  Coll.  N.  J. ;  M.D.  1869,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  Philad.  1869,  P.  1885,  '86;  Obstetrical  Soc. 
Philad.;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1876;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872;  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1885 ;  Assoc.  Amer.  Phys.  and  Pathologists  1886 ; 
Philad.  Neurological  Soc.  1886.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1876;  Jefferson 
Coll.  Hosp.  ab  origine. 

Wilson,  H.  Augustus.    Oct.  1881.    b.  Sept.  4, 1853. 

M.D.  1879,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1880, 
Sec.  1882-83  ;  Amer.  Med,  Assoc.  1881.  Lecturer,  Philad.  School  Anat.; 
Prof.  Mechanical  Surg.  Philad.  Polyclinic,  1885.  Pathologist  Presby- 
terian Hosp.  1881 ;  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Surg.  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  1879. 

*WiLSON,  William  B.    Oct.  1849.    b.  1820.    d.  May  7,  1851. 

A  M.  1839,  Emmetsburg,  Md. ;  M.D.  1843,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Philad. 
Hosp.  1843 ;  Phys.  City  Hosp.  1849;  Wills  Hosp.  1849.  Memb.  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc.  1849. 

tWiLTBANK,  John.     June,  1843.     res.  June  4,  1856.     d.  Sept.  11,1860. 

A.B.  1822,  M.D.  1825,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Feb.  1825 ; 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1849.  Prof.  Obstetrics 
and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Pa.  Coll.  1843-54.  Consult.  Ob- 
stetrician, Philad.  Hosp. ;  Phys.  House  of  Refuge  1829-31. 


APPENDIX.  275 

WiEGMAN,  Charles.    June,  1884. 

M.D.  1877,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 

*WiSTAR,  Caspar,  Jr.  April,  1787.  b.  Sept.  13,  1761.  d.  Jan.  22,  1818. 
M.'B.,  1782,  Univ.  State  Pa ;  M.D.  1786,  Edinb.  Attend.  Phys.  Philad. 
Dispens.  Feb.  1786;  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1793-1810.  Prof.  Chemistry 
Coll.  Philad.  1789;  Prof.  Anat.  Univ.  Pa.  1808-18.  Memb.  Philad. 
Med.  Soc. ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  July,  1787,  Curator  1792-94,  V.  P.  1795 
-1814,  P.  Jan.  1815-Jan.  '18 ;  Pa.  Prison  Soc.  Aug.  1787. ;  Society  for 
the  Promotion  of  the  Abolition  of  Slavery,  P. 

fWiSTAR,  Caspar.  April,  1842.   res.  Jan.  5, 1853.   b.  1801.   d.  April  4, 1867. 
M.D.  1824,  Univ.  Pa.     Eesid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1824-26. 

fWiSTAR,  Thomas.     Jan.  1871.     res.  Dec.  1,  1886.     b.  1840. 

A.M.  1861,  M.D.  1863,  Univ.  Pa.  Contract.  Surg.  U.S.A.  1865; 
Manager  and  Sec.  Philad.  Dispens.  1865-67 ;  Phys.  Indigent  Wid.  and 

Single  Women's  Asylum  1867 .     Chief  Med.  Examiner,  Provident 

Life  and  Trust  Co.  1865 .     Memb.  Union  League,  Philad. 

WiSTER,  Caspar.    Jan.  1848.    b.  Sept.  18,  1818. 

M.D.   1846,  Univ.  Pa..     Phys.  Widows'  Asylum,  1848;  Shelter  for 

Colored  Orphans  1849  ;    Manager  House  of  Refuge  1848 . ;    Act. 

Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  A.  1862.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  June,  1851; 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1852,  Treas.  185^1— June,  '77;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan. 
1859;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc  April,  1853;  Treas.  International  Med. 

Congress,  1876.     P.  Inspectors  Philad.  Co.  Prison  1880 . ;  Trustee 

and  Director  Philad.  Library  Company  1868 . ;  Director  Mutual 

Insurance  Co.  1878 . ;  Director  Philad.  Saving  Fund  1880 . 

WiSTER,  Owen  Jones.    April,  1852.    b.  Oct.  5,  1825. 

M.D.  1847,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Jan.  1853; 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  June,  1859 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1866 ; 
Historical  Soc.  Pa.  1880;  Soc.  to  Restrict.  Vivisection  1884,  V.  P. 
Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  Navy  March,  1848-July,  1852 ;  Consult.  Phys.  Jewish 
Hosp.  1880. 

*Wollens,  Joseph.     July,  1814.     d.  April  7,  1817,  aet.  34. 

M.D.  1808,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1806,  Corres. 
Sec.  1813.  Orator  1814 ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  June,  1815.  Phys.  Philad. 
Dispens.  1814. 

*W00D,  George  B.     April,  1827.    b.  March  3,  1797.     d.  March  30,  1879. 

A.B.  1815,  M.D.  1818,  Univ.  Pa.     Attend.  Phys.  Pa.  Instit.  for  Deaf 

and    Dumb  1822-44.     Prof.  Chemistry  1822-31;   Mat.  Med.  1831-35 

Philad.  Coll.  Pharmacy  ;  Prof.  Mat.  Med.  and  Pharmacyl835-50,  Theory 

and  Pract.  Med.  1850-60  Univ.  Pa.   Trustee  Girard  Coll.  1833-41.  Phya. 


276  APPENDIX. 

Pa.  Hosp.  1835-59.  Meuib.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Jan.  1817 ;  Acad.  Nat. 
Sc.  Philad.  1819 ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  July,  1829,  P.  Jan.  1859-79;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1847,  P.  1855-56.  National  Convent,  for  Revis.  Pharma- 
copceia,  P.  1850  and  18G0.     Trustee  Univ.  Pa. 

Wood,  Horatio  C,  Jr.    April,  1865.    b.  Jan.  13,  1841. 

M.D.  1862,  Univ.  Pa. ;  LL.D.  1884,  Lafayette  Coll.  Memb.  Philad. 
Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  June,  1864,  Record.  Sec.  Oct. 
1865-Feb.  '67;  Lyceum  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1872; 
Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1866;  National  Acad,  of  Science;  Acad.  Arts 
andSc. ;  Nat.  Convent.  Revis.  Pharmacopoeia  1880 ;  Socit^ted' Hygiene, 
Paris;  Amer.  I  Sei  Kwai  (Tokio).     Prof.  Botany  1866-76;  Mat.  Med. 

and  Therapeutics  1876 .,  Univ.  Pa. ;  Prof.  Nervous  Diseases,  Univ. 

Hosp.  1875 .  ;  Visit.  Phys.  and  Neurologist  1870 .  Philad.  Hosp. 

Incorporator  Amer.  Soc.  for  Prevent.  Adulterat.  of  Foods,  1835. 

Woodbury,  Frank.    April,  1880.    b.  Dec.  23,  1848. 

M.D.  1873,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1875 ; 
Med.  Soc.  State  Pa  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1877  ;  Pathological  Soc.  Philad. 
Mutual  Aid  Assoc. ;  Ninth  International  Med.  Congr.  Section  Mat.  Med. 
and  Therapeutics,  Sec.  Resid.  Phys.  Pa.  Hosp.  1873-74;  Attend.  Phys. 
German  Hosp.  Philad.  1879-86  ;  Medico-Chirurgical  Hosp.  1885.  Prof. 
Therapeutics,  Mat.  Med.,  and  Clinical  Med.,  Medico-Chirurgical  Coll. 
Philad.  1885. 

Woods,  D.  F.    Oct.  1866. 

A.B.  Dickinson  Coll. ;  M.D.  1864,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Pathological 
Soc.  Philad.  ;  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc.  Resid.  Philad.  Hosp.;  Dispens. 
Staff  Episcopal  Hosp. ;  Phys.  Presbyterian  Hosp. 

WORMLEY,  Theodore  G.     Jan.  1878.     b.  April  1,  1826. 

M.D.  1849,  Philad.  Med.  Coll. ;  Ph.D.  1870,  Dickinson  Coll. ;  LL.D. 
Prof.  Chemistry  and  Toxicology,  Sterling  Med.  Coll. ;  Prof  Chemistry 
and  Toxicology  Univ.  Pa.  1877 .  Incorporator  Amer.  Soc.  for  Pre- 
vent. Adulteration  of  Foods,  1885. 

WuRTS,  Charles  Stewart.    Oct.  1860. 
M.D.  1854,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll 

*Yardley,  Thomas  H.     Jan.  1852.     d.  Jan.  4,  1860. 

M.D.  1825,  Univ.  Pa.     Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847. 

Yarrow,  Thomas  J.    Oct.  1868.    b.  Feb.  13,  1840. 

M.D.  1861,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Med.  Soc. 
State  Pa,;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad. ;  Phys.  St.  Mary's  Hosp.  1878. 


APPENDIX.  277 

Zantzinger,  William  S.     (N.  R.)  Nov.  1840. 

M.D.  1828,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  March,  1835  ;  Acad. 
Nat.  So.  Philad.  Oct.  1840,  Record.  Sec.  Dec.  1841-Dec.  '46,  Librar. 
Dec.  1846-July,  '56. 

Jan.  31,  1887,  Resident  Fellows,  204;  N.  R.,  29. 


ASSOCIATE   FELLOWS. — AMERICA]^. 

Arnold,  Richard  Dennis,  Savannah,  Ga.    1846.    b.  Aug.  8, 1808.   d.  July 
10,  1876. 

A.B.  Coll.  N.  J. ;  M.D.  1830,  Univ.  Pa.  Resid.  Philad.  Hosp.  1830-32  ; 
Phys.  Savannah  Poor  House  and  Hosid.  1835-65.  Memb.  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1846^7,  V.  P.  1851-52 ;  Constit.  Ga.  State  Med.  Assoc.  1849,  P. 
1851  ;  Savannah  Med.  Soc.  Prof.  Theory  and  Pract.  Med.  Savannah 
Med.  Coll.  1850.     Mayor  of  Savannah  1843,  1851,  1859,  1863-65. 

*Atlee,  John  Light.  Lancaster,  Pa.  1847.  b.  Nov.  2, 1799.  d.  Oct.  1, 1885. 
M.D.  1820,  Univ.  Pa. ;  LL.D.  Franklin  and  Marshall  Coll.  Prof. 
Anat.  and  Surg.  Franklin  and  Marshall  Coll.,  Trustee  of.  Memb. 
Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1817;  Constit.  Lancaster  Co.  Med.  Soc.  P. 
1844 ;  Constit.  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1848,  P.  1857 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1847,  V.  P.  1868,  P.  1882-83 ;  Honorary,  Gynecological  Soc.  Boston, 
Mass.,  1877.  Director  of  School  Board  of  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.,  40  years  ; 
V.  P.  and  P.  Alumni  Soc.  Med.  Dept.  Univ.  Pa. 

*Baldwin,  William  Owen.    Montgomery,  Ala.    April,  1876.     b.  Aug.  9, 
1818.     d.  May  30,  1886. 

M.D.  1837,  Transylvania  Univ.  Memb.  Med.  Assoc.  State  Alabama, 
P. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1868,  P.  1869. 

'*Bard,  Samuel.     New  York.     1811.     b.  April  1,  1742.     d.  May  25,  1821. 
M.D.  1765,  Edinb. ;  LL.D.  1816,  Coll.  N.  J.     Prof.  Theory  and  Pract. 
Med.  King's  Coll.  N.  Y.  1768;    Columbia  Coll.  1792;    Coll.  Phys.  and 
Surgs.  N.  Y.  P.  1811.     Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  March,  1767. 

Barker,  Fordyce.    New  York.     April,  1876.    b.  May  2,  1819. 

A.B.  1837,  A.M.  1840,  Bowdoin  Coll.;  M.D.  1841,  Columbia  Coll. 
LL.D.  1876,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1884,  Univ.  Edinb.  Prof  Midwifery  and 
Diseases  of  Women,  Bowdoin  Coll.  1846;  in  New  York  Med.  Coll. 
1850;  in  Bellevue  Hosp.  Med.  Coll.  N.  Y.  1861.  Memb.  Med.  Soc. 
State  of  New  York,  P.  1858;  Amer.  Gynecological  Soc,  P.  1876-77; 
New  York  Acad.  Med.,  P.  1878-84;  Hon.  Fell.  Obstetrical  Soc.  Edin- 
burgh 1869 ;  Hon.  Fell.  Obstetrical  Soc.  London  1872;  Hon.  Fell.  British 


278  APPENDIX. 

Obstetrical  Soc.  18S4 ;  Hon.  Fell.  Massachusetts  Med.  Soc,  and  of 
Connecticut  Med.  Soc.  Obstet.  Phys.  1854-75,  then  Consult.  Phys. 
Bellevue  Hosp.  Surg.  Woman's  Hosp.  State  of  New  York,  now  Con- 
sult. Phys.  and  Pres.  of  its  Med.  Board;  Consult.  Phj's.  Maternity 
Hosp.,  and  Children's  Hosp. 

*Beck,  Theodore  R.    Albany,  X.  Y.    1839. 
*Bekedict,  N.  D.     Florida.     1845. 

BiGELOW,  Hexry  J.     Boston,  Mass.     April,  1876. 

A.B.  1837,  M.D.  1841.  Memb.  Boston  Med.  Assoc. ;  Boston  Soc.  Med. 
Improvement;  Suffolk  Dist.  Med.  Soc.  Councillor;  Mass.  Med.  Soc. 
1844;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1849.  Prof  Surgery  Harvard  Univ.  Visit. 
Surg.  Mass.  General  Hosp. ;  Boylston  Med.  Committee. 

*BiGELOW,  Jacob.     Boston,  Mass.    May,  1821.     b.  Feb.  27,  1787.     d.  Jan. 
10,  1879. 

A.B.  1806;  Univ.  Harvard;  M.D.  1810,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad. 
Med.  Soc.  Nov.  1809 ;  Boston  Soc.  for  Med.  Improvement;  Amer.  Acad. 
Arts  and  Sc.  1812,  P.  May,  1846  and  May,  '63 ;  Boston  Med.  Assoc ;  Mass. 
Med.  Soc.  1813 ;  Mass.  Med.  Benevolent  Soc.  P. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1849.  Phys.  Mass.  General  Hosp.  Lecturer,  Botany  and  Mat.  Med. 
1815,  Prof  1817-35  Univ.  Harvard;  Bumford  Prof  1816. 

Billings,  John  Shaw.    U.  S.  Army.    April,  1876.    b.  April  12,  1837. 

A.B.  1857,  A.M.  1860,  Miami  Univ. ;  M.D.  1860,  Med.  Coll.  Ohio ;  LL.D. 
1884,  Univ.  Edinb.,  1886,  Harvard  Univ.  Memb.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 
Nov.  1862 ;  Philos.  Soc.  Washington,  D.  C,  P. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1880;  Amer.  Pub.  Health  Assoc,  P.  1880 ;  Amer.  Social  Sc.  Assoc.  1882 ; 
Amer.  Acad.  Med.  1883 ;  Amer.  Assoc.  Advance.  Sc.  1883 ;  National 
Acad.  Sc.  1883 ;  Amer.  Statistical  Assoc.  1884;  Amer.  Surg.  Assoc.  1886 ; 
Assoc.  Amer.  Phys.  1886;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  1887 ;  Honorary,  Med. 
Soc.  Co.  N.  Y.  1879;  Med.  Soc.  State  N.  Y.  1880;  Med.  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  Md.;  Med.  Soc.  London,  1881;  Clinical  Soc.  London,  1881; 
Soc.  Med.  Officers  of  Health,  London,  1881 ;  Societe  Frangaise  Hygiene, 
Paris,  1882;  Med.  Soc.  Sweden,  1882;  Medico-Chirurgical  Soc.  St. 
Louis,  Mo. ;  New  Hamjishire  Med.  Soc.  1883  ;  Statistical  Soc.  London 
1883;  Connecticut  Med.  Soc.  1883;  Physicalisch  Medicinische  Gesell- 
schaft,  Wiirzburg  1885 ;  Gynecological  Soc.  Boston,  1885 ;  Sociedad 
Union  Fernandina,  Lima,  Peru  1886  ;  British  Med.  Assoc.  1886.  Surg, 
and  Bvt.  Lt.  Col.  U.  S.  Army ;  Curator  Army  Med.  Museum  and  Li- 
brary. Lecturer  on  Hygiene,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  and  Columbia  Coll. 
N.  Y. 

Bowditch,  Henry  I.     Boston,  Mass.     April,  1876. 


APPENDIX.  279 

BowDiTCH,  Henry  Pickering.      Jamaica  Plain,  W.  Roxbury,  Boston, 
Mass.     Jan.  1887.     b.  April  4,  1840. 

A.B.  1861,  M.D.  1868,  Univ.  Harvard.  Assist.  Prof.  Physiology  1871, 
Prof.  1876,  Univ.  Harvard.  Memb.  Amer.  Acad.  Arts,  and  Sc.  May, 
1872.     Boston  School  Com.  Jan.  1877  to  Sept.  '81. 

Byford,  William  Heath.  Chicago,  111.  Jan.  1877.  b.  March  20,  1817. 
M.D.  1844,  Ohio  Med.  Coll. ;  A.M.  1860,  Honorary,  Asbury  Univ. 
Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1856 ;  Amer.  Gynecological  Soc.  1876,  P. 
1880-81 ;  Illinois  State  Med.  Soc. ;  Chicago  Med.  Soc. ;  Chicago  Gyne- 
cological Soc.  Member  of  Med.  Staff,  Mercy  Hosp.  1857-80  ;  Woman's 
Hosp.  1880 . 

Chaille,  Stanford  Emerson.     New  Orleans,  La.     Jan.  1877.     b.  July 
9,  1830. 

A.B.  1851,  A.M.  1853,  Univ.  Harvard ;  M.D.  1853,  Univ.  La.,  and  1884, 
Tulane  Univ.  La.  Demonstrator  Anat.  1858-67,  Lecturer  on  Obstetrics 
1865-66,  Prof.  Obstetrics  1875,  Prof.  Physiology  and  Pathological  Anat. 

1867 .  Univ.  La. ;  Prof.  Physiol,  and  Hygiene  1885,  Dean  Med.  Dept. 

1885  Tulane  Univ.  La.  Memb.  Orleans  Par.  Med.  Soc.  1877;  La.  State 
Med  Soc.  1877 ;  Honorary,  New  Orleans  Med.  and  Surg.  Assoc. ;  Amer, 

Med.  Assoc.  1869 ;  Amer.  Pub.  Health  Assoc.  1874 . ;  Honorary,  Royal 

Acad.  Med.  Havana,  Cuba  ;  New  Orleans  Auxil.  Sanitary  Assoc. ;  La. 
Educational  Assoc. ;  Deleg.  Internat.  Med.  Congress  Philad.  1876 ; 
Havana  Yel.  Fev.  Com-inis.  of  National  Board  of  Health  1879  P. ; 
Supervis.  Inspector  for  National  Board  of  Health  1881-82.  Memb. 
National  Board  of  Health,  1885.  Resid.  New  Orleans  Charity  Hosp.  1851- 
53;  Resid.  Phys.  U.  S.  Marine  Hosp.  New  Orleans,  1853-54;  Resid. 
Phys.  Circus  St.  Infirmary,  1854-60;  Act.  Surg.  Genl.  La.  1861-62; 
Surg.  Confed.  Army  1862-65,  Med.  Insp.  Army  of  Tenn.  1862-63,  Surg, 
in  charge  Hospitals  1864-65. 

Cheever,  David  Williams.  Boston,  Mass.  Jan.  1887.  b.  Nov.  30, 1831. 
A.B.  1852,  M.D.  1858,  Univ.  Harvard.  Demonstrator  Anat.  I860, 
Assist.  Prof,  Anat.  1866,  Adjunct.  Prof.  Clinical  Surg.  1868,  Prof. 
Clinical  Surg.  1877,  Prof.  Surg.  1882,  Univ.  Harvard.  Memb,  Massa- 
chusetts Med.  Soc.  1858;  Boston  Soc.  Med.  Observation,  1859;  Amer, 
Surg.  Assoc.  1882;  Surg.  Boston  Dispeus.  1863-68;  Boston  City  Hosp. 
1864 . 

Clark,  Alonzo.     New  York.     April,  1876. 

A.B.  1828,  Williams  Coll. ;  M.D.  1835,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.  N.  Y. 
Prof.  Physiology  and  Pathol.  1848-55,  Path,  and  Practical  Med.  1855 

.,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg,  N.  Y.     Phys.  Bellevue  Hosp.  P.  Med. 

Board  and  Consult,   Phys.    St.   Luke's   Hosp.   1861 ;   Consult.  Phys, 


280  APPENDIX, 

Northern  Dispens.  and  Northeastern  Dispens.  Memb.  N.  Y.  State 
Med.  Soc.  P.  1853 ;  N.  Y.  Med.  and  Surg.  Soc. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1847;  N.  Y.  Pathological  Soc;  N.  Y.  Acad.  Medicine;  N.  Y.  Soc.  for 
Relief  of  Widows  and  Orphans  of  Med.  Men. 

COMEGYS,  Cornelius  George.  Cincinnati,  0.  April,  1876.  b.  July  23, 1816. 
M.D.  1848,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Cincinnati  Med.  Chirurgical  Soc.  1848 ; 
Acad.  Med.  1872,  P. ;  Cincinnati  Med.  Soc.  1875,  P. ;  Hamilton  Co. 
Med.  Soc.  1887,  P. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1859 ;  Cincinnati  Literary  Soc. 
1868,  P.;  Honorary,  Cleveland  Historical  Soc.  1869;  Trinity  His- 
torical Soc,  Texas,  1887;  Board  Directors,  McMicken  and  Univ.  of 
Cincinnati,  1859-87.  Prof.  Institutes  Med.,  Miami  Med.  Coll.  1852-87 ; 
Prof.  Institutes  and  Clinical  Med.  Med.  Coll.  Ohio,  1857-60  and  1863- 
67.     Clinical  Lecturer,  Cincinnati  Hosp.  1857,  P.  Med.  Staff . 

Corson,  Hiram.    Conshohocken,  Pa.     April,  1876.     b.  Oct.  8,  1804. 

M.D.  1828,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Feb.  1828 ;  Mont- 
gomery Co.  Med.  Soc.  1847,  P.  1849 ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  1847,  P.  1852- 
53 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847 ;  Corres.  Meigs  and  Mason  Acad.  Med. 
Middleport,  0. 1873 ;  Associate,  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1874;  Honorary, 
Pathological  Soc.  Harrisburg,  1881 ;  Alumni  Soc.  Med.  Dept.  Univ.  Pa. 
1879 ;  Historical  Soc.  Pa.  1884.  Trustee  State  Lunatic  Hosp.  Harris- 
burg, 1877-84. 

Davis,  Nathan  Smith.    Chicago,  Ills.    April,  1876.     b.  Jan.  9, 1817. 

M.D.  1837,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.  Western  District  N.  Y. ;  A.M.  1871, 
North  Western  Univ. ;  LL.D.  1878,  Illinois  Wesleyan  Univ.  Memb. 
New  York  State  Med.  Soc.  1842  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1846^7,  P.  1864- 
66 ;  Illinois  State  Med.  Soc.  1850,  P.  1855 ;  Chicago  Med.  Soc.  1850, 
Sec.  P. ;  Chicago  Acad.  Sc.  1857  ;  Illinois  State  Microscop.  Soc.  1869, 
Corres.  Sec. ;  New  York  Acad.  Med.  1868  ;  Amer.  Pub.  Health  Assoc. 
1877 ;   Honorary,  British  Med.  Assoc.  1886  ;    Ninth  International  Med. 

Congr.  P.  1887.     Phys.  Mercy  Hosp.  1850 .     Prof.  Principles  and 

Pract.  and  Clinical  Med.  Chicago  Med.  Coll.  1859 .     Lecturer  Med. 

Jurisprudence,  Union  Coll.  of  Law   1873 .      Memb.   Washington 

Home  Assoc,  for  Treat.  Inebriates  1864 .     Trustee  of  Northwestern 

Univ.  1883 . 

Donaldson,  Frank.    Baltimore,  Md.     April,  1876.     b.  July  23,  1823. 

M.D.  1846,  Univ.  Md.  Phys.  Quarantine  Hosp.  Baltimore,  1847-49; 
Baltimore  Almshouse  Hosp.  1852-55  ;  Church  Home  and  Infirmary 
1860-73 ;  Univ.  of  Maryland  Hosp.  1866-87.  Memb.  Constit.  Amer. 
Laryngological  Assoc. ;  Climatological  Assoc,  P. ;  Constit.  Assoc.  Amer. 
Physicians ;  Med.  and  Chirurg.  Faculty  of  Maryland,  P.  ;  Baltimore 
Acad.  Med. ;  Baltimore  Clinical  Soc.     Prof.  Physiol,  and  Hygiene  1866 


APPENDIX.  281 

-80,  Clinical  Prof.  Dis.  of  Throat  and  Chest,  1866-87,  Univ.  Md. . 

Med.  Examiner  and  Referee,  Mutual  Life  Ins.  Co.  N.  Y. 

*Dkake,  Daniel.  Cincinnati,  O.  Dec.  1830.  b.  Oct.  20, 1785.  d.  Nov.  5, 1852. 
M.D.  1816,  Univ.  Pa.  Prof  Mat.  Med.  Transylvania  Univ.  1817-18, 
1823-27 ;  Prof  Instits.  and  Pract.  Med.  and  of  Obstetrics  Med.  Coll.  of 
Ohio  1820-22 ;  Prof.  Instits.  and  Pract.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1830-31 ; 
in  Med.  Dept.  Cincinnati  Coll.  1835-39 ;  Prof.  Pathol.  Anat.  and  Clini- 
cal Med.  and  Med.  Instit.  Louisville,  Ky.  1839-49.  Memb.  Corres. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1812;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  April,  1818;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1850. 

Draper,  William  H.    New  York,  N.  Y.    Jan.  1887.    b.  Oct.  14,  1830. 

A.B.  1851,  A.M.  1854,  Columbia  College;  M.D.  1855,  Coll.  Phys.  and 
Surgeons,  N.  Y.  Memb.  New  York  Co.  Med.  Soc;  Pathological  Soc; 
Acad.  Med. ;  Med.  and  Surg.  Soc. ;  Practitioners'  Soc.  Attend.  Phys. 
New  York  Hosp. ;  Roosevelt  Hosp. ;  Consult.  Phys.  St.  Luke's  Hosp. ; 
Presbyterian  Hosp.  and  Trinity  Hosp. 

*DuDLEY,  Benjamin  WiNSLOW.    Lexington,  Ky.    1842.    b.  April  12, 1785. 
d.  Jan.  20,  1870. 
M.D.  1806,  Univ.  Pa.     Prof.  Anat.  and  Surgery  Transylvania  Univ. 
1817. 

*ECKARD,  Frederick  S.    Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.    Jan.  1849.    Fellow  1840, 
res.  Dec.  1848. 
M.D.  1835,  Univ.  Pa. 

*Flint,  Austin.  New  York,  N.Y.  1868.  b.  Oct.  20, 1812.  d.  March  13, 1886. 
M.D.  1833,  Univ.  Harvard.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847,  V.  P. 
1849-50 ;  New  York  Acad.  Med.,  P. ;  Internat.  Med.  Congress  1876 ; 
Honorary,  Med.  Soc.  and  of  the  Clinical  Soc.  London  ;  Corres.  Med. 
Soc.  Palermo.  Prof.  Instit.  and  Pract.  Med.  Rush  Med.  Coll.  1844-45; 
Prof.  Principles  and  Pract.  Med.  Buffalo  Med.  Coll.  1847-52;  Prof. 
Theory  and  Pract.  Med.  Univ.  Louisville  1852-56;  Prof.  Clinical  Med. 
New  Orleans  Med.  Coll.  1858-61 ;  Prof.  Principles  and  Pract.  Med.  Bel- 
levueHosp.  Med.  Coll.  N.  Y.  1861. 

Green,  Traill.     Easton,  Pa.     April,  1876.     b.  May  25,  1813. 

M.D.  1835,  Univ.  Pa. ;  A.M.  1841,  Rutger's  Coll. ;  LL.D.1866,  Wash- 
ington and  Jefferson  Coll.  Memb.  Philad.  Med.  Soc  1836;  Amer. 
Assoc.  Advance.  Sc.  1848,  Fellow,  1874 ;  Med.  Soc  State  Pa.  1850,  P. 
1868;  Northampton  Co.  Med.  Soc.  1849,  P.  1869  and  1877  ;  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc.  1853;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc  Oct.  1868;  Corres.  Buffalo  Soc.  Nat. 
Sc.  1864;  Honorary,  Troy  Scientific  Assoc.  1871;  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  Rut- 


■282  APPENDIX. 

ger's  Coll.  1871 ;  Assoc.  Obstetrical  Soc.  Philad.  1874;  Amer.  Acad. 
Med.  1876,  P.  also  1882 ;  Historical  Soc.  Pa.  1886.  Phys.  Philad.  Dis- 
pens.  1835-36 ;  Board  Ex.  Surg.  Pa.  1863 ;  Trustee  Pa.  Hosp.  for  the 
Insane  1868,  P.  1884;  U.  S.  Pension  Board  1881-85.  Prof.  Chemistry 
LaFayette  Coll.  1837-41 ;  Prof.  Nat.  Sc.  Marshall  Coll.  1841-48 ;  Prof. 
Chemistry,  LaFayette  Coll.  1853 ;  Dean,  Pardee  Scientific  Dep.  La- 
Fayette Coll.  1869.  Consult.  Surg.  St.  Luke's  Hosp.  South  Bethle- 
hem, Pa.  1863 . 

*Hallo\vell,  John  Hubbard.    Maine.    1842. 

^Hamilton,  Frank  H.    New  York,  N.  Y.    1868.    b.  Sept.  10,  1813.    d. 
Aug.  11,  1886. 

M.D.  1833,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  New  York  State  Med.  Soc,  P.  1855 ; 
N.  Y.  Pathological  Soc.  P.  1866 ;  N.  Y.  Acad.  Med. ;  Medico-Legal 
Soc,  P.  1875-76 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1848.  Med.  Inspector  U.  S.  A. 
1863.  Prof.  Surg.  Bellevue  Hosp.  Med.  Coll.  Visit.  Phys.  Bellevue 
Hosp. ;  Consult.  Surg.  St.  Elizabeth's  Hosp. 

*HoDGEN,  John  Thompson.  St.  Louis,  Mo.  April,  1876.  b.  Jan.  17. 1826. 
d.  April  28,  1882. 
M.D.  1848,  Univ.  Missouri ;  LL.D.  Bethany  Coll.  Va.  Prof.  Physiol. 
1862-68,  Anat.  68-75,  Surg.  Anat.  and  of  Fractures  and  Dislocations 
(also  Dean),  St.  Louis  Med.  Coll.  Prof.  Clinical  Surg.  City  Hosp. 
Memb.  St.  Louis  Med.  Soc,  P.  1872 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1867,  P.  1881 ; 
Internat.  Med.  Congress,  1876  and  1881 ;  Mo.  State  Med.  Assoc,  P.1875; 
Med.  Jour,  and  Libr.  Assoc.  Miss.  Valley,  P.  1879.  Asst.  Surg.  U.  S. 
v.,  and  Surg.  Genl.  Mo.;  St.  Louis  Board  of  Health  1867-71;  Surg. 
St.  Luke's  Hosp.  St.  Louis. 

*HosACK,  David.  New  York,  N.  Y.  1800.  b.  Aug.  31, 1769.  d.  Dec.  22, 1835. 

A.B.  1789,  LL.D.  Coll.  N.  J. ;  M.D.  1791,  Univ.  Pa.  Fellow  Linnean 

Soc  London;    F.E.S.L.  1816,  F.R.S.E.  1817  ;  Amer.  Philos.  Soc,  July, 

1810.     Corres.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1815.     Prof.  Botany,  1795,  Mat. 

Med.  1813-31,  Columbia  Coll. 

*Jackson,  John  B.  S.    Boston,  Mass.     April,  1876.     b.  1806. 

M.D.  1825,  Harvard  Univ.     Memb.  Boston  Soc.  Med.  ImiJrovement. 

Johnston,  Christopher.  Baltimore,  Md.  April,  1876.  b.  Sept.  27,  1822. 
M.D.  1843,  Univ.  Bait.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1855 ;  Medico- 
Chirurgical  Faculty  Md.,  P.  1876 ;  Baltimore  Med.  Soc,  ex.  P. ;  Bait. 
Clinical  Soc.  ex-P. ;  British  Med.  Assoc. ;  Maryland  Acad.  Sc,  P.  1885, 
and  1887 ;  Amer.  Microscopical  Assoc.  1883 ;  International,  Period. 
Congr.  of  the  Med.  Sc.  1881,  Delegate  and  Memb.  1884.  Consult.  Surg. 
Children's  Home  and  Infirmary  ;    Hebrew  Hosp.      Prof.  Anat.  and 


APPENDIX,  283 

Physiol.  1864,  General  Descript.  and  Surg.  Anat.  1866,  Principles  and 
Pract.  Surgery  1868,  Surgery  1870  Univ.  Md. . 

■Jones,  Joseph.     New  Orleans,  La.     April,  1876.    b.  Sept.  6,  1833. 

A.B.,  Coll.  N.  J. ;  M.D.  1855,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Board  of  Health  State 
La. ;  New  Orleans  Med.  and  Surg.  Assoc. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1859 ; 
Honorary,  Va.  State  Med.  Soc.  Surg.  Confederate  States  Army  1862- 
65.  Prof.  Chemistry  Med.  Coll.  Savannah  1856-57  ;  Prof.  Nat.  Sc.  Univ. 
Ga.  1857-58  ;  Prof.  Chemistry,  Ga.  Med.  Coll.  1859-61 ;  Prof.  Chemistry 
Univ.  La.  1869 . 

*KiNG,  James.  Pittsburg,  Pa.  April,  1876.  b.  Jan.  18,  1816.  d.  March 
10,  1880. 
M.D.  1838,  Transylvania  Univ.  Memb.  Allegheny  Co.  Med.  Soc.  P. ; 
Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.,  P.  1866 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1866.  Surg.  U.  S.  V. ; 
Med.  Director  Pa.  Reserves,  Surg.-Genl.  Pa.  until  1864.  Hon.  Memb. 
Cal.  State  Med.  Soc.  1871 ;  Rocky  Mountain  Med.  Soc.  1871.  Trustee 
Western  Univ.  Prof.  Anat.,  Physiology,  and  Hygiene,  Washington 
Coll.  Pa.  1844-50. 

KiNLOCH,  R.  A.     Charleston,  S.  C.     April,  1876.     b.  Feb.  20,  1826. 

A.B.  1845,  Coll.  Charleston,  S.  C. ;  M.D.  1848,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb. 
South  Carolina  Med.  Assoc.  P.  1884 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1883,  V.  P. 
Surg.  Roper  Hosp. ;  City  Hosp. ;  Xavier  Infirmary,  Charleston,  S.  C. 
Prof.  Surgery  Med.  Coll.  S.  C. 

*Knight,  Jonathax.     New  Haven,  Ct.     1847.    b.  Sept.  4,  1789.     d.  Aug. 
25,  1864. 

A.B.  1808,  M.D.  Yale.  Prof.  Anat.  and  Physiology,  1813-38,  Sur- 
gery, 1838-64,  Yale.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  P.  1846,  V.  P.  1848, 
P.  1853. 

*Miller,  Henry.    Louisville,  Ky.    1861.    b.  Nov.  1, 1800.    d.  Feb.  8, 1874. 
M.D.  1822,  Transylvania  Univ.     Prof.  Midwifery  Univ.  Louisville; 
Louisville   Med.  Coll.  1835-58;     Prof.   Med.  and   Surg.  Diseases  of 
Women,  1867,  '68.     Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1850,  P.  1859. 

Moore,  E.  M.     Rochester,  N.  Y.     April,  1876. 

MOWRY,  Robert  B.     Allegheny  City,  Pa.     April,  1876.    b.  Dec.  23,  1813. 
A.B.  1834,  Western  Univ.  Pa.;    M.D.  1836,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll. 
Memb.  Allegheny  Med.  Soc. ;    Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1850 ;    Med.  Soc. 
State  Pa.,  P.  1877.     Surg.  Western  Pa.  Hosp.  1850-56.     Manager  Alle- 
gheny General  Hosp.  and  on  Consult.  Staff . 


284  APPENDIX. 

*MUSSEK,  Reuben  Dimoxd.    Cincinnati,  O.    Feb.  1835.    b.  June  23,  1780. 
d.  June  21,  1866. 

A.B.,  M.D.  1805,  LL.D.  1854,  Dartmouth  Coll.  Prof.  Theory  and 
Pract.  Med.  1814-19,  Anat.  and  Surg.  1819-38,  Dartmouth  Coll. ;  Prof. 
Surg.  Ohio  Med.  Coll.  1838-52;  Prof.  Surg.  Miami  Med.  Coll.  1852-57; 
Chief  Surg.  Commercial  Hosp.  Cincinnati.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1849,  P.  1850;  Honorary,  Philad.  Med.  Soc.  Jan.  1809. 

McGuiRE,  HuxTEPv  Holmes.  Richmond,  Va.  Jan.  1887.  b.  Oct.  11, 1835. 
M.D.  1855, Winchester  Med.  Coll.,  and  1859,  Virginia  Med.  Coll.;  LL.D. 
1887,  Univ.  N.C.  Prof.  Anat.  Winchester  (Va.)  Med.  Coll.  1855-58. 
Prof.  Surg.  Virginia  Med.  Coll.  1865-78,  emeritus  1880.  Memb.  Vir- 
ginia Med.  Soc.  P.  1880;  Richmond  Acad.  Med.  P.  1869;  Assoc.  Med. 
Officers  Army  and  Navy,  Confed.  States,  P.  1875;  Amer.  Surg.  Assoc. 
P.  1886 ;  International  Med.  Congress,  V.  P.  1876 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
V.  P.  1881 ;  Hon.  Fell.  North  Carolina  Med.  Soc.  1886.  Senior  Surg. 
St.  Luke's  Hosp.  Richmond,  Va.  Med.  Director  Army  of  the  Valley, 
C.  S.  A.  1861-62 ;  Med.  Director  2nd  Corps  A.  X.  V.,  C.  S.  A.  1862-65. 

*McNaughton^,  James.     Albany,  X.  Y.     July,  1847.     b.  Dec.  10,  1796. 
d.  June  11,  1874. 

M.D.  1816,  Univ.  Edinb.  Prof  Anat.  and  Physiology,  Fairfield 
Med.  Coll.  1820-40 ;  Prof.  Theory  and  Pract.  Med.  Albany  Med.  Coll. 
N.  Y.  1840-74.  Surg.  Albany  Hosp.  Memb.  Med.  Soc.  Co.  of  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  1828,  P.  2  years ;  New  York  State  Med.  Soc.  1831,  P.  (twice) ; 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1846-47  ;  Board  of  Governors,  Union  Univ.  Sur- 
geon-General State  of  N.  Y.     P.  Board  of  Health,  Albany  N.  Y.  1832. 

Parker,  Peter.     Washington,  D.  C.     1842.    b.  June  18,  1804. 

A.B.  1831,  A.M.  1858,  M.D.  1834,  Yale.  Yale  Theological  Semin. 
1831-33.  Missionary  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  to  China,  1834.  Founder  and 
Phys.  Ophthalmic  Hosp.  Canton,  1885.  Memb.  Med.  Missionary  Soc. 
V.  P.  1838,  P.  1882 ;  Royal  Asiatic  Soc.  London,  1842 ;  Historical  Soc. 
New  York,  and  Brooklyn,  1842 ;  Constit.  Soc.  Northern  Antiquaries, 
Copenhagen,  1846  ;  Mass.  Med.  Soc.  Oct.  1859 ;  Deputation  Evangel- 
ical Alliance  to  Memorialize  Emp.  Russia  in  behalf  of  religious  liberty 
in  the  Baltic  Provinces,  1871 ;  Corporate  Memb.  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  1871. 
Regent  Smithsonian  Institution,  1868-84.  Chinese  Interpreter  and 
Secretary  U.  S.  Legation  in  China,  1844.  U.  S.  Commissioner,  with 
plenary  powers,  to  China,  1855-57. 

*Parker,  Willaed.    New  York,  N.  Y.    1876.    b.  Sept.  2,  1800.    d.  April 
25,  1884. 

A.B.  1826,  M.D.  1830,  Univ.  Harvard ;  LL.D.  1870,  Coll.  N.  J.  Re- 
sid.  U.  S.  Marine  Hosp.  Chelsea,  1827-29,  Mass.  Gen'l.  Hosp.  1829-30. 


APPENDIX.  285 

Prof.  Anat.  1830,  and  Surg.  1832,  Berkshire  Med.  Coll.;  Prof.  Surg. 
Coll.  Phys.  and.  Surg.  N.  Y.  1839-70.  Surg.  Bellevue  Hosp.  1845 ; 
Visit.  Surg.  New  York  Hosp.  1856;  P.  New  York  State  Inebriate 
Asylum,  1865;  Consult.  Surg.  N.  Y.  Hosp. ;  Bellevue  Hosp. ;  St.  Luke's 
Hosp. ;  Koosevelt  Hosp.  and  Mt.  Sinai  Hosp.  Memb.  New  York  Med. 
Soc. ;  N.  Y.  Co.  Med.  Soc. ;  Acad.  Med. ;  Pathological  Soc.  N.  Y. ;  New 
York  Med.  and  Surg.  Soc. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1846. 

Pollock,  A.  M.     Pittsburg,  Pa.     April,  1876.    b.  Jan.  7,  1820. 

M.D.  1841,  Med.  Coll.  Ohio.  Memb.  Allegheny  Co.  Med.  Soc.  P. 
1868 ;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.,  P.  1872 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  V.  P.  1873 ; 
Honorary,  Med.  Soc.  State  Cal.  Surg.  Mercy  Hosp. ;  Parsavants  Hosp. 
Pittsburg.     V.  P.  Dollar  Savings  Bank,  1859 . 

PORCHER,  Francis  Peyre.  Charleston,  S.  C.  April,  1876.  b.  Dec.  14, 1825. 
A.B.  1844,  South  Carolina  Coll. ;  M.D.  1847,  Med.  Coll.  of  the  State 
of  S.  C.  Memb.  Assoc.  Amer.  Phys. ;  Corres.  of  the  Med.,  the  Surg., 
and  the  Obstetrical  Societies,  and  Lyceum  Nat.  Hist,  of  New  York, 
1847 ;  Corres  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1849 ;  Corres.  Med.  and  Surg.  Soc. 
Richmond,  Va. ;  Historical  Soc.  Wisconsin.  Phys.  Marine  Hosp. 
Charleston,  S.  C.  1855-60 ;  Confederate  Hosp.  at  Norfolk,  and  Peters- 
berg,  Va.  1862-64 ;  City  Hosp.  Charleston,  S.  C.  1866-87.  Prof.  Mat. 
Med.  and  Therapeutics,  Med.  Coll.  State  S.  C. 

Reeve,  John  Charles.    Dayton,  O.    b.  June  5.  1826. 

M.D.  1851,  Western  Reserve  Coll.  Memb.  Montgomery  Co.  Med. 
Soc.  1854,  P. ;  Ohio  State  Med.  Soc.  1861,  P.  1885 ;  Constit.  Memb. 
Amer.  Gynecological  Soc.  1876.     Prof.  Mat.  Med.  and  Therap.  Med. 

Coll.  of  Ohio,  1861 ;  Chief  of  Staff  St.  Elizabeth's  Hosp.  1878 . 

Phys.  Montgomery  Co.  Children's  Home  1876 . 

*Revere,  John.     New  York,  N.  Y.     May,  1841.     b.  March  17,  1787.    d. 
May  1,  1847. 
A.B.  1807,  Harvard  Univ.;   M.D.   1811,  Edinb.     Prof.  Mat.  Med. 
Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1831-40 ;    Prof.  Theory  and  Pract.  Med.,  Univ.  of 
City  N.  Y.  1840-47. 

Richardson,  Tobias  Gibson.  New  Orleans,  La.  Jan.  1887.  b.  Jan.  3, 1827. 
M.D.  1848,  Univ.  Louisville.  Memb.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1855,  P. 
1878;  Kentucky  State  Med.  Soc.  1860;  Corres.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 
1857;  Hon.,  Philad.  Acad.  Surg.;  Fellow  Abingdon  Acad.  Med.  1880; 
Constit.  Amer.  Surg.  Assoc.  1880 ;  Louisiana  State  Med.  Soc. ;  Internat. 
Med.  Congresses,  1866,  1876,  V.  P.,  1887,  V.  P.  Resid.  U.  S.  Marine 
Hosp.  Louisville  1846-48 ;  Demonstrator  Anat.  Med.  Coll.  Louisville 
1848-56.     Prof.  Anat.  Pa.  Med.  Coll.  1856-58 ;  Prof.  Anat.  1858-72,  Sur- 


286  APPENDIX. 

gery,  1872 .  Univ.  La.     Attend.  Surg.  Charity  Hosp.  New  Orleans 

1858 .     Med.  Inspector  and  Director  Genl.  C.  S.  A.  1862-65. 

*Senter,  Isaac.     Newport,  E.  I.     1790.    b.  1735.     d.  Dec.  20,  1799. 

Surg.  American  Army ;  Surg,  and  Phys.  Genl.  State  E.  I.  1780. 
Honorary,  Mass.  Med.  Soc. ;  Med.  Soc.  London ;  Ehode  Island  State 
Med.  Soc.  P. 

*Sewell,  Thomas.     Washington,  D.  C.     1842.     d.  April  10,  1845. 

Shattuck,  George  Cheyne.     Boston,  Mass.     1839.    b.  July  22,  1813. 

A.B.  1831,  A.M.  1834,  M.D.  1835,  Univ.  Harvard.  Memb.  Massachu- 
setts Med.  Soc.  1836 ;  Boston  Soc.  Med.  Observation  1837  ;  Boston  Soc. 
Med.  Jurisprudence  1835 ;  Amer.  Acad.  Arts,  and  Sc.  Visit.  Phys. 
Massachusetts  General  Hosp.  1850-86.  Prof.  Clinical  Med.  1855-59, 
Prof.  Theory  and  Practice  Med.  1859-74,  Prof.  Physiology  and  Instit. 
Med.,  Harvard  Univ. 

*Smith,  Nathan  Eyno.  Baltimore,  Md.  1842.  b.  May  21,  1797.  d.  July 
3,  1877. 
A.B.  1817,  M.D.  1823,  Yale  Coll.  Memb.  Honorary  Philad.  Med.  Soc. 
Feb.  1825;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847.  Prof.  Surg,  and  Anat.  Univ. 
Vermont;  Prof.  Anat.  and  Physiol.  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  1824-26;  in 
Univ.  Md.  1827;  Prof.  Surgery  Univ.  Md.  1829-70.  [Prof.  Pract. 
Med.  Transylvania  Univ.  1838-40.] 

*Stevens,  Alexander  H.  New  York,  N.  Y.  1847.  b.  1789.  d.  March 
30,  1869. 
A.B.  Yale;  M.D.  1811,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  (Fellow)  Coll.  Phys.  and 
Surg.  N.  Y.  1813 ;  New  York  State  Med  Soc,  P. ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc. 
1846-47.  V.  P.,  1848,  P.  1849.  Prof.  Surg.  Med.  Dept.  Queen's  Coll. 
1814-16,  Trustee  1820-26;  Prof.  Surg.  1837-39,  40-44;  Coll.  Phys.  and 
Surgeons  N.  Y. ;  Visit.  Phys.  New  York  Hosp.  1817. 

*Stewardson,  Thomas.  (Fellow.)  Jan.  1835.  Assoc,  Savannah,  Ga., 
Jan.  1847.  b.  July  10,  1807.  d.  June  30,  1878. 
M.D.  1830,  Univ.  Pa.  Eesid.  Pa.  Hosp.  1830-32.  Memb.  Societe 
Medicale  d' Observation,  Paris  1833;  Philad.  Med.  Soc  Dec.  1826; 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1836,  Eecord.  Sec.  1837-40,  Corres.  Sec.  1859- 
66 ;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1860 ;  Corresp.  Memb.  Societe  Imperiale  Aca- 
demique  de  Cherbourg,  1868.  Phys.  Philad.  Hosp.  1837-38 ;  Pa.  Hosp. 
1838-47.  Memb.  Board  of  Health  1838-40,  1861-63, 1867-72;  Lazaretto 
Phys.  May,  1864-May,  '65;  Prof.  Natural  Science  Georgia  Military  In- 
stit. 1851-53. 


APPENDIX.  2ST 

*TiLTON,  James.     Delaware.     1790.     b.  1745.     d.  May  14,  1822. 

M.D.  1771,  Coll.  Philad.  Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  Jan.  1773. 
Phys.  Genl.  Hosp.  Amer.  Army  at  Princeton  1777-82;  Surg.  Genl.  U. 
S.A.March,  1813. 

*TwiTCHELL,  Amos.     Keene,  N.  H.     1843. 

*Ware,  Thomas.     Boston,  Mass.     1842. 

*Wareen,  John  C.     Boston,  Mass.    1846. 

*Way,  Nicholas.     Delaware.     1790.     d.  Sept.  2,  1797,  set.  50. 
M.D.  "1771,  Coll.  Philad.     Director  U.  S.  Mint  1796. 

*Wellford,  Beverly  Randolph.     Fredericksburg,  Va.     1850.     b.  July 
29,  1797.     d.  Dec.  27, 1870. 
M.D.  1816,  Univ.  Md.   Prof.  Mat.  Med.  Med.  Coll.  Va.  1854.  Memb. 
Med.  Soc.  Va.,  P.  1852 ;    Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1847,  V.  P.  1851-52,  P. 
1852-53. 

Whittaker,  James  T.     Cincinnati,  O.     1886.     b.  March  3,  1843. 

A.B.  1863,  A.M.  1868,  Miami  Univ. ;  M.D.  1866,  Univ.  Pa.  and  1867, 
Med.  Coll.  Ohio.  Memb.  Cincinnati  Acad.  Med.  1869,  P.  1887  ;  Ohio 
State  Med.  Soc.  1871;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  1884;  International  Med. 
Congr.  1884;  Assoc.  Amer.  Phys.,  Recorder,  1886;  Climatological  Assoc. 
1886.  Surgeon's  Steward,  1863,  Act.  Asst.  Surgeon  till  Oct.  10,  1865, 
U.  S.  Navy.  Resid.  City  Hosp.  1867.  Lecturer  on  Pathology,  1870, 
Clinical  Med.  1875,  Good  Samaritan  Hosp.  Prof.  Physiol.  1870-80,. 
Theory  and  Pract.  Med.  1880 .     Med.  Coll.  Ohio. 

*W0RTHINGT0N,  WiLMER.     West  Chester,  Pa.     1868.     d.  Sept.  11,  1873, 
«t.  69. 

M.D.  1825,  Univ.  Pa.  Memb.  Chester  Co.  Med.  Assoc.  P.;  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc.  1848;  Med.  Soc.  State  Pa.  P.  1850;  House  Rep.  Legisla- 
ture Pa.  Speaker  of  the  Senate.  Surveyor  of  the  Port  of  Philad.  Secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of  State  Charities. 

Yandell,  David  Wendel.  Louisville,  Ky.  Jan.  1887.  b.  Sept.  4,  1826. 
M.D.  1846,  Univ.  Louisville.  Memb.  Med.  Soc.  State  Ky.  1852; 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.  1850,  P.  1873 ;  Med.  Soc.  London,  1881 ;  Med.  Soc. 
Edinb.  1881 ;  Amer.  Surg.  Assoc.  Phys.  1848,  Consult.  Phys.  1860-65, 
Surg.  1865-70,  Consult.  Surg.  1870-87,  Louisville  City  Hosp.  Prof. 
Clinical  Med.  and  Pathol.  Anat.  1858-61,  Theory  and  Pract.  Med.  1867 
-69,  Clinical  Surgery,  1870-74,  Surgery  and  Clinical  Surg.  1874-87, 
Univ.  Louisville.  Prof.  Surgery  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.  Indianapolis, 
1871-72.     Surg,  and  Med.  Director  C.  S.  A.  1861-65. 

American  Associates,  living  30 ;  deceased  35. 


I 


288  APPENDIX. 


FOREIGN  ASSOCIATES. 

ACKLAND,  Sir  Hexry  W.     Oxford,  England.     July,  1873.     b.  1815. 

M.D.  1848,  Oxford,  K.C.B.,  1884,  F.R.S.     Eegius  Prof.  Med.  Oxford 

Univ.  1858.   Memb.  Royal  Sanitary  Commission,  ]  869-72 ;  Amer.  Philos. 

Soc.   Jan.  1873 ;    British  Med.  Assoc.  P.     Honorary  Phys.  Prince  of 

Wales. 

f  , 

1  *Alvaren2A,  p.  F.  Da  Costa.     Lisbon,  Portugal.   Oct.  1869.    d.  1883  (?). 

Barnes,  Eobert.     London,  England.     Jan.  1877. 

*BoECK,  W.     Christiania,  Norway.     1872.     d.  Jan.  1876. 

Butcher,  R.  G.  H.     Dublin,  Ireland.     1865. 

*Christison,  Sir  Robert.     Edinburgh,  Scotland.     Dec.  1848.    b.  July 
18,  1797.     d.  Jan.  27,  1882. 

M.D.  1819,  Univ.  Ediub.;  D.C.L.  1866,  Univ.  Oxford;  Baronet, 
1871;  LL.D.  1872,  Univ.  Edinb.  Prof.  Med.  Jurisprudence,  1822; 
Prof.  Mat.  Med.  Univ.  Edinb.  1832-77.  Royal  Coll.  Phys.  Edinb.  P. 
Ordinary  Phys.  to  the  Queen  in  Scotland. 

*Churchill,  Fleetwood.     Dublin,  Ireland.     1853. 

*CouRTY,  Amedee.     Montpellier,  France.     1881. 

Fayrer,  Sir  Joseph.     London,  England.     1883.    b.  Dec.  6,  1824. 

M.D.  1848,  Univ.  Rome ;  M.D.  1858,  Edinb.  K.C.S.1. 1876,  LL.D.  1878, 
F.R.S.  Fellow  Royal  Coll.  Phys.  1872;  R.C.S.  London  and  Edinb. 
1878,  R.N.  1847-59,  R.A.  Bengal,  1850-74.  Prof.  Surgery  Royal  Coll. 
Bengal,  1859-74.  Fellow  Roy.  Geol.  Soc.  1848  ;  F.R.S.  1877  ;  Fellow 
Roy.  Medico-Chirurgical  Soc.  Memb.  Council  Patholog.  Soc. ;  Ex-P. 
Epidem.  and  Med.  Soc. ;  Corres.  Acad.  Med.  Paris. ;  Roy.  Acad.  Med. 
Rome ;  Ex-P.  Asiatic  Soc.  Bengal.  Late  Surg.-Gen.  Bengal  Med.  Ser- 
vice ;  P.  Med.  Board  India  Office,  1874 ;  Phys.  to  Sec.  of  State  for 
India  in  Council,  1874 ;  Memb.  of  Senate  Army  Med.  School,  Netley, 
1874;  Army  Sanitary  Commission,  1874;  Corres.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 
1874;  Examiner  in  Anat.  and  Physiol.  Indian  Naval  and  Med.  Ser- 
vices, 1880  ;  Gov.  Guy's  Hosp. ;  Gov.  Charing  Cross  Hosp.  Honorary 
Phys.  to  the  Queen,  and  to  the  Prince  of  Wales ;  Phys.  to  the  Duke  of 
Edinburgh. 


APPENDIX.  289 

FOTHERGILL,  J.  MiLNER.     London,  England.     Oct.  1878. 

M.D.  Memb.  Royal  Coll.  Phys.  London.  Assist.  Phys.  for  Diseases 
of  the  Chest,  City  of  London  Hosp. 

*GiNTRAC,  E.     Bordeaux,  France.     1857. 

*Hall,  Archibald.     Canada.     Oct.  1852.     d.  1867. 
M.D.,  F.R.S.     Prof.  Anat.  McGill  Coll. 

Heath,  Christopher.     London,  England.     188'3.    b.  March  13,  1835. 

Fellow  Royal  Coll.  Surg,  of  England,  1860,  Councillor,  1881,  Memb. 
Court  of  Examiners,  1883.  Memb.  Pathological  Soc.  London,  1856; 
Fell.  Royal  Med.  and  Chirurgical  Soc.  1865 ;  Constit.  Memb.  Clinical 
Soc.  London,  Treas.  Holme  Prof.  Clinical  Surg.  Univ.  Coll.  1875; 
Surg.  Univ.  Coll.  Hosp. ;  Examiner  in  Surgery  Univ.  London,  1886. 
Fell.  King's  Coll.  London. 

Howard,  Robert  Palmer.   Montreal,  Canada.  Jan.  1887.  b.  Jan.  10, 1823. 
M.D.,  CM.  1848,  LL.D.  1886,  McGill  Univ.;   L.R.C.S.  1848,  Edinb. 

Prof  Clinical  Med.  1856-60,  Theory  and  Pract.  1860 .,  Dean  Med. 

Faculty,  1882 .,  McGill  Univ.  Memb.  Medico-Chirurg.  Soc.  Mon- 
treal, P.  1880;  Canada  Med.  Assoc.  P.  1880;  a  foreman  Coll.  Phys. 
and  Surgeons,  Quebec,  1860,  P.  1880.  Attend.  Phys.  Montreal  Gen. 
Hosp.  1852-74,  Sec.  1854;  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum,  1 858 .  Con- 
sult. Phys.  Montreal  Gen.  Hosp.  1854 . 

Jacksok,  J.  Hughlings.     Loudon,  England.     April,  1874. 

JOHXSON,  George.     Loudon,  England.     April,  1876.     b.  Nov.  1818. 

M.D.  1844.  First  Med.  Tutor  King's  Coll.  1843-50.  Prof.  Mat.  Med. 
1857 ;  Prof.  Princip.  and  Pract.  Med.  1863 ;  Prof.  Clinical  Med.  1876- 
86  King's  Coll.;  F.R.S.  1872;  P.  Royal  Med.  and  Chirurgical  Soc.  1884 
-86.    Senior  Phys.  King's  Coll.  Hosp.  1876. 

*Lettsom,  John  Coakley.  London,  England.  1802.   b.  1744.  d.  March  1, 
1815. 
Fellow  Royal  Coll.  Phys.  London,  F.R.S.     Memb.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc. 
Jan.  1787. 

*Lever,  John  M.     London,  England,  1854. 
Surgeon  Guy's  Hosp. 

Lister,  Sir  Joseph,  Bart.     Edinburgh,  Scotland.     Jan.  1877.     b.  1827. 

M.B.  1852,  Univ.  London;  F.R.C.S.  England  1852;  R.C.S.E.  1855, 
LL.D.  1879,  Univ.  Glasgow,  1880  Cambridge;  D.C.L.  1880,  Oxford, 
Bart.  1880.     Regius  Prof.  Surgerj'  Univ.  Glasgow. 

19 


290  APPENDIX. 

*Louis,  p.  Ch.  A.     Paris,  France.     1835. 

MACLEOD,  George  H.  B.     Glasgow,  Scotland.     1865.     b.  1828. 

M.D.  1853,  Univ.  Glasgow;  F.R.S.  Edin.;  F.R.C.S.  1857,  Edin. ; 
Fell.  Faculty  Phys.  and  Surg.  Glasgow  1858.  Regius  Prof.  Surgery  Univ. 
Glasgow.  Surgeon  in  Ordinary  to  the  Queen  in  Scotland.  P.  Medico- 
Chirurgical  Soc.  Glasgow  (two  terms).  Corres.  de  la  Soc.  de  Cher,  de 
Paris.  Corres.  Etrang.  de  I'Acad.  de  Med.  Paris.  Memb.  Deut.  Gesell. 
fiir  Chirurg.  Senior  Surg,  and  Lecturer  Clinical  Surgery  Western  In- 
firmary, Glasgow.  Formerly,  Surg.  Royal  Infirmary,  and  Senior  Surg. 
General  Hosp.  in  camp  before  Sebastopol. 

Ogle,  Johx  W.     London,  England.     July,  1873. 

Paget,  Sir  James,  Bart.  London,  England.  April,  1874.  b.  Jan.  11,  1814. 
Memb.  1836,  Fellow  1843,  Royal  Coll.  Surg,  of  England.  Honorary, 
D.C.L.  Oxford.  LL.D.  Cambridge,  also,  Edinb.  F.R.C.S.  Ireland. 
M.D.  Bonn,  also  Wiirzburg.  F.R.S.  1851;  Corres.  Acad.  Sc.  Instit. 
France  1886.  Assist.  Surg.  1847,  Surg.  1861-71  St.  Bartholomew's  Hosp. 
London. 

*Peacock,  Thomas  B.     London,  England.     July,  1873. 

*Pereira,  Jonathan".     London,  England.     1848.     b.  May  22,  1804.     d. 
Jan.  20,  1853. 

M.D.  1840,  Erlangen ;  F.R.S.  and  L.S.  Licentiate  Coll.  Phys.  Lon- 
don, Fellow,  1845.  Memb.  Royal  Coll.  Surgeons  June,  1825.  Fellow 
and  Phys.  London  Hosp.  Lecturer,  and  Examiner  on  Mat.  Med.  Univ. 
Loudon. 

*Renaudet,  Peter.     Bristol,  England.     1795. 

Valcourt,  Thophile  de.  Cannes,  France.  Oct.  1869.  b.  May  3,  1836. 
M.D.  1864,  Paris  ;  M.R.C.P.  London,  1878.  Memb.  Med.  Societies 
of  Paris,  Stockholm,  Chambery,  Reims,  Odessa ;  British  Med.  Assoc. ; 
Assoc.  Frangaise  des  Sciences ;  International  Med.  Congr. ;  ]\Ieteorolo- 
gical  Soc.  of  France.  Surgeon  Cannes  City  Hosp. ;  Marine  Hosp.  for 
Scrofulous  Children;  Asile  Evangclique;  Consult.  Phys.  at  Cannes 
(Alpes  Maritimes). 

Valery,  Gaetano.     Rome,  Italy.     Oct.  1857. 

M.D.  Physician  and  Lecturer  on  Pathological  Anat.  Hosp.  Santo 
Spirito,  Rome. 

*Velasco,  Pedro  Gonzales.    Spain.    1861.    d.  1881. 
Director  Anatomical  Museum  Univ.  Madrid. 

*Walther,  Hermann.    Dresden,  Saxony.     1860.     d.  1883. 

Foreign  Associates  living,  15 ;  deceased,  15. 


APPENDIX.  291 


CORRESPONDING   MEMBERS. 

Carrow,  Flemming.     Canton,  China.     1880. 
Chiara,  Domenioo.     Milan,  Italy.     1880. 

Dey,  Kanny  Lael.     Calcutta,  India.     Feb.  1886.    b.  Sept.  24,  1831. 

G.M.C.B.  1854,  Med.  Coll.  of  Bengal ;  Bai  Bahadoor,  1872  ;  CLE. 
(Companion  Indian  Empire)  1884.  Memb.  Sydenham  Soc.  London 
1859;  British  Med.  Assoc.  1863;  Pharmaceutical  Soc.  Great  Britain, 
1863 ;  F.U.C.  [Fellow  Univ.  Calcutta]  1870 ;  Faculty  of  Med.  Univ. 
Calcutta,  1871 ;  Chemical  Soc.  London  (F.C.S.),  1880;  Soc.  Science, 
Letters  and  Art,  London  (F.S.  Sc.  Lond.),  1880;  Calcutta  Med.  Soc.  V. 
P.  1881 ;  Syndicate  Calcutta  Univ.  1886 ;  Distr.  Charit.  Soc.  Calcutta, 
1886;  Assist.  Govt.  Chemical  Examiner,  1854;  Prof.  Chemistry  Calcutta 
Med.  Coll.  1854;  Presidency  Coll.  Calcutta,  1862;  Additional  Chemical 
Examiner  to  Govt,  and  Assist,  to  Prof.  1867-72 ;  Teacher  of  Chemistry 
and  Med.  Jurisprudence  to  the  Vernacular  Classes,  Calcutta  Med.  Coll. 
1869-84;  Prof.  Chemistry,  and  Govt.  Chemical  Examiner,  Calcutta 
Med.  Coll.  1877-78.  Justice  of  the  Peace  (J.  P.)  Calcutta,  1872-87 ; 
Committee  of  the  Economic  Museum,  1874-87;  Municipal  Commis- 
sioner, Calcutta,  1877-85;  Central  Committee  for  the  Selection  of  the 
Vernacular  Text-books,  1877-87;  Presidency  Magistrate  for  the  town  of 
Calcutta,  1881-87 ;  Committee  and  Juror  of  the  Calcutta  Exhib.  of 
Indian  Art  Manufactures,  1881-82 ;  Juror  at  the  Jeypore  Exhib.  1883  ; 
also,  Calcutta  Internat.  Exhib.  1883-84. 

N.B.  Retired  from  the  service  of  the  Government  at  the  end  of  30 
years  employment,  1884. 

Eendu,  Jean.     Lyons,  France.     1855. 

Wasseige,  Adolphe.     Liege,  Belgium.     1880.    b.  Sept.  10,  1827. 

M.D.  1854,  Univ.  Liege.  Corres.  Acad.  Royal  Med.  de  Belgique 
March,  1861 ;  Constit.  Medico-Chirurg.  Soc.  Liege,  P.  1862  and  '79 ; 
Memb.  Medico-Chirug.  Soc.  Bologne,  Jan.  1876  ;  Royal  Soc.  Med.  and 
Nat.  Sc.  Brussels,  Aug.  1876  ;  Med.  Soc.  Gand,  May,  1877 ;  Med.  Soc. 
Antwerp,  Sept.  1877 ;  Soc.  of  Public  Med.  Kingdom  of  Belgium,  Aug. 
1877;  Soc.  Med.  and  Nat.  Sc.  Dresden,  1859;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Leipzic, 
July,  1880;  Societe  Imperiale  de  Vilna,  June,  1880;  Med.  Soc.  Lyons, 
July,  1882;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Edinb.  Oct.  1882;  Med.  Soc.  Charleroi 
July,  1883;  Obstetrical  Soc.  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Jan.  1884;  Med.  Soc. 
Strasbourg  July,  1884 ;  Obstetrical  Soc.  Paris,  June,  1885 ;  Royal  Acad. 
Palermo  Jan.  1886 ;  Med.  Acad.  France,  June,  1886  ;  Titulary,  Royal 
Acad.  Med.  Belgium,  1881 ;  Med.  Soc.  Ghent,  Aug.  1884;  Belgian  Geo- 
graphical Soc.  April,  1884. 

Correspondents,  5. 


292  APPENDIX. 


LIST   OF   BIOGRAPHICAL   XOTICES   OF   FELLOWS   AND   ASSOCIATES   OF   THE 
COLLEGE   OF   PHYSICIANS   OF   PHILADELPHIA.      NOVEMBER,    1887. 

Arnold,  Richard  Dennis,  M.D.  By  T.  S.  Hopkins,  M.D.  Trans.  Amer. 
Med.  A'isoc,  vol.  29,  1878. 

Atlee,  John  Light,  M.D.,  LL.D.      By  D.  Hayes  Agnew,  M.D.      Trans. 
Coll.  Phys.  Philad.,  vol.  viii.,  3d  Series,  1886. 
Anon.     Trans.  Med.  Soc.  State  of  Pa.,  vol.  xviii. 

Atlee,   Washington  Lemuel,  M.D.      By  Thomas  M.  Drysdale,  M.D. 
Gynecological  Transactions,  vol.  iii.,  1879. 
By  T.  M.  Drysdale,  M.D.     Trans.  Med.  Soc.  State  of  Pa.,  vol.  xii.,  1879. 
By  J.  M.  Toner,  M.D.     Trans.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  vol.  30,  1879. 

Bache,  Franklin,  M.D.  By  George  B.  Wood,  M.D.  Read  June  16, 
1865.     Proc.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc,  vol.  x.,  1865. 

By  George  B  Wood,  M.D.  Read  May  3,  and  June  7,  1865,  before  the 
Coll.  Phys.  Philad.  Pamphlet,  with  portrait,  8vo.  pp.  66.  Philadel- 
phia: J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.,  1865. 

By  Aug.  H.  Fish,  M.D.  Trans.  Med.  Soc  State  of  Pa.,  4th  Series,  Part 
L,  1865. 

By  William  ]\Iaybury,  M.D.     Trans.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  vol.  16,  1865. 

Bard,  Samuel,  M.D.,  LL.D.     By  Henry  W.  Ducachet,  M.D.     The  Amer. 
*  3fed.  Recorder,  vol.  4,  1821.    Thacher's  Amer.  Med.  Biogr. — Abridged 

from  his  life,  by  Rev.  John  McVickar. 
By  James  P.  White,  M  D.     Amer.  Med.  Biogr.      By  S.  D.  Gross,  M.D. 

1861. 
Anon.  Biograj)hia  Americana,  Xew  York,  1825.     The  Lives  of  Eminent 
Philadelphiaas    now  Deceased.     By   Henry  Simpson.     Philad.,  1859. 
Appleton's  New  Amer.  Encyclopedia. 

Barton,  Benjamin  Smith,  M.D.     Thacher's  Amer.  Med.  Biogr.     Miller's 
Retrospects.    Simpson  s  Lives  of  Eminent  Philadelpkians.    Philad.,  1859. 
Anon.  Biographia  Americana,  New  York,  1825. 

W.  P.  C.  Barton,  M.D.     Read  before  the  Philad.  Med.  Soc.     The 
ortfolio,  April,  1816. 

Beck,  T.  Romeyn,  M.D.,  LL.D.    Anon.  A.pp\(iXon's,Neio  Amer.  Encyclopedia. 

Beesley,  Theophilus    E.     By  Squire  Littell,  M.D.     Tram.   Coll.   Phys. 

Philad.,  vol.  iv..  New  Series,  1863-1874. 
By  H.  Y.  Evans,  M.D.     Trans.  Med.  Soc.  State  of  Pa.,  5th  Series,  Part 

I.,  1868. 
By  C.  C.  Cox,  M.D.,  LL.D.     Trans.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  vol.  21,  1870. 


APPENDIX.  293 

Bell,  John,  M.D.  By  Lawrence  TurnbuU,  M.D.  Trans.  Med.  Soc.  State  of 
Pa.,  vol.  X.,  Part  II.,  1875. 

BiDDLE,  John  Barclay,  M.D.      By  E.  B.  Gardette,  M.D.      Trans.   Coll. 
Phys.  Philad.,  vol.  iv.,  3d  Series,  1879. 
By  Ellerslie  Wallace,  M.D.     Trans.  Med.  Soc.  State  of  Pa.,  vol.  xii..  Part 

II.,  1879. 
By  Frank  Woodbury,  M.D.      Trans.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  vol.  31,  1880. 

BiGELOW,  Jacob,  M.D.  By  L.  F.  Warner,  M.D.  [Extracts  from  a  Memoir, 
by  Rev.  George  Ellis,  D.D.]     Trans.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  vol.  33,  1882. 

BOLLES,  Lucius  S.,  M.D.  By  A.  D.  Hall,  M.D.  Trans.  Med.  Soc  State  of 
Pa.,  vol.  X.,  Part  IL,  1875. 

Bond,  Henry,  M.D.  By  D.  Francis  Condie,  M.D.  T-ans.  Coll.  Phys. 
Philad.,  vol.  iii.,  New  Series,  1856-1862.  Also  in  Trans.  Med.  Soc. 
State  of  Pa.,  2d  Series,  Part  V.,  I860.  Simpson's  Lives  of  Eminent 
Philadelphians  now  Deceased.  Philad.,  1859. 
By  Horatio  Gates  Jones.  Oenealogies  of  the  Eearly  Settlers  of  Watertown. 
By  Henry  Bond,  M.D.    2d  edition.     Boston,  1860. 

BouRNONViLLE,  Antoine,  M.D.  By  Andrew  Nebinger,  M.D.  Trans.  Med. 
Soc  State  of  Pa.,  3d  Series,  Part  III.,  1864.  Trans,  Amer.  Med.  Assoc, 
vol.  16,  1855. 

Bridges,  Robert,  M.D.  By  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger,  M.D.  Proc  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc  Philad.,  1882.  Proc.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc,  1884.  Amer.  Journ. 
Pharmacy,  1884. 

Brinckle,  Thomas  R,  By  Samuel  Emlen,  M.D.  Trans.  Coll.  Phys.  Philad., 
vol.  ii.,  New  Series,  1856. 

Brinckle,  William  Draper,  M.D.  By  E.  B.  Gardette,  M.D.  Read  before 
the  Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Soc,  March  24,  1863.     Pamphlet. 

Burns,  Robert,  M.D.  Anon.  Trans.  Med.  Soc.  State  of  Pa.,  vol.  xvii.,  1885. 

Caldwell,  Charles,  M.D.,  Autobiography  of,  with  a  preface,  notes,  and 
appendix,  by  Harriot  W.  Warner.  8vo.  pp.  474.  Philadelphia :  Lip- 
pincott,  Grambo  &  Co.,  1855.  Simpson's  Lives  of  Eminent  Philadel- 
phians now  Deceased.  Philad.,  1859. 
By  H.  H.  Coates,  M.D.  Read  before  the  Amer.  Philos.  Soc. — Biog- 
raph.  Pamphlets.     No.  1732,  Libr.  Coll.  Phys.  Philad. 

Carson,  Joseph,  M.D.    By  James  Darrach,  M.D.    Trans.  Coll.  Phys.  Philad., 

3d  Series,  vol.  iv.,  1879. 
By  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger.      The  Amer.  Journ.  Med.  Sc,  April,  1877. 
By  R.  Seaman,  M.D.     Trans.  Med.  Soc.  State  of  Pa.,  vol.  xi..  Part  IL, 

1887. 


294  APPENDIX. 

Chapman,  Nathaniel,  3I.D.    By  J.  B.  Biddle,  M.D.    Amer.  Med.  Biogr. 

By  S.  D.  Gross,  M.D.     1866. 
By  Prof.  Samuel    Jackson.     A   commemorative  discourse,  delivered 

before  the  Trustees,  Medical  Faculty,  and  Students,  Univ.  Pa.,  Oct. 

13,  1854. 
A  tribute  to,  in  verse,  by  J.  K.  Mitchell,  M.D.    Medical  Examiner,  Sept. 

1853. 
By  B.  S.  Butler,  M.D.     Simpson's  Lives  of  Eminent  Philadelphians  now 

Deceased.     Philad.,  1859. 

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Series,  1863. 
By  Christopher  C.  Cox,  M.D.     Trans.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  vol.  14,  1863. 

Revere,  John,  M.D.     By  Valentine  Mott,  M.D.     Pamphlet,  8vo.  p.  40. 
New  York,  1847. 

Anon.     Medical  Examiner,  1847.     Trans.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  vol.  3, 1850. 

Rhoads,  Edward,  M.D.     By  William  Pepper,  M.D.     Trans.   Coll.  Phys. 
Philad.,  vol.  iv.,  New  Series,  1863-74. 
By  Henry  Hartshorue,  M.D.     Proc  Amer.  Philos.  Soc,  vol.  xii.,  1871. 

Ritchie,  Thomas  H.,  M.D.     By  John  Marshall  Paul,  M.D.     Read  Sept. 
5,  1837.     MS.  Biographical  Sketches.     Lib.  Coll.  Phys.  Philad.  F.  909. 

Rogers,  Robert  E.,  M.D.     By  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger,  M.D.  Proc  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc,  vol.  xxiii.,  1885. 
By  J.  W.  Holland,  M.D.     Eulogy  delivered  at  Jeflerson  Med.  Coll., 
Sept.  30,  1885.     Pamphlet. 

RUAN,  Dr.  John.     By  Henry  Bond,  M.D.     Trans.  Coll.  Phys.  Philad.,  vol.  i., 
1841-46. 

Rush,  Benjamin,  M.D.      Life  of.      Anon.  Delaplaine's  Repository  of  the 

Lives  and  Portraits  of  Distinguished  Americans,  vol.  i.,  Part  II.,  1816. 

[Written  by  Dr.  Charles  Caldwell,  see  his  Autobiograi^hy.] 
Anon.    Thacher's   Amer.  Med.  Biogr.      Chalmer's  Biography.      Ree's 

Cyclopedia.     Neio   England  Med.   Journ.      Amer.   Med.   and    Philos. 

Register,  New  York,  vol.  iv.,  1814.     Simpson's  Lives  of  Eminent  Phila- 

delphians. 
Anon.   Biographia  Americana.     New  York,  1825.     Portfolio,  Oct.  1813. 

Eclectic  Repertory,  vol.  3,  July,  1813. 
By  David  Hosack,  M.D.     Pamphlet.    New  York,  1818.    Philad.  Journ. 

Med.  and  Phys.  Science,  vol.  7,  1823. 
By  David  Ramsey,  M.D.     Pamphlet. 
By  Rev.  William  Staughton.     Pamphlet.     Philad.,  1813. 
By  Samuel  Jackson,  M.D.  (of  Northumberland).    Amer.  Med.  Biogr. 

By  S.  D.  Gross,  M.D.    Philad.,  1861. 
By  Samuel  L.  Mitchell,  M.D.    Read  before  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.  N.  Y., 

June,  1814. 


802  APPENDIX. 

By  Charles  K.  ]Mills,  M.D.  "  Benjamiu  Rush  and  American  Psychia- 
try."    Medico-Legal  Journal,  Xew  York,  1886. 

The  biographical  notices  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  wear  the  form  of  eulogy. 
They  lack  detail  and  preciseness.  Such  records  are  not  sufficient  to  enable 
the  present  generation  to  estimate  fairly  the  qualities  or  limits  of  his  merit, 
or  determine  to  what  features  of  his  character  his  renown  is  to  be  ascribed. 
A  life  of  Dr.  Rush,  with  his  correspondence  and  extracts  from  his  diary, 
written  in  a  purely  judicial  spirit  would  be  very  instructive.  Materials  for 
it  may  be  found  in  the  Ridgway  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  Library. 

Sheppard,  Frederick  C,  M.D.  Anon.  Tram.  Med.  Soc.  State  of  Fa.,  vol. 
xvii.,  1885. 

Shipped,  William,  M.D.  By  Caspar  Wistar,  M.D.,  1809.  Philad.  Joum. 
3Ied.  and  Physical  Sc,  vol.  5,  1822.     Pamphlet,  1818. 

Thacher's  Amer.  Med.  Biogr.  Extracts  from  eulogy  on,  by  Dr.  Cald- 
well, 1808.     The  Portfolio,  1813. 

Anon.   Biographia  Americana.    New  York,  1825. 

By  William  E.  Horner,  ^NI.D.  Introductory  Lecture  to  his  course  on  Anatomy, 
Univ.  Pa.,  Nov.  7,  1841. 

By  George  AV.  Xorris,  M.D.  The  Early  History  of  Medicine  in  Phila- 
delphia.    Philad.,  1886. 

Smith,  Albert  H.,  M.D.     By  Harrison  Allen,  M.D.     Read  Dec.  3,  1886. 
Proc.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc,  vol.  xxiii.,  1886. 
By  James  Tyson,  M.D.     Read  Feb.  2,  1887.     Trans.  Coll.  Phijs.  Philad., 
3d  Series,  vol.  ix. 

Smith,  Francis  Gurney,  M.D.     By  J.  M.  Toner,  M.D.    Trans.  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc,  vol.  29,  1878. 
By  Charles  B.  Nancrede,  M.D.    Tram.  Med.  Soc  State  of  Pa.,  vol.  xii., 
1878. 

Smith,  Nathan  Ryno,  M.D.  By  N.  S.  Lincoln,  M.D.  Tram.  Med.  Assoc, 
vol.  29,  1878. 

Smyth,  Francis  Garden,  M.D.  By  Edward  J.  Nolan,  M.D.  Tram.  Med. 
Soc  State  of  Pa.,  vol.  xiii.,  1880. 

Stephens,  Alexander  H.,  M.D.  By  Christopher  C.  Cox,  M.D.,  LL.D. 
Trans.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  \o\.  21,  1870. 

Stewardson,  Thomas,  M.D.  By  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger,  M.D.  Ti-am. 
Coll.  Phys.  Philad.,  vol.  vii.j  3d  Series,  1884. 


APPENDIX.  303. 

Stille,  Albert  Owen,  M.D.  By  Christopher  C.  Cox,  M.D.  Trans.  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc,  vol.  14,  1863. 

Stille,  Moretoit,  M.D.  By  Dr.  Samuel  L.  Hollingsworth.  Trans.  Coll. 
Fhys.  Philad.,  vol.  iii.,  New  Series,  1856-62.  Also,  in  Amer.  Med. 
Biogr.  By  S.  D.  Gross,  M.D.  1861. 
By  Francis  Wharton,  Esq.  Preface  to  their  joint  work  on  Medical 
Jurisprudence,  transcribed  into  the  Trans.  Med.  Soc.  State  of  Pa.,  2d 
Series,  Part  I.,  1857.  Also,  by  David  Burpee,  M.D.  Trans.  Med.  Soc. 
State  of  Pa.,  Part  II.,  3d  Series,  1863. 

Thomas,  Robert  P.,  M.D.     By  Henry  Hartshorne,  M.D.    Trans.  Coll.  Phys. 
Philad.,  vol.  iv.,  New  Series,  1863-74. 
Anon.    Trans.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  vol.  18,  1867. 

Tilton,  James,  M.D.     By  L.  P.  Bush,  A.M.,  M.D.     Gaillard's  Med.  Journ.,. 
Feb.  1866.     Also,  in  pamph.  "  The  Delaware  State  Med.  Soc.  and  its 
Founders  in  the  Eighteenth  Century,"  New  York,  1866. 
By  A.  McLaue,  M.D.,  and  James  Mease,  M.D.     Thacher's  Ainer.  Med. 
Biogr. 

Tucker,  David  H.,  M.D.  By  J.  D.  Jackson,  M.D.  Trans.  Amer.  Med._ 
Assoc,  vol.  23,  1872. 

Turnpenny,  Frederick,  M.D.  By  Isaac  Parrish,  M.D.  Read  Sept.  1, 
1840.     MS.  Biographical  Sketches.     Lib.  Coll.  Phys.  Philad.  F.  909. 

TuTT,  Charles  P.,  M.D.     By  W.  Lehman  Wells,  M.D.    Trans.  Coll.  Phys. 
Philad.,  vol.  iv..  New  Series,  1863-74. 
By  J.  Henry  Smaltz.     Trans.  Med.  Soc  State  of  Pa.,  4th  Series,  Part  II., 
1866. 

Wallace,  Ellerslie,  M.D.  Anon.  Med.  and  Surg.  Reporter  Philad., 
March  14,  1885. 

Wallace,  Joshua  M.,  M.D.  By  F.  G.  Smith,  M.D.  Trans.  Coll.  Phys. 
Philad.,  vol.  i.,  New  Series,  1850-53. 

Warren,  John  C,  M.D.  By  Edward  Warren,  M.D.  Amer.  Med.  Biogr. 
By  S.  D.  Gross,  M.D.    1861.    Appleton's  New  Amer.  Encyclop. 

Way,  Nicholas,  M.D.  By  L.  P.  Bush,  A.M.,  M.D.  Gaillard's  Med.  Journ., 
Feb.  1866.  Also,  in  pamph.  "  The  Delaware  State  Med.  Soc.  and  its 
Founders  in  the  Eighteenth  Century,"  New  York,  1866. 

Wellford,  Beverly  Randolph.  By  John  D.  Jackson,  M.D.  Trans.  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc,  vol.  24,  1873. 


304  APPENDIX. 

West,  Francis,  M.D,    By  Squire  Littell,  M.D.    Trans.  Coll.  Phys.  Philad., 
vol.  iv.,  New  Series,  1863-74. 
By  Christopher  C.  Cox,  M.D.,  LL.D.    Trans.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  vol.  21, 
1870. 

Wilson,  William  B.,  M.D.     By  Isaac  Parrish,  M.D.     Trans.  Coll.  Phys. 
Philad.,  vol.  i..  New  Series,  1850-53. 

WiLTBANK,  John,  M.D.     Anon.     Tram.  Med.  Soc.  ta      of  Pa.,  Part  I.,  3d 
Series,  1862. 

WiSTAR,  Caspar,  M.D.     By  William  Tilghman,  C.J.,  Pa.     Trans.  Amer. 

Philos.  Soc,  1818 ;  also,  with  portrait,  in  Simpson's  Live-i  of  Eminent 

Philadelphians. 
By  Dr.  Charles  Caldwell.    Philad.  Med.  Soc 

By  David  Hosack,  M.D.    Amer.  Med.  Recorder,  vol.  i.,  1818.    Pamphlet. 
Eee's  Cijclopedia.    North  American  JRevieio. 

By  Caspar  Morris,  M.D.   Amer.  Med.  Biogr.   By  S.  D.  Gross,  M.D.  1861. 
Biographia  Americana,  New  York,  1825. 
By  William  E.  Horner,  M.D.   Introductory  Lecture  to  his  course  on  Anat., 

Univ.  Pa.,  Nov.  1831.  . 

Anon.   Trans  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  vol.  19,  1868. 

Wood,  George  B.,  M.D.,  LL.D.     By  S.  Littell,  M.D.    Trans,  ('oil.  Phys. 

Philad.,  vol.  v.,  3d  Series,  Oct.  1881. 
By  Henry  Hartshorne,  M.D.     Read  Oct.  11,  1880,  before  the  Amer. 

Philos.  Soc.     Proc  Amer.  Philos.  Soc,  vol.  xix.,  1880. 
By  W.  S.  W.  E.     Amer.  Journ.  Med.  Sc  Oct.  1879. 
By  John  H.  Packard,  M.D.     Trans.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  vol.  30,  1879. 
By  John  H.  Packard,  M.D.    Trans.  Med.  Soc  State  of  Pa.,  vol.  xii.,  1879. 

Yardley,  Thomas  H.,  M.D.    By  Squire  Littell,  M.D.     Tram.  Coll.  Phys. 
Philad.,  vol.  iii.,  1856-62,  p.  276. 


INDEX. 


A  BOLITION  Society,  1 
J\.     Academy,  the,  4,  5 
Academy  of  Medicine,  85 
Address,  first  President's,  19,  21 

inaugural,  President's,  179 

of  thanks,  President's,  187 
American  Philosophical  Society,  3,  4 

Medical  Society,  15 

Society     for      Promoting     Useful 
Knowledge,  3 
Anatomical  Hall,  7 
Anatomy,  first  teaching  of,  in  the  U.  S.. 

note,  12 
Anniversary,  centennial,  171,  173 
Annual  contribution,  74,  141,  142 
Apothecaries,  early,  13 
Appendix,  175 
Apprentices,  medical,  11 
Atheneum,  139 
Attendance  at  meetings,  83,  84 

BAKD,  JOHN,  note,  12 
Baths,  public,  com.  on,  23 
Betton,  Thomas  F.,  gift  to  library,  164 
Biographical  notices,  list  of,  292 
Board  of  Health,  69,  77,  82,  83,  91,  130. 

137 
Boston  benefit  societies,  2 
Botanic  garden,  23 

Broadbelt,  Francis  E.,  to  Dr.  Rush,  17 
Bridges,  llobert,  149 
British  medical  schools,  16 
Building  fund,  141,  154,  155,  158,  189 

first  contributors  to,  190 
Building  a  hall,  140 

final  report  on,  157 
By-laws,  42,  99,  131,  138,  141,  161 

nADWALADEK,    THOMAS,     lec- 

\j     tuies  on  anatomy,  12 

Calculi,  urinary,  149 

Caldwell,  Charles,  81 

Cancer  powder,  Martin's,  14 

Candles,  charge  for,  127 

Carson.  John,  notice  of,  68 


Censors,  list  of,  193 

Centennial  anniversary,  171,  173 

Charlatans,  13,  14 

Chemical  Society,  84 

Children,  diseases  of,   committees   on, 

199 
Childs,  George  W.,  gift  of,  159 
Cholera,  130 

Chovet,  Abraham,  notice  of,  44 
City  Councils,  118,  119 
Clarkson,  Gerardus,  notice  of,  43 

verses  on  the  death  of,  184 
Clarkson,  William,  notice  of,  54 
Coleman,  on  importation  of  fever,  82,  83 
College  of  Philadelphia,  5-9,  23,  24 
College  of  Physicians,  first  record,  19 
senior  and  junior  Fellows,  19, 

177 
list  of  the  first  oflicers,  20 
President's  inaugural  address, 

179 
time  of  meeting,  22 
seal  of,  22 
Commencement,  medical,  the  first,  7 
Committees,  standing,  lists  of,  195-200 
Committee   on    meteorology    and    epi- 
demics, 22, 199 
on  Mutter's  proposed  museum,  144 
Constitution,  signed,  19 
amendments  to,  24,  54 
new  form  offered,  23 
Constitution  of  the  College,  175 
Contributors  to  building  fund,  190 
Contributions,  annual,  23,  49,  74,  100, 
131,  141 
exemption  from,  142 
Councillors,  list  of,  194 
Cullen,  William,  eulogium  on,  42 
Curators,  list  of,  195 
Currie, William,  and  Dr.  Hutchinson,  64 
notice  of,  127 

DA  COSTA,  J.  M.,  158,161 
Dates,  memorable,  189 
Delegates  to  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation, 202 


20 


306 


INDEX. 


Delegates  to  Centennial  Medical  Com- 
mission and  International  Medi- 
cal Congress,  202 
to  Convention   to  revise  the  Phar- 
macopoeia, 201 
to  Pennsylvania  State  Convention, 

201 
to    International     Convention    at 

Paris,  1867,  201 
to  Quarantine  and    Sanitary  Con- 
vention, 201 
Directory  for  nurses,  169 

committees  on,  197 
contributors  to,  170 
Diseases,  introduction  of,  25 
Dispensatory  of  the  U.  S.,  114 
Distilled  spirits,  importation  of,  44 
Duffield,  Samuel,  42,  94 


ECLECTIC  Eepertory,  87 
Election,  the  city  general,  82,  83 
Entertainment  fund,  171 
Entertainments,  committees  on,  197 
Entrance  fee,  23,  49,  100, 118,  120,  181, 

141 
Exemption  from  contribution,  142 
Expenditures,  141 


FEE  bill,  120,  136,  141 
Fellow,  to  read  at  each  meeting, 
126 
Fellows,  list  of,  100 

number  of,  to  limit,  127,  137 
new  list  prepared,  130. 
Fever,  yellow,   55,  56,  57.  61,  62,  74, 
75,  79,  82,  118  ' 
notice  of,  by  the  College,  67 
Governor  Mifflin,  letter  from, 

70,  76 
proceedings  of  College  on,  71, 
72 
Finance,  committee  on,  197 
Fothergill  head,  si£;n  of,  13 
Founders,  list  of,  19,  20 
Franklin,  Benjamin,  funeral,  42 


G  LENT  WORTH,  GEOEGE,  notice 
of,  53 
Great  Britain,  medical  intercourse  with, 

16 
Griffitts,  Samuel  P.,  bled  by  Dr.  Rush, 
13 
letter  to  Dr.  Rush,  18 
notice  of,  124 


HALL   of    the   Amer.   Philos.   Soc, 
room  in,  49 
Hull  of  the  College,  141 
Hall  committees,  list  of,  197 
Hall,  James,  letters  to  Dr.  Rush,  16 
Harris,  Robert,  81,  232 
Health,  Board  of,  letter  from,  74,  75, 
78,  79 
reorganization  of,  80 
Hospital  for  contagious  diseases,  68 
Humane  Society,  1,  118 
Hutchinson,  James,  notice  of,  60 
Hygiene,  public,  committees  on,  198 

TLLUMINATION,  objected  to,  25 
1     Incorporation    of  the   college,  24, 

25 
Infectious  diseases,  relative  to,  26 
International   Medical  Congress  Trust, 
202 


TENKS,  WILLIAM  F.,  Prize  Fund 
tl      Committee,  198 
Jenner,  Dr.,  78 
Jones,  John,  notice  of,  49 
Journal,  Association,  169 
Journal  fund,  167 
Junto  Club,  2 

KEARSLEY,  JOHN,  10 
arrest  and  death  of,  47 
Kuhn,  Adam,  hisaccountof  Dr.  Hutch- 
inson, 62 
notice  of,  94 

LABORATORY,  the,  8 
Leather  Apron  Club,  3 
Lecturers,  Mutter,  153 
Lectures,  committees  on,  196 
Leib,  Michael,  53,  243 
Le  Mayeur  transplants  teeth,  13,  14 
Lemon  Hill,  138 
Lettsom,  John  C,  letters  to  Dr.  Rush,. 

18 
Librarians,  list  of,  194 
Library,  Committees  on,  195 

Dr.  Betton's  gift  to,  164 

date  of  founding,  24 

fund.  Weir  Mitchell's,  167 

growth  of,  161 

Lewis,  founded,  165 

plan  to  form,  24 

state  of,  in  1868,  167 
in  1886,  168 

Samuel  D.  Gross,  168 


INDEX. 


307 


Library,  obstetrical,  168 
Ord,  165 
Parry,  168 

Philad.  Med.  Society's,  163 
Isaac  Remington's  gift  to,  164 
George  B.  Wood's  gift  to,  165 

Loving  cup,  171 

Lyceum,  Medical,  87 

Lyons,  James,  letter  to  Dr.  Rush,  17 


MARTIN,  HUGH,  cancer  powder,  14 
Materia  Medica,  Committees  on, 
199 
Medical  commencement,  the  first,  7 
Medical  Hall  Association,  140 
Lyceum,  87 

practitioners,  number  of,  1788,  18 
Society,  the  American,  15 

the  Philadelphia,  note,  15 
school,  the  first  in  the  U.  S.,  1,  6 
Medicine,  theory  and  practice  of,  com- 
mittees on,  198 
Meetings,  average  attendance  at,  83 
place  of,  22,  49,  141 
of  the  college,  time  of,  19,  22   55, 
127,  142 
Memorial  of  the  college  to  the  Legisla- 
ture, relative  to  a  health 
ofllce,  73 
relative  to  introduction  of 

diseases,  79 
relative  to  temperance,  183 
to  Governor  Shultz,  relative  to 

insane  murderer,  121 
to  Congress  of  the  U.  S  ,  rela- 
tive to  restricting  the  use  of 
spirits,  186 
Memorable  dates  of  the  college,  189 
Mercantile  Library  Co. 's  room,  141 
Meteorology   and   epidemics,  commit- 
tees on,  22,  199 
Midwifery,  committees  on,  199 
Mifllin,  Thomas,  letters  from,  57,  59,  76 
Mitchell,  Samuel  L.,  109,  113 
Mitchell,  S.  Weir,  journal  fund,  167 
Morgan,  John,  letter  to  Dr.  Cullen,  32 
institution  of  medical  schools, 

34 
Dr.  Rush's  error  relative  to,  31, 

38 
visit  to  Morgagni,  28 
portrait  of,  42 
notice  of,  26 
burial  place  of,  42 
Morris,  John,  notice  of,  66 
Murderer,  insane,  121 


Museum,  pathological,  141,  142,  148 

committees  on,  196 
Miitter  fund,  149 

applicable  to  building,  150 

to  purchase  of  books,  149 
in  court,  151 
lectureship,  152 

Thomas  D.,  proposition  to  found  a 
museum,  143,  146 

NATIONAL  Medical  Convention  of 
184'5,  189 
Notice  of  John  Carson,  68 
of  Abraham  Chovet,  44 
of  Gerardus  Clarkson,  42 
of  William  Clarkson,  54 
of  William  Currie,  127 
of  George  Glentworth,  53 
of  S.  P.^Griffitts,  124 
of  James  Hutchinson,  60 
of  John  Jones,  49 
of  Adam  Kuhn,  94 
of  John  Morgan,  26 
of  Thomas  Parke,  132 
of  John  Redman,  88 
of  Benjamin  Rush,  92 
of  Caspar  Wistar,  97 
of  Thomas  Wynne,  10 
of  Lloyd  Zachary,  11 

OFFICERS  of  the  College,  20 
Ord,  George,  library  of,  165 
Owen,  Griffith,  10 

PAPERS,  selection  of,  for  publication, 
81,94 
Parke,  Thomas,  notice  of,  132 
Parry  library,  168 
Pharmacopoeia,  24,  25,  101 

American,  of  1830,  114 

Convention  in  New  York,  1830, 113 

National  Convention  of  1820,  106 

report  of  committee  on,  107 

revision  bv  the  college,  in  1821, 108 
in  1830,  110 

to  bring  into  general  use,  129 

United  States';  of  1830,  114 
Philadelphia  Coll.  of  Pharmacy,  123,129 

dispensary,  1,  8 

Library  Company,  1,  3 

Medical  Society,  15 

gift  from,  167 

population  of,  in  1785,  10 

physicians  of,  8 
Physicians  of  Humane  Society,  1 

early,  in  Philadelphia,  10 


308 


INDEX. 


Physicians,  number  of,  1785,  18 
Picture  house.  Pa.  Hosp.,  142 
Practice  of  medicine,  regulation  of,  67 
Prescriptions,  royalty  on,  123 
Presidents,  list  of,  192 
Preston  retreat,  136 
Prize  fund,  W.  F.  Jenks,  198 
Proceedings  of  the  College  published, 71 
in  the  Transactions,  141 
Public  squares,  137 
Publication,  committees  on,  196 

of  papers,  81,  82,  137 
Publications  of  the  college,  159 

QUAKANTINE  of  vessels,  68 
Quorum,  24 

RECORDERS,  list  of,  195 
Redman,  John,  inaugural  address 
of,  179 
his  MS.  on  yellow  fever,  165 
his  note  book,  167 
notice  of,  88 

thanks  for  reelection,  187 
toast  of,  88 
Remington,  Isaac,  gift  to  librar}',  164 
Rent,  78,  84,  94,  120,  140,  141 
Report  on  Dr.  Mutter's  proposition,  144 

final,  of  building  co  nmittee,  157 
Revision   of   the   Pharmacopoeia,  110, 

115,  117 
Rodgers,  John,  letter  to  Dr.  Rush,  17 

John  R.  B.,  letter  to  Dr.  Rush,  17 
Roll  of  Felluw-s  207 
Rush,  Benjamin,  Caldwell's  account  of, 
58 
eulogium  on  Dr.  CiiUen,  16 
imported  drug',  13 
mercury,  use  of,  57 
notice  of,  92 
resignation  of,  58 
ten  and  ten,  13 


SEAL  of  the  College,  22 
Secretaries,  list  of,  193 
Sharpless,  John  T.,  case  of,  139 


Shippen,  William,  the  elder,  if 
Shippen,    William,    Jr.,     lectures    on 
anatomy,  40 

advertisement  of  lectures,  40 

notice  of,  90 
Societies'  building,  139 
Standing  committee.- instituted,  131,137 
Stuber,  Henry,  15 

lines  on  the  death  of,  186 
Surgery,  committees  on,  198 


TEMPERANCE,  23,  183,  186 
Toast,  John  Redman's,  88 
Togno,  Joseph,  case  of,  134 
Transactions  of  the  college,  printing  of, 
52,  55,  56,  117 
publication  of,  160 
Transplanting  teeth,  14 
Treasurers,  list  otV194 
Trust,  International  Medical  Congress, 
202 


UNIVERSITY  of  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 8 
of  Pennsylvania,  9 


V 


ICE-PRESIDENTS,  list  of,  192 


TT7EIR  MITCHELL    library    fund, 

Wistar,  Caspar,  notice  of,  97 

lines  on  the  death  of,  99 
AVistar  party,  99 

Women,  diseases  of,  committees  on,  199 
Wood,  George  B.,  gift  to  the  library, 
165, 167 
gift  to  the  building  fund,  190, 
191 
Wynne,  Thomas,  10 


ZACHARY,  LLOYD,  11 
Zimmerman,  John,  case  of,  121 


tomeo. 


OCT  Z3W 

OCT  13  RECTI 
BfOMED.  LIU 

"TSf- OCT  30138} 

OCT  2  4  Rm 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


APK21RECD 


V\ 


lA/^ 


Form  L9-6>n-3, '54  (3446)444 


'    f•^i^!^ivvi^^t•' 


